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Islam pp1 (1)
- 1. IslamIslam
- 2. MuhammedMuhammed Birth 570-632 CE Mecca Saudi Arabia Raised by grandfather and then uncle Uncle was Abu Talib Career Caravan driver When married, he owned a caravan company with wife. Marriage Married Khadijah 595 CE Great marriage Married many women after her death
- 3. JourneyJourney Religious experience Polytheistic Supreme god was Allah but not only god First revelation was at Mount Hira Bright being with cloth covered with writing Thought to be Angel Gabriel Uncertainty before talking to Khadijah Night Journey or Night of Ascent 620 CE Taken at night to Jerusalem where he ascended to heaven Saw Jesus and Abraham (Great Prophets) Confirmation that he was prophet
- 4. Night JourneyNight Journey Confirmation of Muhammad being the last prophet is called
- 5. SpreadSpread Initial spread Revelations continued Shared with family and close friends His wife, cousin and friend were first Muslims “people who submit” Mecca Religious center of Arabia Kabah Cubic structure with meteorite believed to have fallen from heaven in it Also in it were roughly 360 images of gods and goddesses and statues
- 7. “Flight” from Mecca Persecution rose in Mecca for his believers Fled in 622 CE Muslim calendar dates this year as 1 because of its importance Left to Medina “city of the prophet Formally called Yathrib Established first Mosque – worship center Gaining control 624 CE war between Mecca and Medina (Yathrib) Medina with Muslims won Muhammad returned in 630 CE Destroyed images Spread his revelations
- 8. EssentialsEssentials Islam “submit” Muslim “One who submits to God (Allah).” Allah Al “the” ilah “God”
- 9. 5 Pillars5 Pillars Creed “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger.” Declaration of belief Monotheistic Prayer 5 times a day; before dawn, midday, midafternoon, sunset, nighttime Muezzin – announcement to pray called out of minaret (tower) Face Mecca Friday sermon
- 10. 5 Pillars5 Pillars Charity to the Poor A tax of ~2.5% of all that one owns Voluntary care of poor vs. government welfare programs Fasting during Ramadan In remembrance of the first revelation Muhammad received 9th month of the year No food, liquid, tobacco, and sex Dawn till Dusk Pilgrimage to Mecca Hajj Encouraged once in every Muslim’s life Ends with animal sacrifice (Feast of Sacrifice)
- 11. QurQur’an’an “Recitation” Spoken by Allah and recited by Muhammad Calif – “successor” Muhammad’s successors wrote down the revelations and put them in one version Began with Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s friend Only fully authoritative translation is Arabic Believed it cannot be translated because some meaning can be lost in translation Miracle Muhammad and followers were illiterate Only miracle Muhammad performed Order 114 Suras Longer Suras were in the beginning and shorter in the end
- 12. HijabHijab Discussion question: After reading the excerpt on p. 153, what is your view on the Hijab in and outside America?
- 13. HijabHijab Women’s rights Ancient culture treated women as property Women gain Right to divorce Required religious duties like men are Protection of women Modest dress Extreme covers has later been established Veil or head covering Leaving with companion Traveling with permission
- 14. Spread of IslamSpread of Islam
- 16. Movements in the U.S.A.Movements in the U.S.A. Nation of Islam Founded by Elijah Muhammed Malcom X Muhammed Ali Separation of Black and White people