quizlet religion in America

1. Hinduism
Explain the benefits and issues that may be found in either Karma or
Reincarnation.

2. Indus Valley Period
3000-1500 B.C.E.
Nature gods and Mother Goddess
Some may be current Hindu gods
Shiva
Mohenjo-daro & Harappa
Advanced archaeology

3. Indus River Valley

6. Brahmanical Period
1500-600 B.C.E.
Indo-Aryan tribes
Sanskrit
Early caste system
Priests
Warriors
Food-gatherers
Sacrificial rituals

7. Texts
Brahmanas - “pertaining to priestly function”
4 Vedas - “that which has been heard”
Earliest dated ~1500 B.C.E.
Rig Veda
Upanishads - “to sit down near”
~900-800 B.C.E. and on

8. Buddhist & Shramana Period
600 B.C.E. - 300 C.E.
Shramana
“To exert oneself” “to practice austerities.”
Rejects Brahmin authority
Gautama - The Buddha - 563-483 B.C.E.
Vardhamana - Jain - 549-477 B.C.E.
Bhakti - Devotion
Puja - image worship

9. Classical Hindu Period
300-1200 C.E.
Accommodation of Brahmins
Literature
Mahabharata
Bhagavad Gita
Ramayana
Rama and Sita
Puranas - “old tales”
Dharmashastras - Law books

10. Muslim Period
1200 - 1757 C.E.
Mughal Dynasty
Times of tolerance and intolerance
Desire to differentiate Hindus from Muslims
Vegetarians, ahimsa, and cows symbolism

11. Modern Period1757 - Present
British
British East India Company
Independence in 1947
Neo-Hindu Reformist - Nationalist Movement
International Reform - Movements incorporating non-Indian traditions
Vivekananda - Spread to America
Gandhi - Reform in India

13. Trimurti
Brahma
Vishnu
Shiva

14. Brahma - Creator

15. Vishnu
Preserver
Vishnavas

16. Avatars of Vishnu

17. Shiva - Destruction
Shaivas

18. Shaktas
Followers of Power; goddess

19. Ultimate
Brahman - The Absolute
Atman - Self
Brahman = Atman

20. Karma
Cosmic principle that governs all
“action”
Good vs. Bad

21. Samsara & Moksha
Samsara - cycle of birth and rebirth
Moksha - “release” or liberation from
Samsara

22. Yogas
Jnana - discipline of knowledge
Karma - discipline of action
Bhakti - discipline of devotion

23. 4 Purposes of Life
Dharma - “duty”
Artha - “wealth”
Kama - “desire”
Moksha - “release”

24. 4 Stages of Life
Student
Householder
Forestdweller
Sannyasin

25. Caste
Brahmins - Priests
Kshatriyas - Warriors
Vaishya - Merchant
Shudra - Peasant
Dalit - Untouchable

26. Hinduism in America
Puja rooms
Astrology
Horoscopes