History of Electric Vehicle from staring year up to till date

1. Introduction
• Twentieth century witnessed rise of serious environmental,
economic, and social concerns related to greenhouse gases
(GHGs) from ICE-powered transportation.
• These concerns reshaped the manufacturing landscape,
forcing automotive manufacturers to rethink the way they
designed automobiles.
• They also recalibrated consumer and public expectations
of efficiency and sustainability in transportation overall
• The electrification of transportation is the primary means
by which we can ensure the automotive industry becomes
“sustainable” over the next half-century.

2. Transportation 1.0 paradigm:
• The rising prominence of ICEs throughout the first decades of the
twentieth century create what we call the Transportation 1.0
paradigm.
• The transportation systems at the core of this paradigm operated on
the basis of cheap, and constant supplies of fossil fuels as sources
for motive power.
• The Transportation 1.0 paradigm also shaped the public’s
perception of automobiles.
• The inefficiency of ICEs became an acceptable norm for
manufacturers, while cutting-edge automotive
• Innovations in power-train efficiency stagnated.
Transportation 2.0 paradigm:
Describes a world in which profound technological shifts in advanced
electric drive vehicles and transportation networks reshape the
automotive industry, Focus on most efficient source of motive power-
electricity.

3. Future need for EV Development
• Achieving these varied outcomes will require industrial and
academic investment –
• hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fully electric power trains,
• Development of superior electric motors power electronics
and controllers,
• embedded software,
• batteries and energy-storage devices,
• micro-and smart grid interface systems.
• Highly skilled workers who understand the theoretical and
practical aspects of these advanced electric drive vehicles
to guide automotive companies over the next few decades
of innovation (about net 20years).

4. Electric Vehicle
• EV - invented 185 years ago- lost the competition for dominance to internal
combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs).
• First EV was a battery-powered tricycle built by Thomas Davenport in 1834
• In 1900, among an annual sale of 4200 automobiles in the US, 38% were EVs
(about 1600-road transportation), 22% ICEVs, and 40% steam-powered
vehicles
• Cost- was equivalent to a Rolls Royce of today
• (Rs. 6.21 crore for the cheapest car Ghost and goes up to Rs. 11.35 crore for
the)
• “A man with an idea that finished off the EVs for good” was H. Ford
• Ford Model T could offer a range double or triple that of the EVs but at only a
fraction of their cost.
• By the 1930s, the EVs almost vanished from the scene.
• EVs started at the outbreak of the energy crisis and oil shortage in the
1970s.
• Growing concern over air quality and the possible consequences of the
greenhouse effect in the 1980s- pace of EV development accelerated. (after

5. Electric Vehicle Timeline:
– 1832 – Robert Anderson develops First Crude Electric
Vehicle .
– 1890 – William Morrison develops first successful electric
vehicle in USA
– 1899 – Electric Cars gain popularity
– 1900 – Electric Cars are the trend
– 1901 – The World First Hybrid Electric Car, the “Lohner –
Porsche Mixed” created by Ferdinand Porsche
– 1908 – The Ford Model T is introduced by Henry Ford
– 1912 – The Electric Starter is introduced
– 1920 –35 – Decline in EV due to use of crude Texas Oil as
fuel
– 1960s – Interest in electric vehicles regain as Fuel prices soar
– 1971 – First Manned Electric Vehicle for moon, NASA’s
Lunar Rover developed

6. Electric Vehicle Timeline:
– 1973 – Many Automakers explore alternative options to fuel
– 1974 – Sebring Vanguard introduces the ‘Citi Car’ .
– 1979 – Interest in Electric Cars fade due to drawbacks
– 1990 – Clean Air Amendment Act is passed .
– 1992 – Energy Policy Act is passed .
– 1996 – General Motors launch EV1 .
– 1997 – Toyota produces the first mass produced hybrid, the
‘Prius’ .
– 2006 – TESLA announces production of luxury electric cars
– 2008 – TESLA produces its first electric vehicle, the Roadster
with range of 244 miles per charge.
– 2009 – US Energy Department invests in nation-wide
charging infrastructure .

7. Electric Vehicle Timeline:
• 2010 – General Motors introduce first Plug In Hybrid,
the Chevy Volt;Nissan introduces LEAF, an all
• electric, zero emission cars .
• 2012 – TESLA introduces Model S with battery range
of 270 miles per charge .
• 2013 – Cost of Electric Vehicle Batteries drop by 50% .
• 2014 – TESLA announces plan to build ‘Gigafactory’
and double worlds 2014 battery production figures
• 2016 – BMW Group, Daimler AG, Volkswagen Group
with Audi and Porsche along with Ford Motor
Company (European Division) agree to build ultra fast
charging sites across Europe by 2020 .
• 2017 – Toyota announces sales of 10 million hybrids
since production of ‘Prius’

8. Electric Vehicle Timeline:
– 2019 – Expected date by which Swedish Automaker
Volvo announces to produce only electric and hybrid cars
– 2020 – China’s expectation of 10% of auto imports and
production will be only electric vehicles.
– 2025 – Expected date by which Norway and Netherlands
plan to ban sales of petrol and diesel cars.
– 2030 – Expected date by which India plans to promote an
all-electric car fleet. Also, China expects to limit its
carbon emissions, hence affecting sales of petroleum-
based cars .
– 2040 – Expected date by which Britain and France
announce plans to ban sales of all new petroleumbased
vehicles .

9. Electric Vehicle
Locomotives Golf Carts
Fork Lifts
Busses Nuclear Submarines
Elevators