teaching pronunciation by david nunan

1. PRONUNCIATION
Barbara seidlhofer

2. INTRODUCTION
Pronunciation in language learning mean production and
perception of the significant sound of specific language in order
to achieve meaning in language use.
This contain production and perception of segmental
sound,stressed and unstressed syllables and also speech melody or
intonation.

3. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
International phonetic association (IPA)

4. PRONUNCIATION IS IMPORTANT FOR:
• Silent way method :
Sound production
Intonation and stress
Communicative language teaching (CLT):
• Pronunciation practice
• Intelligible pronunciation is important
• Emphasis on communicative activity
Community language learning(CLL)
• pronunciation practice

5. ROLE OF PRONUNCIATION
• Pronunciation in individual and social life
• Pronunciation in language use and language system
• Pronunciation in pedagogy

6. RESEARCH ON LINGUISTIC
DESCRIPTION:
• Suprasegmental:
• Coexist with multiple segment and cannot be
discretely ordered with them.
• Including
intonation,linking,reduction,stress,rhythm,and fluency.
• require students to put effort in listening to and
communicating with native.
• Pay much more attention to how they utilize these
features while speaking,and then try to keep
practicing.

7. • Segmental
• Any discrete unit that can be identified,either physically or
auditory.
• Specifically,phonetics and phonology term in linguistic.
• separated and individual,such as consonant and also
vowels, and occur in a distinct temporal order.

8. WHY TEACHING PRONUNCIATION?
• English is the major lingua franca globally.
• People need to use English for social,education,and professional reasons
in all kind of contexts,locally and internationally.
• It is essential that people who use English to communicate have a high
level of intelligibility.

9. WHAT TO TEACH?
• Sounds vowels-consonant-diphthong segmental
• Stress and intonation word and sentence
suprasegmentals
• Rhythm and linking speech and sentences

10. SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND
PEDAGOGY
• SLA is a process through which learner acquire second or foreign
language.
• Intelligibility is consider to be a more reasonable and realistic goal.
• Interference or negative transfer is a potential obstacle in learning
pronunciation.
• Vowel combination sound
• Homophones(red-read)
• Specific consonant sound( /th/sh/)

11. KEY POINT IN TEACHING
PRONUNCIATION
Perception and production
Practice more than once
Patience
Relaxing atmosphere,confidence building,awareness raising
 focus on communication

12. PRACTICE
• Elicited mechanical production: sound pattern manipulation without communicative reason and without offering learner
chance for making motivated choices of sound and stress pattern.
• Listen and repeat : involve learner in imitating chunks of language provided by teacher or recording , popular in language
lab exercises.
• Discrimination practice: student listen an pay attention for sound contrasts to train their ears.
• Sound for meaning contrast:while ‘’listen and repeat’’ is drill-like,exercises can make them more meaningful for the learner
to focus on sound
• Cognitive analysis: some methodological option in cognitive analysis area:
• 1)Talking about it 2)phonetic training 3)teaching learner phonemic script 4)giving simple and comprehensive rule 5)
comparison of L1andL2 sound system 6)analysis of sound in word or texts 7) looking up the pronunciation of new word in
dictionary.
• Communication activity and game: more focus on engage student to communicate purpose or outcome
• Whole brain activity: intention of this practice is to activate learner right hemisphere and also relaxation techniques.
• Learning strategies: aiming to foster learner autonomy and enable student to develop strategies for copy on their own
and continue learning.
• Select one of this practice is depend on teacher decision and also learner age and weaknesses

13. CONCLUSION
• Pronunciation is more important than it seems to be and has always been acknowledged
that it is fundamental part of one oral ability in the target language.
• Students need intensive contact with good pronunciation model in the beginning of the
learning process.
• The goal of teaching pronunciation is to enable students to become ‘’not perfect
pronouncers of English but intelligible, communicative,confident users of spoken English for
whatever purposes they need.