Purification Research Paper

Purification Research Paper
Water is the soul of life, but it is not available as pure as needed for human needs; as a result it is essential to discover and improve purification methods
to achieve the allowed limit of concentration of different elements and contaminants. Several purification systems; such as: filtration, ion exchange, and
biological treatments, but the method we followed was the extraction of heavy metals (uranium in our case) from wastewater by magnetic nanoparticles.
Another objective for following this route was the need for new sources for energy, to achieve that; uranium will be extracted to continue its processing
to produce nuclear power that can be transferred to electricity.
The method was extremely easy, and very much applicable on lab scale. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the ability of particles to extract uranium was tested experimentally, the uranium removal efficiency achieved was 96%. By that the purification
of wastewater has accomplished, the other objective was achieved by uranium recovery, by desorption experiments on the U–NPs. The recovery of
uranium reached 89%.
To achieve the goals of the project; scaling up the laboratory experiments were done resulting in $ 33470.5=24098.7JD as a cost of the project; making
it highly feasible project.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Jordan suffers from water shortage making water a precious life element, which makes the improvements on its purification systems a need not a choice.
The energy crises existed in most countries makes us think of new energy sources as nuclear energy.
Contaminants exist in waste water are either damaging or useful, in both cases they should be extracted whether to discard or to make a use out of it.
Working with nanoparticles is critical due to its nanoscale; they should be handled carefully considering safety
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Department Of Aqua Purification And Filtration Summary
The end, an array of clichГ©s, descended upon the planet. The black starless nights and white hot days of suffocating smog and ash wrought havoc.
Subtle increases in temperature and not so subtle earthquakes, offered up whispers and roars. Red blood from the eyes of the diseased, and the gore
from the murdered, blanketed the area. Escaped gases, emanated from bloated corpses, contaminated the air and destroyed the fresh water.
Geneticist, Dr. Jasmine Wallace Quill, distributed water, the new currency. She headed The Department of Aqua Purification and Filtration.
Government control and regulation determined who she allowed to live. Those whose contribution the world order found insufficient, died.
"Damn you! A grown man needs

Water Purification Process
Reason for the process
There are many problems in the world that people face today. One of the biggest concerns is the lack of clean and drinkable water for human use.
Over 70% of the earth is covered with water, so the need for drinkable, usable and clean water is inevitable. Purified water is also used for medicinal
purposes as well industrial. Clean water is used in making medicine and also used in food products. Water can contain thousands of contaminants like
waste discharges from industrial or municipal use and runoff from agriculture use. Many chemical industries around the world focus on the process of
water purification. With the help of this process we are able to get clean water for medical, pharmacological and even third world countries.
History of the process.
There is not only one specific process of purifying water. The method of purifying water is based on what the water is being used for. The oldest
methods of water purification date back to about 2000 BC. At that time they had some idea of water purification that involved heat. Boiling water is
one of the simplest methods of making water drinkable. As time went on people began to experiment with sand filtering. Once the microscope was
invented it allowed us to see small material particles in the water that ultimately furthered the process of water purification. In the 1700s the first
domestic water filters were created, sort of like what we use today but they were made of wool, charcoal and sponge. A man

The Importance Of Sustainable Water Practices For The...
Sustainability is the "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"
(World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987). Water is a principal compound for human life across the globe. Although there is of
1.4Г—109 km3 of Water on Earth, only 0.37% of that is drinkable (Murphy, 2004). The inability to access this clean water then causes water borne
diseases, particularly in poorer nations, such as Cambodia where only 14% of the population has access to drinkable water (Brinkley, 2011). This is
then the reasoning behind the 3.4million deaths annually by water borne diseases within the developing world (World Health organisation, 2001). As
70L of water/day... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some assumptions made within this report are that clean water is safely stored and does not impact on the water purification systems ability. Also, the
correct use off the device is assumed.
2BIO SAND FILTERS
2.1 Design
There are seven components to a biosand filter design. These are; the lid, diffuser, sand layer, outlet tube, filter body, gravel layer and the
separated gravel layer (Cawst, 2009). All of these components all contribute to the purification of water. The purpose of the lid is to protect the
water from any external contamination. The diffuser is a plastic sheet with holes drilled into it and protects the biolayer while the water is being
poured in (CDC, 2014). This is achieved through slowing down the rate of the water. The third component is the sand layer and this removes any
suspended solids within the water. This is able to occur through the use of mechanical trapping and the solids being trapped in between the grains of
sand (Cawst, 2009). The separating gravel layer is purely placed in the filter to support the sand layer on top while the drainage gravel layer's
purpose is to support the flow of water into the outlet tube. The use of bigger rocks is used for this drainage layer to prevent smaller rocks accessing
this outlet tube (Cawst, 2009). The outlet tube brings the water from the bottom of the

Purification Of Purification And Purification
When examining the purification data in Table 4, we can analyze the different methods of purification of LDH and determine how effective each
methods is in order to ultimately purify LDH. Unfortunately, there are two different definitions of purification: one is have a high end yield of the
protein, while the other is having a high end concentration without any contaminating proteins. Furthermore, in order to achieve one type of
purification, the other one has to be given up. The very first purification step involved the 65% ammonium sulfate cut that resulted in a highest protein
concentration out of all the purification steps. The protein concentration went up from 3.925mg/ml from the clarified homogenate to 28.11mg/ml,
which is resulted of the pelleting out of the LDH and reducing the volume from 114mL to 5.7mL. Furthermore, the 65% pellet cut was able to
recovery 46% of the LDH, while purifying it by 6.8 fold. Also, this step was able to remove 65% of the total proteins, while retaining 35% of it. Due
to the increased purity and 46% recovery of LDH we can conclude that most of the removed total protein was non–LDH, contaminating protiens.
Unfortunately, since this was only the first purification step, the amount of comtaminating proteins is still fairly high as depicted in Figure 14, where
the 65% cut pellet contains several dark bands besides the one at 35kDa. The second purification step involved the affinity chromatography column that
resulted in a sharp decrease

The Purification Of Methane
Texas LNG, a company that focuses on liquidizing natural gas, has proposed to build a facility in the port of Brownsville. While the masses might see it
as an economical opportunity or a chance for Brownsville to put itself in the map, environmentalists are against the construction of such facility. Past
ideas of such innovative and beneficial gains have had disastrous results, which destroy the environment. Consequently, the construction of such facility
reeks of air pollution, untrustworthy practices, and the potential to ruin the entire Rio Grande Valley. Purification of methane is straightforward and
manageable when it is in a liquid state, which purifies to be 98% methane, compared to past purification methods that only go up to 95%.

Purification Of Organic Compounds Lab Report
Semester 1 experiment 9 Separation techniques in the purification of Organic Compounds.
Sebastian Watson Group 4 Monday 201743456
Equipment list
Organic Acid
Dilute sodium hydroxide solution
Separating funnel
Stopper
Clamp stand
Dilute hydrochloric acid
Measuring cylinder
Glass rod
Congo red Paper
Buchner Funnel
Hotplate
Beaker
Melting point apparatus
Thermometer
Funnel
Introduction
Solvent extraction is dependent on the two liquids having different polarities so that they do not mix with each other (Example Crude oil and water).
When these two liquids are mixed together they form separate layers, these two liquids would therefore be described as immiscible.
A lot of organic acids cannot be dissolved in water although can be dissolved when placed in organic solvents. However, their sodium salts are
soluble when mixed with water and insoluble when mixed with organic solvents. This is mostly down to the salts being ionic and the acids are almost
completely undissociated. Sodium salts can be formed by the reaction of an organic acid with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
RCOOH + NaOH пѓ RCOO– Na + H2O

Aim
The aim of the experiment was to purify an organic acid and to synthesise crystals of the organic solvent. These crystals would then be used to
determine the melting point and to calculate the mass of the sample obtained.
Experimental
20cm3 of organic acid was measured in a measuring cylinder and transferred to the separating funnel. This was

Effectiveness Of An Extraction Process And Purification...
In this experiment, the effectiveness of an extraction process and purification process by sublimation is observed and used to selectively separate
caffeine from teabags. In the first part of the experiment, water soluble materials, including caffeine, within the teabags are extracted into hot water
because the solubility of caffeine in water increases as temperature increases. This is due to the concept that increasing kinetic energy through
increasing temperature will allow the molecules in the solute to break apart from the intermolecular interactions more effectively. Afterwards, the
solution was filtered using a Buchner funnel to remove any solids from the liquid solution containing the caffeine. Then, the solution is allowed to cool
before the caffeine to be extracted from the water by using methylene chloride, sodium chloride, and anhydrous sodium sulfate as part of a liquid–liquid
extraction work up. Specifically, this liquid–liquid extraction distributes the caffeine into two solvents, methylene chloride and water, which are
insoluble and immiscible to each other. By using density, solubility, and polarity differences of a solute in a pair of solvents, the organic compound of
interest can be transferred from one liquid phase to the other during an extraction. Since the two solvents used are insoluble and immiscible to each
other, two layers, the organic layer and the aqueous layer, will form and can be extracted to obtain the caffeine. Since caffeine is nonpolar,

Annotated Bibliography On Plasmid Purification
Plasmid Purification Authors:
Kashaf Baig
Adam Jolly
Abstract:
Introduction:
Plasmids are circular chromosomes that are found in bacteria (and other cells), can replicate independently (autonomous) and are separate from
chromosomal DNA (Wikipedia, 2017). The plasmids have various conformation but the most important one is the negatively supercoiled conformation.
(Wikipedia, 2017) also states that plasmids are suitable for an organism's survival within the environment, as chromosomes generally contain all the
necessary genetic information of an organism for normal conditions the plasmids on the other hand contain additional information which becomes
useful in certain living ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then 30 Вµl of GelRed was added to the agarose–TBE solution and then mixed thoroughly. The gel was then poured onto a tray with a comb inserted
to create the wells and was left to set for about 30 minutes.
The 2nd method consisted of purification of the plasmid DNA provided (bacterial culture). 1.5 ml of 3 bacterial culture was added to 3 different
centrifuge tubes and then centrifuged for 1 minute at about 8000 xg. The supernatant material from all 3 tubes was then discarded into 3% Virkon
solution and the tubes were placed back in the rack. Then 250 Вµl of P1 Lysis Buffer was added to the tubes and vortexed followed by an addition of
the same amount of Lysis Buffer P2 and mixed gently by inverting the tubes 6–7 times, the tubes were then left to incubate for 5 minutes at room
temperature. 300 Вµl of Neutralisation Buffer P3 was added and then mixed thoroughly by inverting the tubes. All the tubes were now centrifuged at
11,000 xg for 5 minutes taking into consideration that the centrifuge machine was balanced when used to avoid any incomplete mixture. The tubes
were then removed and 750 Вµl was carefully added to 1.5 ml spin columns as to not disturb the white residue (Na), the tubes were then again subject
to centrifuge for 1 minute at 11,000 xg and the flow through discarded after the run. 500 Вµl of Wash Buffer PW1 was added and centrifuged for a
minute (at the same xg), after

Purification of lactate Dehydrogenase
Purification of Lactate Dehydrogenase
Results and Discussion
Monitoring Assays Enzyme activity assay and Bradford dye binding protein assay was used.
Ammonium Sulfate Fractionation In order to isolate and purify Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), we first extracted LDH from bovine muscle tissue. We
minced 8 grams of meat and homogenized using blender. The homogenate was centrifuged and the pellet consisting of membranes, organelles,
cytoskeletal components and structural fragments was discarded. The crude extract was subjected to 40% (NH4)2SO4 fractionation. The purpose of
this is to remove molecules of lesser solubility than LDH like lipids, fats and low soluble proteins. For this, 9.24 g of was slowly added to crude
extract while stirring reaching final solution saturation of 40%. The mixture was then centrifuged and the pellet consisting the contaminants was
discarded. From table I, the data indicate that the yield for this was 88% with purification factor of 1.5. The total protein in 40% supernatant was 121
mg which decreased from 210 mg present in crude extract while retaining 88% of LDH suggesting some contaminant proteins were removed. Due to
some discrepancies in protein data for crude extract and 40% supernatant, we re–assayed these. Even though week 3 data may not be very reliable, the
crude extract assay from week 2 and 40% supernatant assay from week 3 gave the most appropriate data with least error. The 40% supernatant was
then subjected to 60%

Water Purification Of Water In The United States
The water you drink each day in your home is probably one of the most important things you consider. Your body needs lots of clean, healthy water to
stay at its optimal health. Our water in the United States is among the cleanest in the world, but still can contain bacteria and viruses and other
contaminants. For this reason, you may consider checking into water purification Fremont, NE to help you have pure and clean water for you and
your family to drink. This can have an effect on your overall health and well–being. Water purification provides better smelling and tasting water by
removing bacteria and chlorine and other contaminants. Some systems that provide water purification Fremont, NE remove lead from your drinking
water keeping

Water Purification Using Natural Herbs Essay
WATER PURIFICATION USING NATURAL HERBS Mr. Patil G.K. and Dr. Sadgir P.A.
Department of Civil Engineering,
Govt. College of Engineering, Aurangabad (M.S.) India gkp13@rediffmail.com ABSTRACT
In this paper, use of Moringa oleifera seeds for purifying water is discussed. A study was carried out to know the efficiency ofMoringa oleifera seed
suspension for removal of turbidity and hardness of water. Turbid water sample of low turbidity (50 mg/L) was prepared in the laboratory using
bentonite clay, kaolin clay and black cotton soil. Moringa oleifera seed suspension was added as coagulant in concentration of 20, 40, 60, and 80
mg/L. The hardness removal efficiency was checked on water sample from tube well in the vicinity of Aurangabad city (India). The initial hardness
of water sample was 284 mg/L. The dosages of Moringa Oleifera seed suspension were 125, 250, 375 and 500 mg/L. In addition to hardness, effect
on pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and salinity was also studied. Moringa Oleifera seed suspension was found to be effective in
treating the water.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera Seed, Turbidity, Hardness and Extraction INTRODUCTION
Aluminum and ferric salts are the mainly used coagulants all over the world for treatment of water. However, their application may have considerable
disadvantages, the most important being possible negative effect on consumers ' health. Several studies reported that chemical coagulants remain in tap
water after

How The Government Can Protect Water From Pollution
How the Government Can Protect Water From Pollution
For at least two millenniums, the water quality has been getting worse and reached such a high level of pollution that the use of water for different
purposes is very limited and water can be harmful to humans. Water is the source of life of all organisms and the foundation of human civilization.
However, no matter how painful it is to talk about, people are extremely wasteful with water resources of the Earth and pollute it. Every year, up to
400 billion cubic meters of wastewater is discharged into rivers, seas and lakes of the world. As a result, that 5500 billion cubic meters of water on
the planet is now in a contaminated condition. This figure is more than 14% of the total water resources of the world. ( Pakzadeh, 2015) Water pollution
is one of the biggest problem of humanity. People pollute the water and thus reduce the clean water sources causing health problems for people,
destroying natural beauty and ultimately bringing down the economic system to make life more pathetic. The solution to the water pollution problem in
the world is especially in the development of a legislative base, which would allow the government to protect the environment from the harmful
anthropogenic effects, as well as finding ways to implement these laws in practice
At present, pollution of water resources has become an invisible enemy of human health. The studies of the World Health Organization shows that 80%
of all diseases in the

Lab Report On Protein Purification
Lab Report 4
Introduction: Protein purification is a process that can be employed to separate a single protein from a larger starting material which may be anything
from an organ to a cell. Isolating a purified protein from a larger fraction enables further analysis such as determination of amino acid sequence,
potential biological function, and even evolutionary relationship. (Cuatrecasas 1970) In this experiment, the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase will be
purified, this enzyme is found extensively in human cells and catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, an essential part in energy production.
LDH is a key part of anaerobic energy production especially within glycolysis in which LDH catalyzes the conversion of the reverse reaction, pyruvate
to lactate, generating NAD+ from NADH, reproducing the oxidized form of the coenzyme which can be used for oxidative respiration. (Markert 1963)
Due to the fact that number of purification steps correlates with the purity of the protein multiple purification techniques will be used to isolate a
pure form of LDH. LDH will be isolated from a larger "cytosol" fraction collected from a homogenized rat liver in a previous fractionation exercise. Of
the procedures that will be used to isolate and purify proteins from a larger fractionate are a set of techniques collectively known as chromatography.
These techniques all have the same premise, in that they consist of a stationary phase, also known as the

Purification In Odysseus The King
In Fagles translation, book 11 page 251, Odysseus's man Elpenor comes to Odysseus in the Kingdom of the Dead and tells him that he died a death
by misadventure on Circe's island when drunk and that he wants to be properly buried. When Odysseus finishes speaking with the shades, he and his
men head back to the island in book 12 pages 271–272 and give Elpenor a proper burial. This consists of the body and armor being burned on a pyre
and a cairn being built afterward and marked with the man's oar. From a Structuralist standpoint, we have a binary opposition which underlies this
story of the concepts of pollution (miasma) and purification. Dead bodies are impure and require special handling in order to cause them to not be a
problem. There are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to page 126 from "Ancient Greece From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times", written by Thomas R. Martin, "a corpse itself, whether a
murder victim itself or not, exuded a miasma" which called for purification. This is particularly a problem here, because Circe is a goddess and
offenses against the gods carry greater weight, and knowing that you have left an improperly disposed of dead body on her island home without
correcting the situation would compound the problem. Dead bodies break down over time in a messy fashion, they smell terrible even from a
distance, and diseases can result among the living if exposed to a community water supply, a knowledge of microbiology is not necessary to notice
this, though the reason for it would be a matter for debate. Proper handling of dead former acquaintances would necessarily have components both
emotional and sanitary then. Every culture has some method and ritual for doing this, and though they vary in complexity, properly disposing of dead
bodies is universal, and Structuralism drives toward universals. One method of purification

Water Purification
What is water purification?
Water purification generally means freeing water from any kind of impurity it contains, such as contaminants or micro organisms.
Water purification is not a very one–sided process; the purification process contains many steps. The steps that need to be progressed depend on the
kind of impurities that are found in the water. This can differ very much for different types of water.
In which ways is polluted water treated?
Settling
Before the purification process begins some contaminants, such as oil, can be settled in a settling tank. They can then be removed easily, after they
have reached the bottom of the tank.
Removal of dangerous microorganisms
Often polluted water has to be freed from microorganisms. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the Home Environment Center, our carbon filters are "back washed" on an automatic cycle every 72 hours. Maintenance and filter replacements are
carried out by trained personnel in accordance with a predetermined schedule.
Step 3: Sediment Filter
The next step in the purification process is a simple paper sediment filter. The sediment filter acts as a trap for relatively large particles which may be
present in the water–– things like dirt, sand, or grit. It's necessary to remove these large particles very early in the process to prevent fouling and
clogging of the more sensitive equipment used at later stages. Our initial sediment filter is rated at 20 microns (a micron is one–millionth of a meter of
1/25000th of an inch). This rating means that this filter will stop 99.97% of all particles with a diameter of 20 microns or more. Of interest is the fact
that the human eye can only see particles that are 25 microns in diameter and larger.
Step 4: Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis is the centerpiece of the Home Environment Center water purification process. Many people have heard about the process of
osmosis. Osmosis is a naturally occurring process whereby water passes across a membrane due to a pressure differential between one side of
membrane and the other. As osmosis takes place, the concentration of dissolved material on each side of

LDH Purification lab Report
PURIFICATION OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM CHICKEN MUSCLE TISSUE
Abstract
The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the last step of anaerobic glycolysis that is important for the normal function of the body.
Purification of LDH is essential to understand its structure and function. The purpose of this experiment was to extract and purify LDH enzyme from
chicken muscle tissue using a variety of various. Analytical methods such as activity and protein assay were employed to determine the presence and
purity of LDH. The cells were initially disrupted and proteins were solubilized. LDH was purified from the ammonium sulfate precipitated protein
mixture by affinity chromatography and its activity was studied by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
10 microliters of the sample is then added and the assay absorption is measured at 340nm. If absorbance was above 1.5, samples were diluted. Protein
Assay: The Pierce BCA Protein Assay (Thermo Scientific) is a detergent–compatible formulation based on bicinchoninic acid (BCA) for the
colorimetric detection and quantitation of total protein concentration. A series of standard solution of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) ranging from
0–2000 Вµg/ml was prepared from a stock solution of 2 mg/ml BSA. 25ul of diluted crude (1:500, 1:250), desalted (1:100, 1:50), and 6 peak fractions
from cibarcon blue column (1:10, 1:5) were loaded in microplate along with 175ul of BCA working reagent. Microplate was incubated for 30min at
370C and then the absorbance was measured at 562nm.
Results/Discussion The purpose of this experiment was to extract and purify LDH enzyme from chicken muscle tissue using a variety of techniques
including homogenization, ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and affinity chromatography. Activity and Protein assay were used to track the
overall amount of LDH present in the samples. Crude Extraction: Chicken muscle tissue was homogenized in a blender with cold extraction buffer in
order to lyse cells, releasing LDH into

A Experiment On Separation And Purification Methods
This experiment introduces separation and purification methods used in research quite frequently. These methods include hot vacuum filtration and
recrystallization to purify a crude sample of acetanilide containing two impurities. Recrystallization is a very common method that is used to purify
solids. This process dissolves a crude solid with impurities in a mildly boiling solvent, and cooling down the mixture afterwards for crystals to
reconstruct themselves in solution. This method allows impurities to separate and remain in solution as precipitate or remain uniform in solution. Solids
are more soluble in hot solvents than in cold ones, allowing maximum dissolution for proper separation and subsequent crystallization to occur. After
purifying the compound, the melting point is determined using the Mel–Temp technology to compare to the written melting point to see how pure the
sample truly is. The proper steps of recrystallization include selecting a solvent that fits the characteristic of all the components, water in this
experiment. Then, dissolving a crude sample in the chosen solvent (at or close to the solvent boiling point), forming solid in the solution as cooling
takes place, using vacuum filtration to isolate the purified solid, ridding the crystals of all impurities through drying. In this experiment,
recrystallization allows purification of 150 mg of crude acetanilide. Hot vacuum filtration is a process used. The process requires using a filter flask,
Pasteur

The Essentials Of Water Purification
The Essentials of Water Purification
The Essentials of Water Purification From Academic Journals
Ammar Jaleel
Plano Academy High School By making water purification processes more efficient, the number of casualties caused by unsanitary water will
significantly drop. The purpose of this document is to inform the reader about the essentials of water purification; it is organized by the trend of the
topic, typically by the types of processes. According to the UN, more than 2.5 billion people worldwide don't have access to a clean water source.
That's more than 35% of the world's population that is dying off because of this problem. By purifying the water and making potable water, this
problem will soon cease to exist. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The third article I researched took a different approach on water purification. Rather than making giant desalination plants to make clean water, this
article talked about how we can chemically treat individual bottles of water easily to get rid of bacteria with iodine or chlorine tablets. However,
this method of purification is extremely inefficient for many reasons. You cannot mask the taste of iodine or chlorine. Furthermore, no type of
chemical will be able to get rid of organic matter, so if the water is from a pond or lake, you will need to carry around a filter to get rid of it. Even
though this process is good for people who need clean water on the go and instantaneously, it is not a reliable way to get rid of the world problem of
unsanitary water. The next article takes a similar approach about water purification since it targets individual small bodies of water. An ultraviolet
lamp eliminates all types of bacteria and dirt, ensuring clean and pure water. The only problem with this is that it leaves only distilled water, which is
water that is drained of all its minerals; this makes distilled water not suitable for drinking. In a water purification system designed by Labconco makes
the water go through three stages of purification. First, it goes through a prefilter that removes anything bigger than 5 micrometers. Then a carbon

The Problems Of Eagle Valley Health Food
Executive summary
The aim of this report is to critically analyze and evaluate the two main problems of Eagle Valley Health Food and will introduce possible solutions to
improve the sustainability of the firm.
These possible suggestions will be based on recent data of Eagle Valley Health Food, websites, books and journal articles.
This report will discuss three useful solutions that include the renovation of the company with installation of solar powers to reduce the expenses of
high usage of electricity and water purification in order to decrease monthly water rates
Introduction
The target of this report is to analyze and evaluate the problem of Eagle Valley Health Food Pty Ltd and find possible solutions to improve the
sustainability of the company. In addition, this report will contain applicable suggestions to initiate corporate social responsibility innovation in the
establishment.
Eagle Valley Food was established in 2013 and the location of this company is in the eastern outskirts of Perth. Eagle Valley Health food produces
health oriented snack bars made of fruit, cereals and nuts. Also, the company was built 56 years ago and has never been renovated.
Mr. Martin Clifton, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Food, wants to improve the sustainability of the firm and he believes that it will increase the
company reputation as well as company finances in the long term. Cavusgil (2012) states that sustainability means performing people's needs without

Purification Lab Report
purified. Through the different migration rates, compounds with a more negative charge will migrate down faster due to the positive electrode. The
LDH isozymes also have different isoelectric points (pI) , giving a different net charge, therefore affects its migration rate. Two standards are placed
into the agarose gel for comparison next to our own sample.
Conclusions:
In our purification table, the purification that gave us the biggest increase in purity was the 65% cut pellet. The 65% cut pellet had the lowest percent
yield, 5.15%, determined by dividing its total protein to the clarified homogenate (first step of purification). The 65% cut also had the highest fold
purification calculated; it was higher than the clarified homogenate, The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 65% cut pellet also had the highest recovery of LDH because of the total activity units, 869.132 U. The lowest recovery of LDH was affinity
purified LDH with the total activity units of 578.778 U and with a specific activity of 0.504 U/mg.
Some unexpected results may have resulted in human error when determining absorbance versus time. When using the GENESYS spectrophotometer,
our group did not keep the proteins in the ice buckets for a good amount of time, which may have resulted in different decay rates for the different
purification steps.
If we have down SDS–Page, the purification could have show proteins based purely on molecular weight, because the charges would be neutralizes.
SDS–Page is also known under denaturing conditions because it makes sure that even proteins with different conformations do not migrate through the
gel any faster than a different protein. The higher molecular weight would migrate to the bottom more quickly than a lower molecular weight protein.
SDS–Page could have shown the general molecular weights in the bands of LDH.
I believe we had heart muscle. The pI of heart muscle was 5.57 and the skeletal muscle has a pI of 8.18. The electrophoresis is also run under a pH of
9.5. When pH increases,

The Brita Case Solution
в– The Brita Products Company
в—Ћ SWOT Analysis
Strengths
пЃ¬Market leader in pitcher filter category, strong brand image
пЃ¬Large retail distribution system, presence in multiple channels ("Class to Mass")
пЃ¬Loyal customer base, repeated purchasing replacement filters
пЃ¬Strong advertising and brand image, waterfall equals good, clean taste
Weakness
пЃ¬Slowing growth in pitcher market
пЃ¬Lack of product diversity
пЃ¬Change in customer preferences, deficient attention paid to health concerns
пЃ¬Existing channel relationships may not work for faucet launch
Opportunities
пЃ¬Untapped markets to be explored, possible new segment with faucet filter
пЃ¬Migrate current customers to new faucet, pitcher becomes a "stepping stone"
пЃ¬New ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1992, sales units in faucet mounts are 3 times more than those in pitchers. It seems that Brita had tried to take the market share from faucet mounts
system at first. They might struggle to inform customer with pitcher system's benefits, so they could be known as a consideration set. And after that, as
people's needs for purified water were growing, they could enlarge their market.
в—Ћ 4P(Product, Price, Place, Promotion) Analysis
(1)Product
In fact, Brita has focused their R&D into the taste of water not the technology of purification. If they focused on the numerically expressed technology,

it might be easily threatened by competitors with better number. They targeted their purification system with emotional and sensitive benefits (abstract
but in–comparable) not functional competition.
And they set up the efficient business model, could make customer loyalty with repeated purchasing; replacement filters.
(2)Price
They kept insisting trustful price. They reimburse retailers not to feature the price below their MAP(minimum advertised price).
(3)Place
"Class to Mass" strategy. They pursue their product to be established in class, first in mass, and alone in grocery. They managed two–market plan,
"Ultra" pitcher (upscale one) in department store and "Standard" pitcher in mass merchandisers, grocery and drug stores.
(4)Promotion (Brand Communication)
At inception, because the water filtration

It Is A Water Purification System
It is a hot 92 degrees fahrenheit, blistering sunny day the small communities of Amaya, Torencio, and El Porvenir in Nicaragua. The dress code for
guys: long pants, closed toed shoes, t–shirt with sleeves, and hats optional. The dress code for girls: pants or capris, closed toed shoes, crew neck
shirts with sleeves, and no tight fitting articles of clothing would be allowed. In the communities tasks of digging a trench, installing a water
purification system, home visits, and of course playing with the kids were handed out. Work in the morning and play in the afternoon. Then the
team boarded two small buses/vans, and returned to a fairly nice hotel with a pool and dinner awaiting. Then the nightly team debriefs and bed
shortly after to do it again. Then before you know it you are standing there surrounded by shouting kids, many hugs, the phrase "adios" said
between the sniffles of runny noses and tear streamed faces. Hundreds of pictures are being taken to add to the thousands from the week all in
hopes of getting that one picture or a few memorable moments that will be on the picture slideshow. Then returning home is exhausting as is trying
to sleep during the layovers and rediscovering "American food" which you had a week ago but it feels as if it has been weeks. The questions that
are always asked are: what did you do? what did you learn? how did you see God? The response frequently begins with the pronoun I and a
comparison of the different situations begins either in

The Purpose Of Fume Purification System Essay
2.2.3Fume purification system 10720BFor the purpose of fume purification system, two Singaporean SKG–KFC treatment lines are employed, with a
fume treatment capacity of 100,000 Nm3/h. The purification process includes semidry–SNCR, spray reactor, activated carbon lime injection, and
bag–type dust remover. Activated lime mortar will be sprayed in the spray reaction tower for deacidification; urea solution will be sprayed in the
incinerator for denitration; activated carbon sprayed in the flue for detoxification, and the dedusting will be carried out by bag type dust remover. The
flying ash and resulting product of reaction will be subjected to solidification process. See Table 12–6 for the amount of pollution in the exhaust after
purification as per design. 1350BTable 12–6 Amount of Pollution Exhaust after Purification 6985BEmission 6986BUnit6987BNumerical value
6988BRemarks 1.1 6989BDust6990Bmg/Nm36991B106992BMeasured average value 6993BHCl6994Bmg/Nm36995B506996BHourly average value
6997BHF6998Bmg/Nm36999B27000BHourly average value 7001BSOX7002Bmg/Nm37003B1007004BIn SO2 7005BNOX7006Bmg
/Nm37007B2007008BIn NO2 7009BCO7010Bmg/Nm37011B1007012BHourly average value 7013BNH37014Bmg/Nm37015B107016BHourly
average value 7017BHg7018Bmg/Nm37019B0.17020BMeasured average value 7021BCd7022Bmg/Nm37023B0.17024BMeasured average value
7025BPb7026Bmg/Nm37027B0.27028BMeasured average value 7029BDioxin7030Bng–TEQ/ Nm37031B0.110721B(Data source:

A Separation and Purification Scheme Essay
Abstract: Experiment 55 consists of devising a separation and purification scheme for a three component mixture. The overall objective is to isolate in
pure form two of the three compounds. This was done using extraction, solubility, crystallization and vacuum filtration. The experiment was carried out
two times, both of which were successful.
Background Information: This experiment combined all the knowledge of the previous labs performed throughout the semester. An unknown mixture
containing an organic acid or base and an organic neutral compound in nearly equal amounts needs to be separated to its separate components. An
understanding of solubility, extraction, crystallization and vacuum filtration is necessary in order to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
re and reweigh to determine amount of solid solute (Neutral compound)
Obtain melting point
Selecting Solvent for Crystallization
Perform the following with three 0.05g samples of unknown and the following solvents: methanol, water and toluene
Place 0.05g unknown in a test tube
Add .5mL solvent at room temperature to mixture o If all solid dissolves at room temp, then solid is too soluble
If none of the solid dissolves at room temp, heat test tube and stir o Add solvent dropwise while heating and stirring until solid dissolves o If all solid
dissolves, go to next step o If not, this is not a good solvent
Remove test tube from heat and stopper it o Allow to cool to room temp o Place on ice bath o If a lot of crystals form, this is a good solvent
Crystallization
Place 0.3g unknown in a 10mL Erlenmeyer flask
Add 6mL solvent (chosen above) and a boiling stone to a 2nd Erlenmeyer flask
Heat solvent on warm hot plat until boiling
Add several drops of solvent, heat flask, and swirl
Continue above step until all solid dissolves
Remove flask and cool slowly to room temp
Induce crystal formation by scratching inside surface of flask with glass rod
Once room temp crystallization ceases, place flask in ice water bath
Vacuum Filtration
Vacuum filter the crystals using a Hirsh funnel

Moisten filter paper with a few drops of solvent and turn on water vacuum to fullest extent
Use spatula to get crystals from bottom of flask before

Drinking Water Is An Essential Part Of Life On This Planet...
An essential part of life on this planet is water. Water is in practically every living organism and it is absolutely necessary that water is readily
available when it is needed. Over seventy percent of the planet is covered in water, of which only about three percent is fresh water that humans can
consume which a lot of is trapped in glaciers and icecaps (FAO). In many parts of the world, there are places where fresh drinking water is not available
for people because it is contaminated or hard to reach or some other kind of obstructive factor. In the current media, places of this nature include Flint,
Michigan where the water source is contaminated, the state of California where there is a drought, and several places in Africa where there ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These new innovations do face some amount of opposition, however. There is not an enormous amount of funding being put forth for finding new
ways of generating fresh drinking water. There are also not many scientifically proven techniques to do so. Currently, the only techniques that are really
implemented include: distillation, carbon filtration, membrane filtration, ultraviolet irradiation, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange (Roush). However,
these current techniques are very costly and they require a large amount of energy to be used when done. Alternative techniques that are cheaper and
more energy efficient need to be given more attention and funding. Implementing new biotechnology for water purification will leave a positive impact
on society by creating a greater amount of fresh, drinkable water, creating more readily available water sources in parts of the world that are currently
lacking, and by keeping a necessary resource for human life available in a constantly consuming society. One place that has constantly gotten
recognition in the current media for having a lack of fresh drinking water is Africa. From lack of sources to undrinkable substances in the water, ideas
have been circulating about how to improve the situation there so that people may get clean water.

Water Purification
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.
The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification may also
be designed for a variety of other purposes, including meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacological, chemical and industrial applications. In
general the methods used include physical processes such as filtration,sedimentation, and distillation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or
biologically active carbon, chemical processes such asflocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet... Show
Such water may emerge as springs, artesian springs, or may be extracted from boreholes or wells. Deep ground water is generally of very high
bacteriological quality (i.e., pathogenic bacteria or the pathogenic protozoa are typically absent), but the water may be rich in dissolved solids,
especiallycarbonates and sulfates of calcium and magnesium. Depending on the strata through which the water has flowed, other ions may also be
present including chloride, and bicarbonate. There may be a requirement to reduce the iron or manganese content of this water to make it acceptable
for drinking, cooking, and laundry use. Primary disinfection may also be required. Where groundwater recharge is practised (a process in which
river water is injected into an aquifer to store the water in times of plenty so that it is available in times of drought), the groundwater may require
additional treatment depending on applicable state and federal regulations. 2. Upland lakes and reservoirs: Typically located in the headwaters of river
systems, upland reservoirs are usually sited above any human habitation and may be surrounded by a protective zone to restrict the opportunities for
contamination. Bacteria and pathogen levels are usually low, but some bacteria, protozoa or algae will be present. Where uplands are forested or
peaty,humic acids can colour the

Role Of Purification In The Odyssey
Was it an Overreaction?
In the twenty–second book of the Odyssey, Odysseus, having returned to Ithaca, commences his plan to kill the suitors that have been plaguing his
house for so long. One of the main reasons Odysseus does this, in addition to serving justice, is for the reason of purifying his house. However, is the
way in which Odysseus goes about purifying his house perhaps too harsh for slaughtering all of the suitors, too lenient for sparing the herald and the
bard, or are his actions virtuous and appropriate? First of all, this paper will examine Odysseus' words at lines 32–42 for why Odysseus might be
totally appropriate in his level of purification, then Eurymachus' speech at lines 45–63 as an argument against Odysseus' actions ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Also Homer's use of the words "their necks were in the noose" is interesting, because there are possibly two layers of figurative meaning. The more
shallow layer refers to the suitors being snared in a trap they can't escape, not being able to run from their deaths, repeated in the next phrase "their
doom sealed" (35). Taking a deeper look, however, it is possible that the example of necks in a noose is meant to compare the suitors to the people
who usually are in the predicament of being hung, in fewer words, criminals. Odysseus then seems to cut through this panic with his "dark look",
possibly showing his disgust with the situation. He then shouts back, "You dogs! You never imagined I'd return from Troy
–" (37), Homer, both through
his narrative and Odysseus' voice repeatedly driving home the suitors disregard for the future. He also seems to compare this sort of behavior with
the behavior of animals. Odysseus steps his charges up even more, saying "so cocksure", calling them arrogant, "that you bled my house to death"
(38), even to the point of wrongdoing. He then says " you wooed my wife behind my back while I was still alive!" (38–39), maybe going along

Importance Of Purification Of Water Essay
Purification of Water to Save Humanity Thought water is the other name of life, more than billion people around the world cannot drink clean water.
Some of them used to walk for milieus just to fetch water for themselves and their families. In some places where the supply of water is enough, it is
found most of the time the water is polluted with virus and bacteria which can form deadly diseases. Not only in the undeveloped countries but also in
developing countries water sources are polluted sometimes. "And there's another group that lacks access to abundant, safe, clean drinking water:
astronauts." As astronauts have to take things what they need and they have to reuse and recycle every dewdrop of water. "On the International Space
Station, where U.S. Astronaut Scott Kelly recently spent a year in orbit, specialized technology developed by NASA collects every bit of moisture,
including sweat and urine, and turns it into drinkable water" Filtration is the only solution. As all filters are not equal depending on the expenditure
some of them can only drain out dirt and low–level bacteria which are harmful mostly for young children's as the water used to carry a dangerous virus.
Luckily the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) scientists come forward with their best water filtering technology." "In 2000,
Florida–based Argon ide was working with nanomaterials and discovered its Nanoceramic fibers had properties that made them excellent as water
filters. The main benefit to the nanofibers was their unusually strong "bio–adhesively"–meaning particles, including viruses and bacteria, were easily
attracted to the fibers. When water passed through a filter woven of the fibers, these particles flocked to the fibers and got stuck there, leaving virus–
and bacteria–free water on the other side." NASA rewarded the company. "The Nanoceramic fibers produce an electropositive charge when water
flows through them. Many impurities carry a slight negative charge and are absorbed by the filter," explained Tom Smokoff, founder of Water Pure
Technologies. Some filters were designed by using membranes with small pores so

Theresa Dankovich's Water Purification System: The...
One of the biggest challenges of polluted third world countries is the lack of suitable drinking water. However, a woman named Theresa Dankovich
created a water purification system called The Drinkable Book. The book has 25 pages of silver nanoparticles which releases silver ions that
neutralize disease. The pages were tested in five different countries, and reportedly eliminated almost all of the bacteria.
Unlike other water purification methods, the filters don't use chlorine or iodine, meaning there is no weird taste to the water. Dankovich stated that
"The main thing is that it would fit in someone's normal life without requiring massive changes to adopt such a technology," which she succeeded in,
with her portable easy to use book. Despite

Ritual Purification In Shinto Religion
Ritual purification is a part of various religions and is the most basic practice of life in the Shinto religion for those who are followers. the main
focus for the practice of purification is to get rid of the impurities within the body and soul of the individual regarding anything that the person does
for each day , and specifically before they practice daily devotions. The negativity that one is attempting to dispose of is not the same as physical
impurity, for example, either garbage or dirt. Harae or Harai is one of four vital components included in Shinto religion. The main focus of the ritual is
to get rid of pollution, sins the person has committed, and any uncleanliness. The idea of Harae incorporates bad luck, guilt, as well as disease. ... Show
In Shinto they focus on 4 main ideals which include cleanliness, brightness, balance, what is right. Thought the practice of these ideals that Shintos
make part of their everyday life it is reflected through all four ideals. Every so often things can become unstable in a individuals physical
environment, spirit, and mind so they must restore their balance these everyday rituals of purification and cleanliness. The most important ritual is
misogi which is quite similar to Harae which of course is consisting of purification through water and can take place where water is present. Just
like Harae a priest will wave a stick with streamers but he waves the stick over a shrine and then waves over the individual who are apart of the
ceremony. The priest gets rid of all bad and negative impurities affecting the individual to give them a property and balance. In this tradition the
cleansing of impurities is like a basic necessity of life for the Shinto. The individuals who are partaking in the ceremony wash their hands and face
before coming in contact with the shrine. The priest who is holding the ceremony cleansing the path that leads to the shrine so no impurities reach the
altar when they reach it. Then the worshipers must make an offering of fresh fruit to present to the

Water Purification Lab
Abstract: The main objective of this lab was to determine how to effectively measure and compare bacteria in different water sources, specifically in
this lab by using Coleman Drinking Water Purification Tablets. The tablets did not eliminate bacteria to the level found in tap water, however they
were still very effective at eliminating bacteria. The tablets as a result can be trusted by the user to remove any unnecessary health risk when drinking
water from an untreated source.
Introduction:
Water purification in the backcountry while camping and hiking takes place in many forms, from U.V. light, to filters, to Iodine tablets. The main
objective of this lab was to develop a way to objectively test bacterial contamination in water. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That is why it is of the utmost important to check the effectiveness of a hiker's equipment. Water purification is the most important thing to have
while out hiking in the backcountry. A real world scenario was the only way of being able to properly tell whether or not the Iodine tablets could
be counted upon, when they are the only thing being used for water remediation. The lab procedure start by taking a river water sample from the
Menomonee River, which was then separated into three 1L beakers which were then filled to the range of .95L to 1L. The water samples as is,
were then swabbed for bacteria, and rubbed across a Tryptic Soy Agar plate (TSA), to facilitate growth of bacteria if any was present in the water.
The water was then treated with the drinking water tablets per their instructions, and was then swabbed again for bacteria after the 35 minute mark.
This second swab was then also streaked across a TSA plate in order to check if there was any bacteria still present in the water. The previous
methods were also performed concurrently with three identical amounts of water from the city of Milwaukee tap water. This was done to account for
any bacteria that could have entered the water from the air, due to the open air beakers. The bacteria, if present on the TSA plates, were then allowed
to grow over several days, and the resulting bacteria colonies were then counted, and purification levels were compared between the drinking water
tablets and the treated city

The Pros And Cons Of Anderson Water System
As we dive into the last weeks of summer, you may have heard about the water issues that have been plaguing the Summer Olympics in Rio De Janeiro.
As Anderson Water Systems, a Rochester, NY based water purification and filtration company, summarizes it, the waterways of the city have been used
as dumping grounds for garbage, sewage, and toxic chemicals for years, leaving the water polluted and contaminated. Despite the assurances of the
International Olympic Committee and the recent opening of a new sewage treatment plant, various sailing teams are continuing to err on the side of
extreme caution, making sure to close their mouths so that water won't spray up into them and washing their clothes with special antibacterial cleansers
and detergents.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many American homes could benefit from water purification and filtration systems. Anderson Water Systems explains that although municipal water
systems have come a long way in terms of water purification, there are still other possible sources that can cause unclean waters. Having been in
business for more than 60 years, they want you to be aware that old pipes can carry traces of lead and that natural deposits and groundwater can
contain various chemicals like arsenic, iron.
To combat these issues, Anderson Water Systems has crafted filtration systems that will purify the water before you come in contact with it. By
utilizing reverse osmosis, these systems can filter out any contaminants and impurities. Whether we're drinking it from a tall glass or soaking in it in
the tub, water is such an integral aspect of our daily lives. Thanks to Anderson Water Systems, not only will the water be cleaner and healthier, it will
also taste much better.
To learn more about water purification and filtrations systems, get in touch with Anderson Water Systems today. You can do so online, through their
Facebook page, with a call to (800)

Access To Safe Water
Zola opened her exhausted eyes and woke Lulu, her sister. The two grabbed large tin buckets and tiptoed out of their tiny living space, to avoid
waking their family. They crouched under the tiny door, their eyes blinded by the rising sun from the outdoors. They looked at each other with
wide eyes, preparing themselves for the hours of walking they would be doing today. This is the daily life of an individual child in places such as
Sub Saharan Africa, like Zola and Lulu, with no access to safe water. Safe water is water that is safe to consume, because it contains no harmful
bacteria or contaminants.The access to safe water is a growing issue among people around the world, including several millions of people in areas
such as Sub Saharan Africa,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Explained by Treehugger.com, "Super Sand" is a mixture of regular, fine grained sand, coated in an oxide of graphite. This shows that this
purification system is fairly simple and easy. "Super Sand" purification works by layers of sand and gravel trap and stain particles in the water, as
read by Agr.gc.ga, explaining that this purification system is as simple as water being strained through sand and gravel, with no complicated
process. "All dirty water is backwashed or drained to waste after the process is completed, so it can be recycled" (Agr.gc.ga). This displays that like the
Janicki Omniprocessor, "Super Sand" purification does not waste any leftover water, it

We Need a New Method of Purifying Drinking Water Essay
Chlorine has been purifying our drinking water for the last century. Chlorine has many uses; it is used as an amazing water disinfectant to rid water of
harmful organisms, it sanitizes many surfaces, and it is used in the production of many products. Virtually all water borne diseases have been wiped
out as a result of purification of drinking water – usually with chlorine. Life expectancy has increased fifty percent in the last century because people
are able to drink clean, healthy water. Two hundred million people in America and Canada drink, shower and swim in chlorinated water everyday, and
ninety–eight percent of drinking water treatment facilities use chlorination (Christman, 1998). Chlorine has benefited society in an ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, those who take the economic approach believe that chlorine might have some effect, yet the expenditure of money and time to develop
alternatives for all of chlorine's uses make it hard to eliminate it from our society.
Studies have shown that it is not the chlorine that causes damage to our health, but rather chlorine's byproducts. Dioxins, which are an unwanted
byproduct of industrial production that uses chlorine, are the most harmful human carcinogens studied (Thornton, 1997). When chlorine is added to
our water supply, it immediately kills many to all of the organisms living in the water. However, it also reacts with any organic material in the water
such as leaves, twigs, or dirt chemically producing byproducts called trihalomethanes, or THMs. THMs consist of four chemicals: chloroform,
bromoform, bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane. Dibromochloromethane is already classified as a possible known human carcinogen
and has been proven to cause cancer in laboratory animals (Times Union, 1996).
The US Council of Environmental Quality states that, "[t]he cancer risk among people drinking chlorinated water is 93% higher than among those
whose water does not contain chlorine" (Showering in Tap Water, 2001). Organizations such as Greenpeace and the Sierra Club, as well as many
doctors and scientists, are publicly

Dangers Of Water Purification
Impacts of Water Purification on our society & The Dangers of Drinking unpurified water
Did you know that only two and half percent of the earths fresh water is okay to drink and less than one percent of that is available to humans and
fresh water ecosystems and the rest is frozen away in the ice in artic and ant artic areas. One of the biggest problems today in 2017 is people having
purified water. Having such a big population and our way of life is killing our earth. This way of our life is destroying our fresh water ecosystems and
is making it very difficult for us to have clean drinking water. Although there are some simple solutions to this problem. Purified water has a huge
impact on our society socially and economically.
Twelve percent of our earth's population uses eighty–five percent of its water. 1.2 billion people in our earth our do not have easy access to clean
drinking water. Due to the shortage of pure water it has caused 250 million deceases, leading to 5–10 million deaths annually just because of pure
water. The problem of purified water has put a lot of stress on developing countries. Developing countries can often afford a sanitation plant and the
facilities to run a sanitation plant and have the water run to families in urban areas but the problem is that it is often too expensive, or they don't have
everything to reach rural areas leaving a lot of poor families without pure water. In Africa the women are given the responsibility to collect water for

The Water Crisis
Access to clean water is essential to overall human health and economic growth. Recent technologies have made water access more universal, however
there is still a large percentage of the world population that lives without clean water. Nanotechnology is a promising field that may offer sustainable
solutions to the water crisis and allow the world to move toward universal access to clean water.
Due to increasing demand for water, the world has been faced with a water crisis. The rising human population and unsustainable environmental
practices has made clean freshwater a rare commodity. Developing countries are impacted the most by the water crisis. In the 20th century the global
population increased threefold and triggered a simultaneous sixfold increase in water use (Bogardi, 2012). Water usage has likely increased due to
extended droughts, population growth, more strict health regulations, and competing demands from a variety of users (Savage, 2005). Developed
countries like the United States have been able to keep up with the increasing water demands by creating larger infrastructures and using legal means to
regulate water consumption. However, many developing countries lack the capital needed to create the infrastructures needed to provide clean water.
Additionally, developing countries often lack an impartial and efficient legal system that can enforce water rights and water regulations. The water
crisis has caused nearly one billion people to live without access

The Consumption Of Water For Heathy Beverages
Human, animals and any element live in this earth can't live without water, but the main point how can we save it and use it in the right way. Around
65 – 70 % in this earth is sea water and with it the raining water and well water. The water is use for many factors in order to let the live work, but
the problems are the using of the water for human and animals. Nowadays, there are many ways that show us how to use the water and save it in
order to survive. In this day and age, it seems like bottled water is become more and more popular. It has practically become the icon for heathy
beverages. There are approximately 475 bottled of water plants in the U.S., producing 600 brands of bottled of water. It estimated that one six
American households use bottled of water as either the primary of water. In California alone, residents consume over 33% of the bottled water that is
sold. In this module, we shall investigate the virtues of bottled water as well as its similarities and differences with the water they get from their
household faucet. There are three main points issues for Tap water and Bottled water: Environment, Economics, and Public health. Making bottles for
bottled water have benefits and disadvantages for environment at the same time. These days there are a lot of types Bottled water and easy addressed.
But when completed what will happens empty bottled?! "Transporting the bottles and keeping them cold also burns fossil fuels, which give off
greenhouse gases.

Water Purification Essay
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.
The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification may also
be designed for a variety of other purposes, including meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacological, chemical and industrial applications. In
general the methods used include physical processes such as filtration,sedimentation, and distillation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or
biologically active carbon, chemical processes such asflocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet... Show
Most deep groundwater does not need screening before other purification steps. 3. Storage – Water from rivers may also be stored in bankside
reservoirs for periods between a few days and many months to allow natural biological purification to take place. This is especially important if
treatment is by slow sand filters. Storage reservoirs also provide a buffer against short periods of drought or to allow water supply to be maintained
during transitory pollutionincidents in the source river. 4. Pre–chlorination – In many plants the incoming water was chlorinated to minimize the
growth of fouling organisms on the pipe–work and tanks. Because of the potential adverse quality effects (see chlorine below), this has largely been
discontinued.[3]
Widely varied techniques are available to remove the fine solids, micro–organisms and some dissolved inorganic and organic materials. The choice of
method will depend on the quality of the water being treated, the cost of the treatment process and the quality standards expected of the processed water.
[edit]pH adjustment
Pure water has a pH close to 7 (neither alkaline nor acidic). Sea water can have pH values that range from 7.5 to 8.4 (moderately alkaline). Fresh
water can have widely ranging pH values depending on the geology of the drainage basin or aquifer and the influence of contaminant inputs (acid
rain). If the water is acidic (lower than 7), lime, soda ash, or sodium hydroxide can be added to raise the pH during

Purification Research Paper

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