Lesson 1.4 (ten social)

1. Federal Provinces
of Nepal
Friday, August 2, 2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/20 1

2. 4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 2

3. 4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 3

4. 4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 4

5. Scanning
 The constitution of Nepal 2072 Bs has the provision of seven
provinces in Nepal. These provinces have been created in the
basis of their geography, resources and economic efficiency.
However, they may differ in their strength from one to another.
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 5

6. Execution of Federalism in Nepal
 The constitution of Nepal 2072 Bs has the provision of seven
provinces in Nepal. These provinces have been created in the
basis of their geography, resources and economic efficiency.
However, they may differ in their strength from one to another.
 Nepal has been divided into 7 provinces;
1. Province No. 1
2. Province No. 2
3. Province No. 3
4. Province No. 4 (Gandaki Pradesh)
5. Province No. 5
6. Province No. 6 (Karnali Pradesh)
7. Province No. 7 (Sudur Pachhim Pradesh)
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 6

7. 4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 7

8. Chief Minister of Province No. 1 Sherdhan Rai
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 8

9. 1. Province No. 1
 Province No. 1 lies in the eastern-most part of Nepal. It consists of 14 districts between
northern and southern national boarder of the country. In the north lies some
highest Himalayan peaks such as Everest (8,848m) and Kanchanjungha (8,586m).
The centre has captivating hills and the south is flat plain. The province borders with
India in the south and east, and China in the north.
 This province is drained by the Saptakoshi with its seven tributaries which are all fed
by the Himalayan snow. The Koshi is the largest river in entire Nepal and, like all
rivers, flows southward to join the Ganges in India. The Koshi has the largest capacity
of generating hydroelectricity. The Mechi flows along the eastern border with India
while the Kankai drains the centre. Naturally, the high north of this province is very
cold, not suitable for vegetation and agriculture. Pine forests and shrubs grow in
warmer areas. There are extensive grasslands further south. Cool and wet hills in the
centre are covered in deciduous monsoon forests. The hot Terai gets enough rain in
summer, brought by the monsoon winds form the Bay of Bengal. Sometimes the
incessant rain causes great havoc triggering landslides and floods. Sagarmatha
National Park and Kosh-tappu Wild Life Reserve are among the major protected with
ecological and economic value.
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 9

10. Contd … Province 1 …
 Province No. 1 has diverse population. The Himalayan region is inhabited by Sherpas
,Tamangs, Lepcha, Rajbansi, Koche, Meche etc. The Sherpas are famous porters,
mountaineers and guides. Their living standard is high. Rais and Limbus along with the
Brahmins and Chhetris abound the Hilly regin. The southern plain is inhabited by
people of various Terai communities along with Brahamins and Chhetries. The Rais and
the Limbus exclusively join the British and Indian armies. Religious sites such as Baraha
Kshetra, Pativara and Halesi Mahadev are popular among visitors.
 The chief occupation of the people of the southern part is farming. Fertile land,
sufficient rainfall and irrigation facilities are favourable for cultivation of diverse types of
food crops and cash crops. Cash crops such as jute, sugarcane and tobacco are cultivated
in the plain and lower hills. Ilam and Jhapa are very famous for tea gardens Cardamom
(Alaichi0 grows well n many hilly and mountainous districts such as Illam, Panchthar
and Tehrathum. These cash crops have good markets and are highly exported abroad.
 This province has made much progress in industry, trade and business. Biratnagar is a
famous industrial city in the whole country. It is the place where the first large scale
industries of Nepal started. They were the Biratanagar Jute mills (1993 BS) and Sugar
Factory (2003 BS). Many types of industries are running in several other places too such
as Itahari, Damak, Inaruwa, Dharan and Duhabi.
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 10

11. 4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 11

12. Chief Minister of Province No.2 Lal Babu Rawat
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 12

13. 2. Province No. 2
 The Province No. 2 elongates (stretches out) only in the Terai region
standing as the smallest province in Nepal. Though this province has
the huge potentiality of agricultural production and large-scale
industries, it also holds a grater significance for tourism and fishery.
However, it has the least possibility of hydro-electricity development.
The majority of the population is Madhesi, and the major ethnic
groups are Tharu, Dalit, Muslim and Yadav. Awadhi culture dominates
the region and Chhath and Eid are celebrated with great pomp and
show. The population density is the highest in the province in whole
nation i.e. 20% of the total population. The region is highly significant
in terms of trade and business and can collect good revenue from
custom duty due to its direct link with Indian borders. Birgunj is the
main trade transit to India. The dense forest known as Carkoshe Jadhi
lying in the northern part is valuable resource of this provice.
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 13

14. 4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 14

15. Chief Minister of Province No. 3 Dormani Paudel
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 15

16. 3. Province No. 3
 Standing as the third smallest province, this province is located
between Tibet (China) in the north and Province 2 in the south. This
is the most developed province since the federal capital, Kathmandu,
lies here. The number of industries is 979 and hydro-electricity
projects is 38 including the Upper Tamakoshi. The major mountain
peaks are Mt Ganesh (7163m), Mt Jugal , Mt Langtant (7205m), Mt
Gaurishankar (7134m) etc. The Tamakoshi, the Indrawati, the Trishuli,
the Narayani, the Kamala and the Bagamati rivers flow through this
province. People are involved in agriculture, industry and service. The
sites of tourist attractions such as the Kathmandu Valley, Nagarkot,
Nuwakot, Dhulikhel, Chitwan etc. are located in the province. The
major Nepal-China trade transit Tatopani also lies here. The main
inhabitants are Newar, Sherpa, Bhote, Brahmin, Chhetri, Dashnami,
Dalit, Jirel, Tamang, Magar, Tharu etc.
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 16

17. 4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 17

18. Chief Minister of Province No. 4 Prithivi Subba Gurung
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 18

19. 4. Province No. 4 (Gandaki Pradesh)
 Lying between China in the north and Province 5 in the south, the province is very
rich for lakes. Among them, Fewa, Rupa, Begnas, Khaste, Dipang and Thilicho are
notable. The province is drained by the tributaries of the river Saptagandaki (Kali
Gandaki, Budhi Gandaki, Seti Gandaki, Marsyangdi, Madi, Daraundi and Seti).
Therefore, this province holds good potentiality of hydro-electricity generation
with existing 29 hydro-electricity projects. The beautiful peaks such Annapurna-I
(8091m), Dhaulagiri (8176 m) Manaslu (8163m), Himalchili (7893 m) and
Machhapuchchhre (6993 m) add additional glory to the province. The people in
this province are mainly involve in agriculture, tourism. Service and foreign
employment. This province collect the highest remittance in Nepal. The province
is very rich for tourism with sufficient attractions for mountaineering, trekking,
rafting and paragliding. Tourists visit Annapurna Conservation Area, Ghale Gaun,
Bandipur, Upper Mustang, Kagbeni, Dhorpatan and Pokhara with the concept of
eco-tourism. The Himali valleys, also known as cold deserts, Manang and Mustang
have been attracting more tourists nowadays. The province has god prospects of
development with the best utilization of the perennial rivers and sufficient lakes.
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 19

20. 4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 20

21. Chief Minister of Province No. 5 Sankar Pokhrel
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 21

22. 5. Province No. 5
 The province 5 is bordered by India in the south and province 4,
7 and 6 in the east, west and north respectively. Thought
composed of the mixed population, the southern part is mainly
inhabited by Madhesi communities. The caste and ethnic groups
found in majority include Magar, Tharu, Brahmin, Chhetri, etc.
The province is drained by some famous rivers like Karnali,
Bheri, Rapti, Tinau, Babai, etc. The lakes are Satyawati,
Barakune, Badhigadh, etc. The glorious irrigation projects such
as Sikta, Babai, Bandganga, Tinau etc. have benefited a lot for
agricultural yield. The cultural universities like Sanskrit and
Lumbini Boudha Bishwobidhyalaya are promoting oriental
(eastern) culture. The availability of abundant natural resources
can serve positively in the development of this province.
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 22

23. 4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 23

24. Chief Minister of Province No. 6 Maharndra Bdr. Shahi4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 24

25. 6. Province No. 6 (Karnali Pradesh)
 Standing as the biggest in size, the province likes in the mid-western part of Nepal
without touching the plain Terai. It borders with Province 7 in the west, Province
5 in the south and east, a part of Province 4 in the east and China in the north. The
province is the poorest among other and is developmentally challenged due to
complex topography and harsh climate which is generally cold and dry. The major
inhabitants here are Thakuri, Chhetri, Brahmin, Dalit, Bhote etc. Mt Kanjirowa
(6612m), Mt Kanti (6859m), Mt Gorakh (6088 m) and Mt Changal (6563 m) are
remarkable peaks of the province. Besides religious sites and mountain peaks,
other touristic attractions of the province include lake Rara, (the biggest lake in
Nepal), lake Shey-Phoksundo, Bulbule Taal, etc. The rivers flowing here are Tila,
Thuli Bheri, Sani Bheri, Humla Karknai, Mugu Karnali, etc. Besides Humla and
Dolpa, all other districts have access to reads but they are very narrow, just
gravelled and risky. Surkhet, Dunai, Simikot and Jumal have been serving through
air transportation too. The province is fertile for fruits like apple, orange,
pomegranate, walnut, yarsagumba, etc. The crop known as ‘Jumli Marsi’ is very
popular breed of paddy produced in Jumla. There are big grasslands useful for
cattle reading and herbs.
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 25

26. 4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 26

27. Chief Minister of Province No. 7 Trilochan Bhatta4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 27

28. 7. Province No. 7 (Sudur Pachhim Pradesh)
 The province is located in the westernmost part of Nepal comprising
the complete portion of the Fare western Development Region. Its
borders are the river Karnali and Karnali Pradesh in the east, the river
Makakali and India in the west and south, and China in the north. It is
the second smallest province of Nepal but has very good potentiality
of external trade. Mt Api (7132 m), Mat Saipal (7025 m) Mt Yokpahad
(6644 m) Mt. Lassa (6189 m), lake Khaptad and lake Godhagodhi
stand as the glories of the province. Brahmin, Thakuri, Chhetir,
Chhetri, Tharu, etc are the main inhabitants here. The province is
remote and developmentally challenged too. About 44% of people in
the Hills and 49% in the Himalayan districts live below the poverty
line. The province has limited access to basic services and has complex
socio-economic structures. There are both widespread gender and
caste based discriminations. Many evil practices such as Dowry,
Deuki, Chhaupadi, etc. are badly rooted in the societies. People
mainly got to India for seasonal employment. Despite such hazards,
this province holds a very big prospect for development.
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 28

29. Homework
1. Province no 6 is made up of the most part of
the former Mid-western Development
Region that remained most backward
throughout the 3 decades of regional
practice. This is the only region without its
border with India. The Terai part of the
development region has been detached
from this province now. What might be its
challenges? Discuss and list few points.
4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 29

30. 4/29/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/16 30