3. What is the compaction of
soil?
๏ Soil compaction is the compression of soil
particles.
๏ Compaction reduces total pore space of a soil.
๏ More importantly it significantly reduces the
amount of large pore space, restricting air and
water movement into and through the soil.
ย
4. Definition of Compaction
โข The densification of soil by the application of
mechanical energy is known as compaction.
5. To increase
soil strength
To improve the
stability of soil
To reduce soil
permeability
To reduce
erosion
damage
REQUIREMENT OF SOIL COMPACTION
9. Smooth Wheel Rollers
Smooth wheel rollers are one of the most
common types of compaction equipment used.
Weighing from 5 to 15 tones.
They are suitable for compacting sand, gravel,
broken stones etc.
They are used for compacting highway base
courses.
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10.
11.
12. Sheep foot rollers
โข In this type, on the outer surface of a metal
cylinder, metal pieces of the shape of sheep
foot are fixed.
โข Weight of drum is about 1.5 to 10 tonne.
โข It is suitable for compacting cohesive
soil(clays).
13.
14.
15. Pneumatic rollers
โข machine consists of a number of rubber tires,
highly inflates.
โข The rear of which has one more wheel than the
front.
โข Most suitable for compacting fine-grained soil
and well graded sands.
18. Grid rollers
โข As the name suggests, these rollers have a
cylindrical heavy steel surface consisting of a
network of steel bars forming a grid with
squire holes.
โข The weight of this roller can be increased by
ballasting with concrete blocks.
19.
20.
21. Tamping Rollers
๏ These rollers are similar to sheep foot
rollers with lugs of larger area than sheep
foot rollers.
๏ tamping rollers have static weights in the
range of 15 to 40 tonnes.
๏ tamping rollers are best suitable for
compacting cohesive soils.
25. Vibrating rollers
๏Similar to smooth wheel rollers with the
modification of rotating drums.
๏Very expansive but have high output and
performance.
26. Vibrating plates Compactors
โข These equipments are used for small areas.
The usual weights of these machines
โข vary from 100 kg to 2 tonnes with plate areas
between 0.16 m and 1.6 m .
27.
28.
29.
30. Rammers
โข Rammers are used for compacting small areas
by providing impact load to the soil.
โข This equipment is light and can be hand or
machine operated.
โข The base size of rammers can be 15cm x 15cm
or 20cm x 20cm or more.
35. Internal vibrator
๏It is the most commonly used vibrator.it
is also known as Needle vibrator or
Immersion vibrator or Poker vibrator.
๏It is consists of a power unit, a flexible
shaft and a needle.
๏Such vibrators are used for compacting
large sections of mass concrete in
structures, for concrete of foundations,
columns, beams etc.
36.
37. External vibrator (form vibrator)
๏ Form vibrators are particularly effective
on columns and in the casting of preast
units such as pipes, slabs, piles etc.
๏ The vibrator is clamped on to the external
wall surface of the formwork.
๏ It will produce a good finish to the
concrete surface.
40. Table vibrator
โข The vibrating tables consists of a rigidly built
steel platform mounted on flexible springs
and is driven by an electric motor.
โข Small size table vibrator is known as platform
vibrator.
โข They are commonly used for vibrating
concrete cubes.
43. Surface vibrator
๏ Surface vibrators are also known as
screed vibrators.
๏ It is suitable for compacting and leveling
of thin concrete members, such as floor
slabs, roof slabs and road slabs.
๏ Surface vibrators cause movement of
finer material to the top and hence aid
the finishing operation.
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