planning is the first important step while making any decision by the management.this ppt include meaning ,definition,nature steps,importance,limitations,types etc

1. PLANNING
Meaning of planning
Planning forms that part of
management which lays down the
objectives and various activities to be
done for the attainment of those
objectives. Under this it is decided
what is to be done, how is to be done,
when is to be done and by whom is to
be done.

2. DEFINITIONPlanning involves selecting the enterprise
objectives, departmental goals, polices,
procedures, programs and determining the
wages and reaching them.
Or
Planning is deciding in advance what is to
be done. It involves the selection of
objectives, polices and programs from
among alternative.

3. NATURE OF PLANNING
> Planning is goal oriented:-
management began with planning and planning
began with the determination of objectives. In the
absence of objective no organisation can ever be
thought out: with the determination of objective. The
way to achieve is decided in planning.
> Planning is primary function:-
it is first important function of management. It is the
basic of the management all other function of
management are design and attain the goal and set
under planning. Planning provides the base for
efficient organisation, staffing, directing and
controlling.

4. > PLANNING IS RATIONAL PROCESS :-
PLANNING IS MENTAL EXERCISE INVOLVING IMAGINATION, FOR SITE
AND JUDGMENT. IT REQUIRE A MENTAL THINKING BEFORE DOING
AND ACTING IN THE LIGHT OF FACTS RATHER THAN GUESS.
> PLANNING IS CONTINUOUS PROCESS
:- PLANNING IS AN ONGOING AND DYNAMIC EXERCISE AS THE
ASSUMPTION AND EVENT ON WHICH PLANS ARE BASED IN CHANGE
OLD PLANS HAVE TO BE REQUIRE OR NEW ONES HAVE TO BE
PREPARED.
> PLANNING INVOLVE CHOICE :- PLANNING
IS ESSENTIAL CHOOSING AMONG ALTERNATIVES COURSES OF ACTION.
PLANNING SUPPOSE THE EXISTENCE OF ALTERNATIVE. THERE ARE NO
NEED OF PLANNING IF THERE IS ONLY ONE WAY OF DONG
SOMETHING.

5. > PLANNING IS FORWARD LOOKING :- IT DECIDE
PLAN OF ACTION – WHAT IS TO BE DONE, HOW IS TO BE DONE,
WHEN IS TO BE DONE AND BY WHOM IS TO BE DONE – ALL THIS
QUESTION ARE RELATED TO FUTURE. UNDER PLANNING ANSWER
OF THIS QUESTION FOUND OUT , SINCE PLANNING IS CONCERNED
WITH FUTURE ACTIVITIES, IT IS CALLED FORWARD LOOKING.
> PLANNING IS INTEGRATED PROCESS & MEANS
CHANGE PROCESS :- PLANNING IS STRUCTURE PROCESS AND
DIFFERENT PLAN CONSTITUTE A HIERARCHY EVER LOWER LEVEL
PLAN SERVE AS A MEAN TOWARD THE END OF THE HIGHER PLANS.
THIS IS ALL KNOWN AS MEAN CHAIN.
> PLANNING IS DIRECTED TOWARD EFFICIENCY
:- PLANNING HAS NO RELEVANCE. IT DOES NOT FACILITATE THE
ACHIEVEMENT OF OBJECTIVE ECONOMICALLY AND EFFICIENTLY. THE
EFFECT OF PLAN IS MEASURED BY HOW MUCH THEY CONTRIBUTE
TO OBJECTIVE

6. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
1. Focus attention on objective and result.
2. Reduce uncertainty and risk.
3. Provide sense of direction.
4. Encourage Enovation and creation.
5. Helps in coordination.
6. Guides decision making.
7. Provides basis of decentralization.
8. Provides efficiency in operations.
9. Efficient control.

7. LIMITATION OF PLANNING
1. Planning is time consuming process.
2. Inflexibility.
3. Lack of ability of plans.
4. Environmental constraints.
5. Fall cents of security.
6. Lack of accurate information.
7. Resistance of change.
8. Planning reduce creativity.
9. Planning does not guarantee success.

8. TYPES OF PLANNING/HIERARCHY
CORPORATE
PLANNING
DIVISIONAL
PLANNING
GROUP
PLANNING
LONG TERM
PLANNING
MEDIUMTERM
PLANNING
SHORT
TERM
PLANNING

9. PROCESS OF PLANNING/STEPS OF PLANNING
Identify goals.
Developing planning premises.
Determination alternatives course of action.
Selecting course of action.
Formulating derivative plans.
PLANNING PREMISES
Internal &External.
Tangible & Intangible
Controllable & Uncontrollable

10. PLANNING
Objectives
Strategies
Polices
Procedures
Rules
Programs
Budgets
Schedules
Projects
Methods
MULTI USE PLANS SINGLE USE PLANS

11. Objectives :- Every organization exist to achieve
some purpose which are called its objectives. It may be define
as the ends, purposes or aim which an organization wants to
achieve over the period of time.
Strategies :- It is complex plan for bring the
organization from a given posture and position to a desired
position in future. It is essentially response to ext.
environment forces.
Polices :- A policy is a broad statement of formulate to
provide guidance at lower level of management. It defines the
area and limit with in which decision can made.
Procedure :- It is a sequence or step to be undertaken
to enforce a policy and achieve an objective. It lays down the
specific manner to be performed.
Rules :- Rules are prescribed guides for conduct or
action they specify work should be done or not in a given