2. Presented by: Maimoona Ambreen
Tayyaba Jameel
Presented to: Mam Zaib un Nisa Asif
Department Life Sciences
Islamia university Bahawalpur
3. Sex linkage in human
Colour blindness
Causes of colour blindness
Types of colour blindness
Examples of colour blindness
Transformaation of colour blindness
Test cross
Symptoms
Detection
effects
4. Sex linkage is
the phenotypic expression of
an allele related to
the allosome (sex chromosome)
of the individual
5. • Twenty genes in human are
sex linked
• Red green colour blindness
and hemo philia
• Both these diseases are sex
linked recessive traits
6.
7. Colour blindness is a
condition in which
individuals have difficulty
in distinguishing red from
green
8. E.B Wilson firstly discovered facts about hereditary
colour blindness
It is genetic disease and inherited from mother to
child
Genes for colour blindness present on X-chromosome
Colour blindness occurs in about 8% males and only
0.5% in females
Some people become colour blind due to other
diseases like diabetes and medication and multiple
sclerosis
9. Protanolay
Which reduce the sensitivity to red
colour
Deuteranomaly
Which reduce sensitivity to green colour
Tritanomaly
Which reduce sensitivity to blue colour
10.
11.
12.
13. Deuteranopia- Green cone is blind
Deuteranomaly- Green cone is weak
Protanopia- Red cone is blind
Protanomaly- Red cone is weak
Tritanopia- Blue cone is blind
Tritanomaly- Blue cone is weak
14. Why colour blindness is occure more in males instead of
females
Father transfer his x chromosome to all daughters and
mother transfer her x-chromosome
Son will be colour blind and daughter will be normal if
his mother is carrier and father is normal
Colour blind daughter will be produce only when his
father is colour blind and mother is carrier or colour
blind
Since such marriages are very rare
15. If mother is
normal and father
is colour blind.
Then son will be
normal and
daughter will be
carrier.
16. If motheris carrier and
father is colour blind
50 percent chances
daughters m
ay be colour blind or
carrier
50 percent chances
that son will be normal
or colour blind
17. If mother is colour
blind and father is
normal
All sons will be
colour blind and all
daughters will be
carriers
18. Symptoms of color blindness could range from mild
to severe. Examples would be difficult distinguishing
between colors, or inability to see shades of the same
color. Rapid eye movement could occur in rare causes, and
Sensitivity of bright light. They could also suffer from
having trouble seeing the brightness of color in the usual
way. Inability to tell the differences between shades of the
same or similar colors. Particularly red and green or blue
and yellow.
19. It can be detected by
using special charts
made up of coloured
dots
These dots are so
arranged that coloured
blind person can see a
defferent pattern
20. Effects of color blindness are difficult distinguishing color
such as blue and yellow or red and green. Problems can
arise in some simple activities such as choosing and
preparing food, gardening, sport, driving a car and
selecting clothing. Trouble can arise by not being able to
pick up a change in someone’s mood or a change in the
color of their face, or in some parents cases, notice their
child getting sunburn.
Food can look repulsive or unappealing due to the change
of the color a colorblind person can see.