APPLICATION OF ACID - BASE CHEMISTRY

1. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(PAPER – 2)
BY
SMITA . S. JADHAV
M.Sc:- PART 2 (SEM-3)

2. REACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL SPECIES:-
APPLICATION OF ACID - BASE CHEMISTRY :
 SUPER ACID
 SUPER BASE

3.  What is acid..??
 What is base..??
 What is acid- base reaction..??
 Definition of super acid and base
 Application of super acid and super base

4.  A molecule or other species which can donate a
proton or accept an electron pair in reaction.
 Containing acid or having the properties of an acid ,
having a PH of less than 7 .
 Examples of acids :-
acid in food such as vinegar ( Acetic acid) , soda
water (carbonic acid ), and lemon juice (citric acid) these
are weak acids.
 Some acids can lose more than one proton for eg.
Carbonic acid lose two proton , while phosphoric
acid and citric acid lose three proton.

5.  In chemistry , base are substance that in aqueous
solution , release hydroxide (OH-) ions .
 They are slippery to the touch, can taste bitter if an
alkali .
 Change the colour of indicators ( eg. Turns red
litmus paper to blue)
 React with acid to form salt, promote certain
chemical reaction.
 Examples :- Lithium oxide , sodium hydroxide ,
potassium hydroxide , etc…..

6.  The first of these concepts was
provided by the French chemist
“Antoine Lavoisier”, around
1776.
 An acid- base reaction is a
chemical reaction that occurs,
between an acid and a base ,
which can be used to determine
the pH.
 Their importance becomes
apparent in analyzing acid- base
reaction for gaseous or liquid
species

7.  According to the classical definition a super acid is an
acid with an acidity greater than that of 100% pure
sulfuric acid , which has Hamette acidity function of -12.
 According to the modern definition a super acid is a
medium in which the chemical potential of the proton is
higher than in pure sulfuric acid.
 Examples :- Fluorosulfuric acid ,
Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid ( also called as triflic acid )
, anhydrous HF is also super acid.

9.  In chemistry , a super base is an extremely basic
compound or caustic substance ,that has a high
affinity for protons.
 Such bases are valuable in organic synthesis and are
fundamental to physical organic chemistry.
 The main classes of super bases are recognized :-
organic , organometallic , and Inorganic.
 EXAMPLES :- KOH , NaOH , LiOH , RbOH

10.  Organic super bases are almost always charge-
neutral, nitrogen containing species.
 Organo superbases exhibit low nucleophilicity
 Other organic compounds also meets the
physicochemical or structural definitions of
“superbase.”
 Multicyclic polyamines like DABCO might also be
loosely include in this category.

11.  Organometalic compound of reactive metals can be
superbases, including organolithium and
organomagnesium compound .
 Another type of organometalic superbase has a
reactive metals such as oxygen or nitrogen
INORGANIC SUPER BASES :-
• Inorganic super bases are typically salt – like
compound with small, highly charged anions
• Examples:- lithium nitride , potassium hydride ,
sodium hydride

12.  In petrochemistry , superacidic media are used as
catalyst, especially for alkylations .
 The solid acids are used for alkylating benzene with
ethene and propene as well as difficult acylations,
example of chlorobenzene.
 Super acids are used to create stable carbocations
 Carbocations are used for the polymerization of
plastic and the formation of high octane gasoline
 Super acids are only solvents for carbon nanotubes.

13.  CONCEPTS AND MODELS OF INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY ( THIRD EDITION )
- BY BODLE DOUGLAS , DARL MC DANIEL AND
JOHN ALEXANDER ( PAGE NO. 337 – 345)
 VOGELS QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
( SEVENTH EDITION )
 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – BY D.F SHRIVER ,
P.W. ATKINS AND C.H. LANGFORD
 https://en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/co- ordination