2. CONTROLLING
“Controlling is measuring and correcting
the activities of the subordinates to ensure
that events conform to plans.”
- H.KOONTZ & O’DONNELL
3. Importance
• Helps in achieving the objectives
• Efficient use of resources
• Facilitates decision-making
• Improves employee morale
• Helps in achieving better coordination
• Helps in better planning
4. Types of control
Feed forward / preliminary control
Concurrent control
Feedback / post action control
5. Levels of control
• Strategic Control
(Long term control , corporate level )
• Tactical Control
( Intermediate control , Middle level )
• Operational Control
( Short term control , Lower level control )
7. Control Process
• A basic control process involves mainly
these steps :
1. Establishment of Standards
2. Measurement of Performance
3. Compare Performances
4. Taking Corrective Actions
8. METHODS OF CONTROL
TRADITIONAL
METHODS
Personal observation
Statistical analysis
Special reports
Operational audit
Budgetary control
Break even analysis
MODERN METHODS
ROI
PERT
CPM
MIS
HR Accounting
TQM
9. Essentials of an effective control
1. Focus on objectives and needs
2. Forward looking
3. Prompt
4. Critical point control
5. Control by exception
6. Flexibility
7. Objectivity
8. Economical
9. Motivating
10.Suggestive