Traditional Agroforestry System in India- Shifting Cultivation, Taungya, Home...
Bio Annaiah.pptx
1.
2. Seminar -I
Recent advances in seed
technological aspects of biofuel
plant species.
By
Annaiah Gollar
Pgs14agr6546
3. • Introduction
• Biofuel crops
• Recent advances in biofuel crop
production
• Case studies
• Conclusion
Content
3
4. • BIOFUELS are liquid or gaseous fuels
produced from biomass resources and used in
place of, or in addition to, diesel, petrol or
other fossil fuels for transport, stationary,
portable and other applications.
• The term biofuel is used here to mean any
liquid fuel made from plant material.
• A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through
contemporary biological processes.
• Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or
indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic,
and/or industrial wastes.
WHAT ARE BIOFUELS?
4
5. • Commercial utilization of tree borne oilseeds as
biofuel resources is one of the urgent requirements to
cope up with the shortage of fuel.
• Biofuels are drawing increasing attention
worldwide.
• Biofuels include relatively familiar ones, such as
ethanol made from sugar cane or diesel-like fuel
made from soybean oil, to less familiar fuels crops.
WHAT ARE BIOFUELS?
5
6. • CATEGORIES
• First generation biofuels (Bioalcohols,
Biodiesel, Vegetable oil, Bioethers, Biogas)
• Second generation biofuels (advanced
biofuels like biohydrogen, biomethanol)
• Third generation biofuels (micro-
organisms like algae)
WHAT ARE BIOFUELS?
6
7. WHY BIOFUELS?
• SUSTAINABILITY
• POLLUTION THREAT
• REDUCTION OF GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
• REGIONAL (RURAL) DEVELOPMENT
• SOCIAL STRUCTURE & AGRICULTURE
8. IMPORTANCE OF BIODIESEL
• Environment friendly
• Clean burning
• Renewable fuel
• No engine modification
• Increase in engine life
• Biodegradable and non-toxic
• Easy to handle and store
9. Biofuel production(1000 barrels /day)
Country 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
North
America
666.479 769.693 916.244 1004.719 975.958
India 5.200 3.016 2.413 8.048 7.238
World wide 1477.321 1634.905 1886.392 1951.800 1901.348
10. Biofuel crops
• Jatropha (Jatropha curcas)
• Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata)
• Simarouba (Simarouba glauca)
• Mahua (Mhua indica)
• Neem (Azadirachta indica)
• And other oil seed crops
11. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas)
• Jatropha curcas is considered to have
originated in Latin America,.
• It belongs to family Euphorbiaceae.
• Jatropha is one of the important biofuel crop.
• It is reported to grow in marginal areas.
• ‘jatropha seed oil’is very important.
12. • Jatropha oil is an important emerging, low-
cost and smokeless alternative of petrol, diesel
• For reducing the dependence on crude oil and
to achieve energy independence by the year
2012, jatropha has been promoted under the
National Biodiesel Mission in India.
13. Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata)
• It is also known as Karanj
• It belongs to family Fabaceae
• It is native to humid and subtropical
environments,
• Karanj can grow on most soil types ranging
from stony to sandy to clay
14. • Seeds of Pongamia have about 25-30 per cent
oil
• Most of the physical and chemical properties
of the oil is almost similar to those of the
diesel
• Pongamia oil is also used as a fuel for cooking
and lamps, as a lubricant, water-paint binder,
pesticide, etc...
15. Simarouba (Simarouba glauca)
• It is native to Central America.
• It belongs to family Simaroubaceae.
• It is evergreen multipurpose tree.
• It grows well even on marginal land under
water stress .
• This tree was first introduced to india by
NBPGR in Amaravathi (MH) research station
in 1966 and UAS Banglore in 1986.
16. • It is mainly propagated through seed .
• Seed have short viability of 2-3 months.
• Fresh seeds have germination about 60%.
17. Mahua (Mahua indica)
• It is commonly known as mahua (Hippe).
• It belongs to family sapotaceae.
• It is medium size large size deciduous tree.
• It grows well under marginal soils.
• It is drought tolerant and frost hardy plant.
• It is normally propagated through seeds
• Seeds are used for manufacture of biofuel ,
washing soaps , lubricants etc…
18. Neem(Azadirachta indica)
• It belongs to family Meliaceae.
• It is typically grown in tropical and
semitropical region.
• It is noted for its drought tolerance.
• It is medicinally important crop.
• Neem seed oil is used in manufacture of
medicines and biofuels.
19. Oil content of biofuel crops .
Plant name Botanical name Oil content %
Jatropa Jatropa curcas 25-30
Pongamia Pongamia pinnata 27-30
Neem Azadirachta indica 20-25
Simarouba Simarouba gluaca 60-75
Mahua Mahua indica 30-35
20. General seed characters
• Almost biofuels crop seeds are recalcitrant in
nature .
• Seeds are medium to big size.
• Almost seeds have physical dormancy.
• These seeds are mostly affected by rancidity.
21. Constraints of biofuel crop
• No private sectors involved in production of
seedling
• In fact limited public sector institution involved
• Lack of unavailability of elite seedlings .
• No proper standard method of seed sowing
• No proper seed treatment
• Poor nursery management
• Less interest in micropropagation
• Confusion about harvest indices
• Storage problem
23. Seed orientation
• Seed orientation
It is one such technique where the seeds are
sown in respect to genetic structural
component viz...embryo and storage tissue.
• It has effective influence on production of elite
seedlings.
• Their is need for standard orientation of
biofuel seeds for elite seedling production.
24. Study on Seed Orientation for Production Quality Seedlings in
Bio fuel Tree Species
Mariappan, et al.2014
25. Study on Seed Orientation for Production Quality Seedlings in
Bio fuel Tree Species
Mariappan, et al.2014,
26. Study on Seed Orientation for Production Quality Seedlings in
Bio fuel Tree Species
Mariappan, et al.2014
m
27. Study on Seed Orientation for Production Quality Seedlings in
Bio fuel Tree Species
Mariappan, et al.2014
m
28. Study on Seed Orientation for Production Quality Seedlings in
Bio fuel Tree Species
Mariappan, et al.2014
m
30. EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON SEED
GERMINATION OF OIL YIELDING PLANT SIMAROUBA GLAUCA .
Patil and Gaikwad.2011
31. Influence of dormancy breaking
mechanisms on simarouba seeds
(Simarouba glauca DC.)
Komala et al. 2015
32. Influence of dormancy breaking mechanisms on simarouba
seeds (Simarouba glauca DC.)
Treatments Germination %
T1 Control (with seed coat) 77.75
T2 Complete seed coat removal 41.75
T3 Seeds are hammered with wooden
piece to break seed coat
42.00
T4 Dipping of the seeds in hot water of
600C for 15 sec.
62.75
T5 Dipping the seeds in conc. H2SO4 for
15 sec.
66.50
T6 Rubbing the seeds with sand paper 63.50
T7Seeds are oven dried at 400 C for hours 20.00
T8 Seeds are tied in cloth bag and
watered regularly to keep them wet.
57.75
Mean 54
CD at 5% 1.42
33. Effect of organic seed pelleting on seed storability and
quality seedling production in biofuel tree species
Influence of botanical seed pelleting on storability of Jatropha seeds
Srimathi et al.2013
34. Effect of organic seed pelleting on seed storability and
quality seedling production in biofuel tree species
Influence of botanical seed pelleting on storability of pungamia seeds.
Srimathi et al.2013
35. Effect of liquid biofertilizers on enhancement of germination in stored
seeds of Pongamia pinnata
Influence of liquid biofertilizers on stored seeds of Pongamia pinnata
Mariappan et al.2014
T1 (Azospirillum 0.5%), T2 (Azospirillum 1.0%), T3 (Azospirillum 1.5%),
T4 (Phosphobacterium 0.5%), T5 (Phosphobacterium 1.0%) and
T6 (Phosphobacterium 1.5%).
36. Nursery management
• Poor establishment of seedlings
• Uneven and unpredictable fruiting of trees
ex ,Pongamia
• There is a phenomenon known as dormancy
• Inadequate availability of quality planting material
• Almost seeds are recalcitrant in nature.
37. Effect of growing media on seed germination and vigour in biofuel tree
species
Effect of media on germination behaviour of Jatropha curcas
Mariappan et al.2014
38. Effect of growing media on seed germination and vigour in biofuel tree
species
Effect of media on germination behaviour of Pongamia pinnata
Mariappan et al.2014
39. Influence of various potting mixtures
on germination and root length of tree
species in vertisols of northern
Karnataka
Devaranavadgi et al., (2010)
41. Influence of nursery mixture compositions on simarouba seeds
(Simarouba glauca )
Komala et al.2015
42. Harvest index
• Fruit colour is considered as an easily
identifiable visual index of seed maturation
• Standardization of fruit colour is very
important for biofuel crops .
• It would helps seed collector to collect ground
quality seeds.
43. Evaluation of fruit colour as harvest index for selection of
quality seeds in biofuel crops
Fresh fruit colour on Pongamia pinnata fruit morphology, seed and seedling quality
characters.
Srimathi et al. 2013
44.
45. Evaluation of fruit colour as harvest index for selection of
quality seeds in biofuel crops
Fresh fruit colour on Simarouba glauca fruit morphology, seed and seedling quality
characters.
Srimathi et al. 2013
46.
47. Evaluation of fruit colour as harvest index for selection of
quality seeds in biofuel crops
Fresh fruit colour on Azardirachta indica fruit morphology, seed and seedling
quality characters .
Srimathi et al. 2013
48.
49. Evaluation of fruit colour as harvest index for selection of
quality seeds in biofuel crops
Fresh fruit colour on Madhuca longifolia fruit morphology, seed and seedling
quality characters .
Srimathi et al. 2013
50.
51. Physiological Changes in the Seeds of Jatropha curcas . at
Different Stages of Fruit Maturity
Seed germination, moisture content, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing
sugars, total phenols and oil content in the seeds at different stages of capsule
maturity in J. Curcas
Suheel and Sheikh 2015
52. Micro propagation
• All biofuels are conventially propagated through seeds .
• Major constrain is viability of seed is less .
• Plants produced at nursery are polygamodioecious
nature.
• Grafting is recommended but it is labour intensive.
• To exploit oil at max. Extent it is necessary to select
best genotype.
• To meet out demand fuel in the near future.
53. IN VITRO REGENERATION FROM SHOOT TIP AND NODAL EXPLANTS OF
SIMAROUBA GLAUCA , A PROMISING BIODIESEL TREE
Effect of BAP and NAA on multiple shoot induction from shoot tip and nodal
explants of S.glauca
Shukla and Padmaja 2013
54. IN VITRO REGENERATION FROM SHOOT TIP AND NODAL EXPLANTS OF
SIMAROUBA GLAUCA , A PROMISING BIODIESEL TREE
Effect of different concentrations of auxins on rooting of in vitro-raised shoots in
S.glauca after 4 weeks in culture.
• 4 weeks in culture
Shukla and Padmaja 2013
55. In vitro clonal propagation of physic nut (Jatropha curcas )
Effect of different concentration of BA , NAA and IBA in MS medium on
multiple shoot regeneration through axillary nodes of Jatropha curcas
Shrivastava and Banerjee 2008
56. In vitro clonal propagation of physic nut (Jatropha curcas )
Effect of NAA and IBA in ½ MS Media on in vitro Rooting of Shoots and %
survival rates in the field
Shrivastava and Banerjee2008
58. Relationships among Jatropha curcas seed yield and
vegetative plant components under different
management and cropping systems in Indonesia
Juliana et al.2015
59. Relationships among Jatropha curcas seed yield and
vegetative plant components under different
management and cropping systems in Indonesia
Juliana et al.2015
Mean seed yield of jatropha shrubs in intercropping system
with combination of root barrier and mulch treatments
60. Relationships among Jatropha curcas seed yield and
vegetative plant components under different
management and cropping systems in Indonesia
Juliana et al.2015
Mean seed yield and plant components of jatropha shrubs in hedge system with
combination of plant spacing of 10 cm or 30 cm and pruning treatment.
