The document outlines essential health and safety procedures for workshop environments, emphasizing personal protective equipment (PPE) and general safety practices. It discusses the classification of fire types, emergency first aid procedures, and identifying and mitigating workplace hazards. Additionally, it provides guidelines for maintaining a safe working environment, tool care, and the importance of quick response to accidents and injuries.

1. SAFETY IN THE
WORKSHOP
Presented by:
Mr. B. Elliott
General Construction Instructor
Copyright MHS/PVTC2010

2. 1. GENERAL AND PERSONAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES
 PERSONAL SAFETY PROCEDURES: Has to do with
the way in which a person is attired for the workshop
or worksite for practical activity.
 Always wear your personal protective equipment (ppe)
 Do not wear defective ppe

3. GENERAL AND PERSONAL HEALTH
AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND
PROCEDURES
 GENERAL SAFETY PROCEDURES: has to do
with the general working environment.
 Clean up all spills immediately
 Keep workshop clean
 Ensure all machine guards are in place before
use.

4. 1.2 APPROPRIATE HEALTH AND
SAFETY MATERIALS, ACCESSORIES
 Accessories: Any thing that can be added to
something else in order to make it more useful,
versatile, or attractive.
 Safety materials: items used to prevent injury
or damage to someone or something

5. 1.2 APPROPRIATE HEALTH AND
SAFETY MATERIALS, ACCESSORIES
 Equipment: supplies; items; instruments, tools
or other things needed for completing a specific
task
 Tools: A device, equipment or gadget, esp. one
held in the hand, that is used to perform or carry
out a particular task or function

6. 1.2 APPROPRIATE HEALTH AND
SAFETY MATERIALS, ACCESSORIES
 Gear: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)or
clothing - Specialized clothing or equipment worn
by employees for protection against health and
safety hazards. Personal protective equipment is
designed to protect many parts of the body, i.e.,
eyes, head, face, hands, feet, and ears. Work
related examples include shatter proof safety
glasses, steel toed work boots, construction site
helmets, leather aprons and so on

7. FIRES
Fires can be classified into Five groups – A, B,
C, D and K.
Class A fires are common combustible materials
such as wood, cloth, paper and packing materials.
Class B fires are of flammable liquids such as petrol,
kerosene, oil, grease, fat, wax, paint, thinners
lacquers and solvents.
Class C fires involve live electrical equipment such
as light fittings, motors, generators, cables, wiring,
switches, switchboards and electronic equipment.

8.  Class D fires involve combustible metals
such as magnesium, potassium, and
sodium.
 Class K fires are caused by household
chemicals such as aerosol spray, candles,
nail polish remover, acetone, etc.

10. FIRE EXTINGUISHER AND THEIR
USE(S)
EXTINGUISHER TYPE HOW IT WORK EFFECTIVE
AGAINST
Pressurized water or
Ordinary combustible
cooling class A fires
Carbon dioxide or
Flammable liquid
smothering classes B & C
fires
Multipurpose dry
powder or Flammable gas
smothering classes A, B & C
fires
Dry chemical for
combustible metal or
Combustible metals
smothering class D fires
Wet chemicals cooling &
smothering
classes A, B and
Kitchen fires

11. EXAMPLES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Dry Chemical Halon Water Carbon Dioxide

12. FIRE FIGHTING
 As with all workplace hazards, fire should be dealt with immediately
and quickly. Various types of portable fire extinguishers, fire
blankets, hoses and water can be used to extinguish fires.
 If you observe a fire, here are some useful tips of SAFETY:
• Sound alarm
• Advise fire brigade
• Fight fire
• Evacuate
• Tell everyone to get clear
• You get clear
Never use water on a Class B fire as it may Spread the burning liquid.

13. PROCEDURES TO USE AN
EXTINGUISHER
1. Remove extinguisher from rack/box
2. Hold upright, pull ring pin
3. Start back 10 feet, hold flexible
hose with one hand aiming the
nozzle at the base of flame
4. Squeeze operating handle or lever;
sweep from side to side

14. 1.3 DEFINITION OF FIRST AID
This is the emergency
care/treatment given to a victim of
sudden injury or illness before more
skilful or professional medical care is
given/accessed

15. IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID
First aid may save a life or improve
certain vital signs including pulse,
temperature, a patient
(unobstructed) airway, and
breathing.
In minor emergencies, first aid may
prevent a victim’s condition from
worsening and provide relief from
pain.

16. ACCIDENT
An accident is an unexpected, unplanned
and undesirable event, which causes – or
nearly causes – human injury or damage to
property.
Examples: falling from a ladder, objects falling
from overhead, etc.
Accidents mean suffering and loss for everyone!
Accidents seldom just happen – they are usually
caused!

17. CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
 Carelessness - Fooling around, running about.
Paying no regard for others working near you.
Not paying attention to safety rules.
 Ignorance – of the dangers of a machine or
tool, and of safety precautions.
 Unsuitable clothing – Large, loose clothing,
unbuttoned shirt, wearing neckties.
 Untidiness – Overcrowded passageways,
objects on the floor, grease or oil on the floor.

18.  Hand Tools – Using dull blunt or broken tools.
Using incorrect tools.
 Exposed Eyes – Not wearing proper eye
protection during practical work.
 Machine Tools – No knowledge of how to
operate machines. No permission to use
machines. Machine tools and parts not
secured properly.
 Lifting Objects – Lifting anything that is too
heavy for you to manage.

19. INJURY
 A instance of physical harm or damage
suffered
 Examples: fractures, burns, bruises, strains,
Sprains, etc

20. EMERGENCY
 A sudden and unexpected event
requiring immediate attention
 Example: weak or slow breathing, heart
stops, Injuries of the skin(2nd
& 3rd
degree
burns and fractures)

21. FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Assessing the situation(what to treat first)
1. Don’t panic: psychological support is essential
2. Remember the ABC’s of life support
Airway open: open and maintain victim’s airway
Breathing restored: if not breathing, begin rescue
breathing technique
Circulation maintained: if no pulse is present, begin
CPR (by blowing 1 rescue breath into victims mouth
after each 5 external cardiac compressions)

22. 3. Check for bleeding: a) apply direct pressure
b) Elevate injured limb only if it doesn’t cause further
pain or injury c)Apply pressure on supplying artery.
Only use a tourniquet for severe life threatening
hemorrhage as a last resort when all other
measures fail.
4. Look for signs of shock and broken bones
(fractures)
5. Look for an emergency medical identification tag
on the victim’s wrist, ankle or neck.

23. 6. Get professional medical help quickly.
Know emergency numbers. Telephone
appropriate authorities and describe the
problem. Be sure to give your name,
location and the number of persons
involved.
7. Loosen any clothing that may restrict
victim’s breathing or interfere with
circulation.

24. 8. Never give an unconscious person
anything by mouth.
9. Do not move injured persons unless
situation is life threatening. Keep victim
still, quiet and warm (except heat
exhaustion and sun stroke). Victim with
broken bones should not be moved until a
splint has been properly applied

25. BODY PRESSURE POINTS

26. IDENTIFY SAFETY HAZARDS
 Health and safety hazards exist on construction
worksites; therefore, it is your responsibility to
first, identify the hazards and then take the
necessary actions to minimize the risks.
 All workplaces have hazards that could cause
injury or illness. These situations not only cause
personal suffering and loss of income, but also
loss of productivity and property damage.

27. HAZARDS
 Anything that can expose a person to
danger or injury.
 Hazardous situations, if detected early and
corrected speedily, can significantly reduce
the chances of accidents occurring.

28. TYPES OF WORKPLACE HAZARDS
Tripping: cluttered work area, unsecured extension
cords, obstacles in walkway, protruding objects,
Limited storage space – results in materials not being
stacked correctly to facilitate easy retrieval
Health: Fumes and gases - exposure to toxic
substances and chemicals; Dust - exposure during
sanding and clean up activities; Garbage in workshop,
improper lifting technique
Electrical-improper grounding, use of extension
cords with worn insulation, exposed wires or misuse of
electrical equipment, trailing electric leads

29.  Chemical: Solids, Liquids, Gases
 Mechanical: faulty equipment and
machinery, Malfunctioning machinery
 Physical: Noise, Heat, Sun, Vibration,
Manual handling of tools and equipment,
Poor lighting – tools cannot be applied
effectively in areas that are not well lit
 Fire: use of heat gun not in accordance
with directions, improper storage of
flammable Substances, oily rags

30. CAN YOU IDENTIFY EACH HAZARD?

31. WHAT TO DO
When you have identified safety
hazards in your work environment,
you need to take the necessary
steps to implement procedures to
reduce risk to self and others. These
include:
Using correct tools and equipment
and reporting defective equipment

32. WHAT TO DO
 Wearing appropriate Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE)
 Handling materials safely
 Adhering to workplace, environmental
and safety regulations.
 Securing hazardous materials and
substances

33.  Reporting incidents, illnesses or injuries
to your supervisor immediately
 Reporting potentially hazardous
situations promptly to your supervisor
 Using fire fighting equipment and
carrying out first-aid procedures in the
event of an emergency

34. 1.4 SAFE AND HEALTHY WORKING
ENVIRONMENT
A safe and secure working environment
is one which eliminates or minimizes:
1.The chances of fire occurring
2.Accidents such as falls, cuts, burns,
electrical shocks
3.Theft
4.Fraud

35. SAFE AND HEALTHY WORKING
ENVIRONMENT
Falls: to reduce the chance of
someone falling, the following may
be used:
1.Non skid mats on surfaces which
may be slippery
2.Appropriate safety signs such as
“wet floor”, “watch your step”

36. SAFE AND HEALTHY WORKING
ENVIRONMENT
Theft: use burglar alarm, door
chains, security camera,
Fire: use fire extinguisher, fire
alarm, smoke detector, wet blanket,
sprinkler, sand

37. WASTE DISPOSAL
Rubbish and scraps should be placed
in containers until disposal can be
made. Instead of burning treated
wood, bury or place them in an
ordinary trash collection bin or
dumpster which should be placed on
the site.

38. HYGIENIC PRACTICES AND
REQUIREMENTS
Hair care, mouth care, regular
bath, changing clothing regular,
use appropriate deodorants, wash
hands after working, etc.

39. STORAGE OF MATERIALS AND
SUPPLIES
Place building materials and
supplies in neat piles.
Locate materials and supplies to
allow adequate aisle and walkways.
Keep flammable chemicals/liquids
properly covered.

40. 1.5 ACCIDENT REPORT

41. 1.6 CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TOOLS,
EQUIPMENT AND MACHINES
 keep tools securely held and ensure that when
working with tools the operator has a good firm
foothold, is well balanced
 ensure the floor is clean
 Always use the right tool for the job. Only use tools
for the purpose for which they were designed.
 Always use the right size tool
 Use protective eye gear at all times when necessary.

42. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TOOLS,
EQUIPMENT AND MACHINES
 When using a cutting tool, such as a saw, take particular
care to ensure that the work piece is held in a vice or clamp
 Keep your free hand well away from the cutting edge of the
tool
 Always keep cutting tools guarded when not in use, or
when being transported.
 Always be careful with any striking tool, use the appropriate
tool for the job.
 Protect your body from the tool and, where relevant, from
any flying remains or chips produced by using the tool

43. GRADED ACTIVITY #1
Write the local number(s) and emergency
numbers (where applicable) for the following
authorities:
 Police
 Fire Department
 Ambulance
 Sea & Air rescue
 Child Development Agency
 Local Hospital

44. ACTIVITY
1. Develop a scenario (Role play) in which
an accident occurred in the working
environment and present measures to
correct the problem and prevent future
accidents. Your facilitator and your
peers will assess your play.

45. CHECKPOINT
 What do you consider to be the main factors
which contribute to the safe use of tools?
 List eight (8) safety requirements for using
hand tools.
 Outline some of the hazards to which you are
exposed while using hand tools and
 Recommend appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE) that will guard against those
hazards.

46. THE END