modern sustainable approaches

1. Pest management in sustainable
agriculture
By
Shahab ali
Class no: 66
Deptt: Agronomy
The university of agriculture Peshawar

2. What is Pest
Everything which is harmful or unwanted for raising crops or
plants is called pest. It may be weeds ,insects or micro
organisms.

3. How To Control
There are many sustainable practices by which we can control
weeds ,insects pest and pathogens without any damage to
plants and environment.

4. 1.Cultural Methods or Agronomic Practices:
 Use of resistant varieties
 Crop rotation
 Crop residues destruction
 Conservative Tillage of soil
 Variation in time of planting or harvesting

5. Conti....
 Pruning or thinning
 Proper spacing
 Inter cropping
 Crop sanitation
 Water management
 Planting of trap crops
 Mulching
 Allelopathy
 Bio fumigation

6. 2. Mechanical or physical control:
 Hand destruction
 Hand ploughing
 Exclusion by barriers
 Use of traps
 Application of sticky traps,
 Bird netting

7. Cont...
• Application of heat,
• Hot water treatment
• Exposing of infested grain to sun
• Manipulation of moisture
• Burning

8. 3. Biological control :
a. By Natural enemies i-e Predators .

10. Natural Herbicides
i) Phyto Herbicides
 GINGER (Zingiber officianale)
 Rhizome – Extract juice and use as spray against
Cercospora leaf mold, leaf spot,early blight and
frogeye disease.

11.  PAPAYA(Carica papaya)
Leaves – Pound, soak in water and use infusion as spray.
This is effective Against Cercospora and Diplodia.

12. AMARANTH (Amaranthus gracilis)
 Leaves – Extract juice of one kg leaves, then mix in
three litters of water and spray against
 Altenaria
 Cercospora
 Colletotrichum
 Curvularia
 Helminthusporium, and Pestalotia.

13.  CUSTARD (Annona aquamosa)
Seeds – Powder and disperse in water, then strain and
use as spray against rice pest.

14. GARLIC (Allium sativum)
 Cloves – Chop finely, soak in two teaspoon of oil for
one day. Mix with half litter of soapy water and filter.
Mix one part solution with 20 parts water, then spray.

15. Disease organisms controlled by Garlic spray
 Alternaria, Cercospora,
 Colletotrichum, Curvularia,
 Diplodia, Fusarium,
 Helmitosporium, and Pestalotia
 fruit rot, early blight, purple blotch,
 leaf spot, leaf mold, frogeye,
 anthracnose, fruit rot,
 smudge, leaf blight,
 fruit and stem rot, damping off,
 stem &root rot, wilt, and curly top.

16. Some Insect pest control Measures ;
White Flies Control measures:
 1. Spray with soap and nicotine solution.
 2. Use tobacco dust.
 3. In every serious case, use kerosene emulsion with soap
and water.

17. Aphids / Green / Black fly
Control measures : Makabuhay (Tinospora rumphi) –
Roots, stem and leaves liquid extract mix with water
and soap is a good spray against….
 flies,
 aphids, moth,
 worm and other insects.

18. Caterpillars Control measures:
 1. Spray kerosene emulsion and wet the egg clusters to
destroy them.
 2. Introduce natural enemies in the environment like
Braconids and other beneficial insects and predators.

19. Mealy bugs Control measures:
 1. Spray alcohol on the mealy bugs. It penetrates the
waxy shell like protective cover, killing the insect.
 2. Spraying kerosene with tobacco and soap plus
Malathion is effective for field control of orchard fruit
trees like mango.