Disproportionality In Prison Population

Disproportionality In Prison Population
The film 13th gives way to issues that continue to plague our nation. This idea that the worlds prison
population is disproportional to that of the overall world population. According to this film, " Five
percent of the worlds population makes up twenty–five percent of the prison population" (DuVernay,
2016). This statistic is astounding and due in part to, according to the film, the exclusion of
criminals from the thirteenth amendments abolishment of slavery. The disproportionality in prison
population, not only of people but also of the race make up of people, compared to their world
population numbers is something that was started many years ago and still to this day, 2016, is an
issue worth addressing. In the history of America we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can in part be due to this idea that the criminalization of African Americans didn't stop at the
ratification of the thirteenth amendment. One study states, "In 1982, many states still had clauses in
their constitutions that deemed slavery and indentured servitude legal punishments or had no
proviso about the legality or illegality of prison enslavement" (Gilmore, 2000). This racial
disproportionality in the prison population continues to rage on in this nation, and this film, 13th
demonstrated just why that was, and how we as individuals need to change if any progress is to be
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Prison Population Presentation Analysis
This week presentation was good. For the prison population, I knew a little bit from watching TV. I
love watching locked up and shows like that so the populations in prison didn't surprise me. I have
to say some of the more specific facts I didn't know too much about. Like age range, sexual make
up, crimes that are heavily arrested for. Over all I enjoyed it and will continue to watch prison based
shows.
I knew quite a bit about the female population. Being that I am female there were a few situations
that I related to and have personality experienced. I really enjoyed the activity where we stepped up
for what we have experienced in our lives. I think we all have more in common than we will admit.
We all can learn from each other and in time

A Report On The United States 's Nationwide Prison Population
According to [http://felonvoting.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000286] only two states
allow felons to vote while in prison. This is quite alarming, especially considering that America's
nationwide prison population, since 1980, has increased by nearly 800 percent. This increase is due
to harsher punishments for non–violent crimes, resulting in more than 1.57 million inmates being
imprisoned in federal, state, and local prisons and jails at any given time. In addition, an estimated
12 million Americans cycle through the U.S judicial system for sentences less than one year in
length, raising the estimated overall imprisonment rate, at any given date, to 2.4 million. These
inmates, in addition to those barred from voting due to past felony convictions, make up
approximately 2.5 percent of the nation's voting population, according to a report by The Sentencing
Project. [http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/06/12/the–real–felony–denying–prisoners–the–
right–to–vote.html] Prisoners that are currently serving time for their crimes should have the right to
vote because it allows them to begin to make personal choices again and it is a basic right
established by our nation's founding fathers. The U.S. criminal justice system was designed to
reform individuals with criminal behaviors so that they, upon release, can be sent back into the
population as well–working members of society. "We let ex–convicts marry, reproduce, buy beer,
own property and drive. They don 't

The Inequality Of The Prison Population Essay
All of the articles that are discussed throughout this essay stated very similar observations when it
came to the demographics of the prison population. They stated that the people who are mostly
incarcerated are people of color, predominantly African–American and then Hispanic men. Jennifer
Wynn stated that when she visited Rikers Island and was waiting in the waiting room, she was the
only white person there (Wynn, 2012). She later found that ninety percent of the inmates were black
or Hispanic (Wynn, 2012) and that ninety three percent were male (Wynn, 2012). Although not as
large as black men, there has also been an increase of minority women imprisonment. This racial
disproportion was not always this way. During World War II, whites consisted of seventy percent of
inmates and only thirty percent were identified as "others" (Martense, 2012). This has been reversed
now being that seventy percent of the prison population are black and Hispanic and thirty percent
being white (Martensen, 2012). According to Martensen, the reason for this is due to the 'War on
Drugs' which indirectly targets racial minorities. When it was implemented, there was not a drug
crisis, however, drug offenses has lead to a major increase in the federal inmate population and state
prisoners between 1985 and 2000 (Martensen, 2012). Most of these people come from
disadvantaged communities with a lack of opportunities which can lead to criminal behaviors.
People who have more power are in the

The United States Prison Population
The United States prison population has grown tremendously from approximately 500,000 to 2.3
million people in just three decades. We (U.S) spend almost $70 billion annually to place adults in
prison and jails, to confine youth in detention centers, and to supervise 7.3 million individuals on
probation and parole. California has the largest prison population in the country, with more than
170,000 individuals behind bars. In Los Angeles, more than half of current parolees live in
neighborhoods that are home to less than 20 percent of the city 's adult residents. More than a billion
dollars are spent every year to incarcerate people from these communities. At the same time, as of
spring 2010, the Los Angeles Unified School District was projecting a deficit of $640 million in the
2010–11 academic year. As a result, district officials were planning to raise class sizes and lay off
thousands of teachers and other school–based staff.
40% of students expelled from schools each year are black.
70% of students are involved in "in school" arrest.
2 x black and latino students are twice as likely to not graduate than white students
68% of all males in federal prison do not have a high school diploma
The yearly cost to incarcerate one child is $88,000 and the yearly cost of public education for one
child is $10,600
The school–to–prison pipeline is exactly how it sounds it is a system that pushes students out of
classrooms and into jail.
In kensington droup outs , unemployment,

How To Prevent Prison Population
The prison population rises each year. This increasing trend has been directly linked to the
reoccurring arrests of released prisoners. Some people believe that there is not an answer to fixing
this problem. However, research and studies show that there is an answer to the reoccurring
problem. Even with this conclusion, there continues to be many opinions on what should or should
not be done to prevent the prison population from continuing to rise on a yearly basis. Most people
who are incarcerated will only be there for a period of time before release. The majority of the
prison population will be released at some point. Some will serve shorter sentences than others.
Only a small percentage of prisoners make up the population that

Restorative Justice And Reducing Prison Population
"Restorative Justice to Reduce Prison Population"
Is long–term incarceration working to resolve issues of criminal conduct? When considering the
population of people incarcerated is rising at an alarming rate and crime statistics not dropping by
much, it is hard to tell if incarceration is working in these modern times. The United States prison
population is the largest in the world. In fact, the United States has 2.3 million persons in institutions
which is more than the rest of the world combined (Wagner p. 2). Crime overall as decreased in the
last 30 years with the introduction of rehabilitation programs but these programs are not universal.
While serious crimes require serious punishment, most people that are incarcerated should be ...
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Doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results is considered by many as
insanity. All over the country new programs are being tried to slow or reduce the recidivism the
system experiences. A program in Oklahoma City OK, has created the first mental health court in
the Southwest United States. Deborah Smith Bailey states in her article, "The model has proven so
successful that, since the nation 's first drug court was established in 1989 in Miami, 946 drug courts
have been implemented, and another 441 are in the planning stages, according to the National
Association of Drug Court Professionals"(Bailey p.6). I want to use stats like these to help show the
real effect on the lives of people in the programs.
According to Deborah Bailey, some of the ways these programs are getting funding currently are
non–traditional. Funding is coming from the private sector because the public system is not
completely on board with these programs at the present time and not as willing to experiment. The
article ends speaking about how everyone is effected positively with these programs so far (Bailey
p.28). These programs have started the conversation and will help build support for a universal
model used by all communities just as the

The Growing Inmate Population And Its Effects On The...
The Ever Growing Inmate Population and
Its Effects on the Prison System
Frankie Lorino Jr.
University of Troy Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to look at the prevalence of overcrowding in the United States prison
system, what led to its current conditions, and how it effects the its fundamental function. The
explanation of growth is suggested by Davey 1998 and Anderson 2000. Jacobson, 2005 outlines
some of the affairs leading to the change in prison functions. The dire state of conditions in prison
facilities is exemplified by McConville, 1987. Furthermore McConville also offers some possible
resolutions to the current problems. The Ever Growing Inmate Population and
Its Effects on the Prison System When thinking of the prison system in the United States, one fact
that may be shocking is that it ranks as one of the highest per capita inmate populations in the world.
The United States has seen an ever growing prison population over the last few decades. The results
of prison inmate inflation are causing more strains than facilities can handle. The increasing number
of inmates is a result of the reluctance to help rehabilitate inmates and develop their ability to
function and add value to society.
Increase in prison population through the years & Consequences
"The United States now locks up a higher percentage of its population than any country in the
world" (Jacobson, 2005, p. 8). Prison populations across the United States are increasing at a faster

Example Of A Regression Analysis Paper
Ball 1
Missouri Counties
Introduction: Does the size of a county's population have any correlation to the number of
individuals that are incarcerated within that county? Every year data is collected through the Annual
Survey of Jails (AJS) that provides information on the characteristics and make–up of the Nation's
jails and inmates housed in these jails. The Offender Profile is another method of collection for the
state of Missouri, reporting important statistics about the offenders supervised by the Missouri
Department of Corrections. With this information, along with the county's census information on
population estimates, we are able to conduct a regression analysis to test the hypothesis. I would
expect to see a positive and strong ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Data Collection: The Missouri Department of Corrections has provided a portable document format
(pdf), on their website available to the public that provides a multitude of information on their local
counties as well as the characteristics of the local county jails:
www.doc.mo.gov/Documents/publications/OffenderProfile2013.pdf. After sorting through this one
hundred and twenty–page document, I found the information I was looking for, on page nine of this
file was a list of one hundred and twelve counties and their rank, prison population, population
estimate, and incarceration rate per 100,000. I converted this pdf page into excel and was able to
utilize the information in an easier method. Since there was only a requirement for thirty data sets, I
needed to make an unbiased selection to the information. With the data already converted into an
excel format I was able to run an excel formula (=RANDBETWEEN 1,112), and excel randomly
assigned numbers to each county. I then sorted the counties by newly, unbiased assigned number in
numerical order, and highlighted the top thirty rows. I copied this data over and used it in my
scatterplots, (raw data provided in appendix).
Ball 3
Study Design: The thirty data sets were plotted into a scatterplot and a linear regression analysis was
used to show the

Elderly Prison Population
The challenges of the elderly prison population are mostly cost related. Due to the fact that as baby
boomers throughout the nation have begun to age the prison population in the United States has
aged as well. For example, the elderly prison population in 2003 was almost 10 percent and in
nearly a decade later the elderly prison population doubled. A 2014 analysis by the Urban Institute
posits that this increase in the elderly population could carry significant financial costs. When
comparing the elderly population to that of the general population, they tend to experience
accelerated ageing caused by things such as substance abuse and any other unhealthy choices in
lifestyle. Also, according to this report by the Urban Institute elderly prisoners

U.S. Prison System and Its Populations: Whites vs. Minorities
Course Project Outline
Scenario #4
U.S. Prison System and its Populations:
Whites vs. Minorities
Kent Johnson
SOCS350
Professor: Dr. J. Johnson
June 7, 2010
Table of Contents
General Statistics 3
Men vs. Women 4
Statistics: The Who and the Why 6
Black Judges vs. White Judges and Their Decisions 8
What is being done to reverse this Trend 10
References 11
Statistics In the prison system today, there has been an explosion of minorities being incarcerated for
offenses that may not have gotten jail time if they had not been of a certain race. Although the
overall numbers of incarcerations may have dropped just slightly for the first time in over 35 years,
the amount of inmates ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many states have now revisited their policies on sentencing and release. That in turn has brought
about some sweeping changes in how prisons content with parole and good behavior releases. Many
states like Texas have gone as far as even increasing the grant rates for parole while shortening the
terms of many of those that are given probation. These types of moves are one contributing factor in
Texas being one state that has been able to reduce its overall prison populations for the past three
years. Here is a map of states and the percentage increase/decrease of their perspective prison
populations.
Percentage Change in State Prison Populations , 2008 – 2009 | State | | | % CHG. | | | | | | | | | Alabama
| | | 3.5 | | | Alaska | | | 3.8 | | | Arizona | | | 2.4 | | | Arkansas | | | 3.1 | | | California | | –2.5 | | | Colorado | |
| –2.1 | | | Connecticut | | –4.6 | | | Delaware | | | –4.2 | | | Florida | | | 1.5 | | | Georgia | | | 1.6 | | | Hawaii |
| | –1.1 | | | Idaho | | | 1.5 | | | Illinois | | | –0.7 | | | Indiana | | | 5.3 | | | Iowa | | | –3.2 | | | Kansas | | | 1.2 | | |

Kentucky | | | –1.3 | | | Louisiana | | | 3.6 | | | Maine | | | 1.4 | | | Maryland | | | –5.6 | | | Massachusetts | |
–2.2 | | |

The United States Has The Largest Prison Population In
The United States has the largest prison population in the world, but fails to perform the duties of
successful correctional facilities. The lack of rehabilitation leads to unsuccessful reintegration into
society as people released from prison are soon sent back for committing yet another crime,
contributing to a violent crime rate of 372.6 per 100,000 inhabitants in the US in 2015 (FBI National
Press Office, 2016). According to the US Department of Justice, more than 10,000 convicted
criminals are released from US prisons each week and approximately two–thirds of them are
rearrested within three years (2015). We must fix the US prison system because I fear that by
releasing ex–convicts from prison without properly rehabilitating them and ... Show more content on
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Further, in order to lower the recidivism rate, ex–convicts must receive some sort of help to
successfully reintegrate into society upon release. The successful rehabilitation of convicted
criminals and the successful prisoner reintegration into society would ultimately lead to a safer and
more capable society by lowering the recidivism rate, making those the policy goals and outcomes
the ones that matter most. I chose to study Norway's prison policy because I have heard that Norway
has the most humane prisons in the world and I wished to research what that meant and how
successful those humane policies really are. Norway is worth looking at because their recidivism
rate is very low, suggesting that their prison policy is successful. According to the World Prison
Brief, Institute for Criminal Policy Research, in 2016, the incarceration rate in Norway was 74 per
100,000 inhabitants, based on an estimated national population of 5.25 million, resulting in a total
prison population of 3,874; the occupancy level of their prisons is 89.9%. Their low incarceration
rate is, in part, contributed to by that Norway does not subject convicts to long stays in prison. In
fact, the average

Prison Population In America Essay
How does prison population in America is different from others?
America nowadays is one of the most populated countries in the world and advanced in technology,
but sometimes bad things happen to good people and that's terrible, and something should be done
about it. When we send people to prison to being punish or correct their errors or prevent other
things happen. Punishments, corrections, and deterrents.
Prison in America
America have a 4% of population in the world, and 25% incarcerated in the USA, it is the country
with highest incarceration rate in the world.
Types of security:
Maximum security
In a maximum security prison inmates have one cell for each person, prisoners are allowed to go out
just to go to eat for a few hours in another cage. Visits are not allowed only letters can be sent.
Close security
Inmates ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Minimum security
Inmates are in here with less than a year for conviction, there are less guards and less security in the
prison. Visits are allowed twice a week.
If it is compared with Mexico's prison it´s pretty much the same security operation it's called a
supermax and it's also in some states.
Correspondence
In America, and also in Mexico many institutions accept them to send letters when they can't go
visit. However, guidelines exist as to what constitutes acceptable mail, and these policies are strictly
enforced.
Mail sent to inmates in violation of prison policies can cost, and even lead to punishment.
Weddings
As in both Mexico and America weddings are allowed only by strict orders and in case it doesn't
apply depending on what institution the inmate is.
Weddings are made in a special room and after that the inmate and the woman go to a closed room
only for that night. Visits are allowed but no more in that

Overview and History of the Prison District of Baltimore
Overview and History of Area: The "Prison District" of Baltimore, Maryland, is located primarily in
an unincorporated community called Townson. With a population of just under 60,000 it is the
second most densely populated unincorporated county seat in the United States. The community is
located just north of Baltimore City, inside the I–695 and I–83 beltway and has several major
neighborhood areas. In the larger area of Townson, the per capita income is about $32,000, but
almost 10% of the population is below the poverty line (2010 Cenus U.S. Gazetter, 2011). Moving
into the neighborhood in question, however, the overall population density increases as well as the
poverty level of those who actually live in the area.
Ethnographic Observations:
Name of Town: Prison District Area, subsection of Townson, MD
Population approximately 5–8L
Demographic Overview Low income housing, high percentage of African America, number of row
houses potentially converted for business. Some evidence of mixed economics between run–down
and gentrification projects. Very few business professionals walking, mostly urban poor.
Housing and Zoning Crowded, lots of brick and cement; few parks, cars parked very closely
together on street. Some areas show severe urban blight.
Open Space Relatively no open spaces; some parks, crowded urban environment.
Boundaries Significant, suburbs outside the area more upscale, trendy and gentrified, bedroom
community outside this inner city area.
Commons

Increase of Women Population in Prison Essay
Women in Prison
Introduction
The growing rate of women in prison has spawned widespread awareness in our society; leading
people to question why the percentage multiplied exponentially over the past three decades. In the
past, female offenders have not only been compared to their male counterparts, but to society's view
on the role of women; the roles that labeled them as housewives and mothers. But how did these
housewives and mothers go from the home to the prisons? The subject of women's issues has
sporadically been discussed in our society, and it has just recently being uncovered that women
operate differently than men in situations; and those differences are now starting to effect the growth
rate in the population of women in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was a time when, according to Hagan's theory, sons were more likely to be deviant because they
were not as restricted as their sisters. The sons were allowed to stay out late, hang out with friends,
and when their misdemeanors were fixed with the simple saying of "boys will be boys". With males
having more freedom to commit delinquent acts, there was doubt that the men were the majority of
the population of prisons. As time passed and women began to embrace their liberations, more and
more of them began working outside the home. This sudden rise of women in the workplace led to
the shift in families. The number of egalitarian families in this nation began to increase, and with
that women held more equal weight in household decisions with their husbands. A shift in the
deviance of the children began to occur as well. Criminology theorists Matza and Sykes (1957)
believe that anyone can be freed up to be delinquent and under this egalitarian household both boys
and girls shared equal chances of doing just that, since there was starting to be a lack of supervision.
When the parents did come home from work the women would bring the equal opportunity
mentality with them so daughters were not being as restricted as they were before.
The rise in the population of women in prison "The imprisonment boom that began in the late 1970s
has swelled the state and federal prison system to more than 1.4 million prisoners. Adding those

Serving Mentally Ill Prison Populations Essay
Serving Mentally Ill Prison Populations
Kylee L. Radcliffe
Argosy University
Abstract
[The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section
titles, such as the word Abstract above, are not considered headings so they don't use bold heading
format. Instead, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new
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Serving Mentally Ill Prison Populations
The United States has the highest rate of adult incarceration among the developed countries, with
2.2 million currently in jails. In the last three decades those with mental disorders have been
increasing more rapidly than the courts would like, which could be the result of the
deinstitutionalization of the state mental health system.
What Are the Services Provided by Mental Health Courts?
The mental health system focuses primarily on the treatment of illnesses, public health, and harm
reduction. The courts attempt to purview each system so that they can fulfill its duty and produce the
best outcomes for people that have a mental illness and for their community. The mental health court
system likes to motivate individuals to connect to community–based treatment services while the
court monitors their progress and ensures public safety. According to Almquist L. and Dodd E., the
definition to Mental

Prison Population Failures
Another interviewee that also agreed with the bill said that the prison population in the United States
is assumed the highest compared to other countries. Part of that is because of to the sentencing that
are harsher for crimes considered small in other parts of the world. The passage of this bill will give
law makers and parties involved in the justice system a chance to review and evaluate laws and
sentencing for reasonability. Secondly, the law will influence that attitude of judges, prosecutors
toward minorities. This is true because are often the victims of harsher sentences for similar crimes
committed by Caucasian. As a result, minorities make up the majority of the prison population.
Thirdly, prison has proven to be a failures. It

America 's High Prison Population
America's High Prison Population Since the 1970s, America's prison population rate has risen 700%.
Despite the U.S. comprising only 5% of the world's population, it is the largest jailer with 25% of
the world's prison population with one in 99 adults in prison and one in 31 under some type of
correctional control (Mass Incarceration Problems, 2014, p. 1). According to 2013 data, 2.2 million
are currently incarcerated in U.S. prisons or jails (Incarceration, 2013, para. 1), a figure that
indicates a rising problem with prison overcrowding. While prison overcrowding increases the
economic burdens on local and state governments, common factors leading to the high prison
population is linked to the need for improved juvenile programs that deter criminal behavior and
fund for rehabilitation for reentry into mainstream society. With effective programs to deter juvenile
crime and to aid in offender reentry coupled with sentencing reforms, overcrowding in the nation's
prisons would decline.
Among nearly 100,000 youth under age 18 released from U.S. prisons each year, the majority "are
not provided with the critical assistance necessary for successful transition back to their
communities, schools, homes, and peer groups" (Youth Reentry, 2012, p. 1). Instead, these youths
return to neighborhoods that tend to lack the support programs necessary to ensure a positive
transition back into mainstream society. Disturbingly, these youths frequently return to
neighborhoods with high crime

The Key Drivers Of Growth Behind Our Prison Population
The primary purpose of prison is to protect the community and rehabilitate the offender (Smart
Justice, 2015). Research has indicated that prison fails to do this and instead can increase the rate of
reoffending (Smart Justice, 2015). Prison does not address the causes of the person's criminal
offending. Imprisonment is designed to be a sentence of last resort, yet we are building more prisons
at an ever increasing rate (Smart Justice, 2015). In Victoria, annually, the prison system cost more
than $1 billion (Glass, 2014). It cost more than $98, 000 to house a prisoner each year (SCRGSP,
2015).
It is important to discuss the key drivers of growth behind our prison population. While the crime
rate has not increased, our prison population has (Kilgore, 2015). Tougher on crime policies have
been a contributing factor to the increase in the prison population (Department of Justice, 2011).
Abolishment of alternative sentences, including intensive corrections orders (ICO), suspended
sentences and home detention orders (HDO), have been a contributing factor to the increased prison
population (Kilgore, 2016). Prior to the abolishment of suspended sentences from the period 2009 to
2012, the Victorian prison population increased by 11% (Glass, 2014). The following period 2012–
2014, it increased to 25% (Glass, 2014).The parole reforms recommended by Ian Callinan have seen
95% of applications being denied (Glass, 2014). Reforms to the bail legislation have seen an
increase of accused

Solving The Problem Of An Aging Prison Population
Solving the Problem of an Aging Prison Population
Joshua N. Handy
American Military University Abstract
The American correctional system is facing many emerging issues. One of these issues is the
exponential increase in aging offenders. In the past few decades, the number of geriatric offenders
incarcerated has multiplied at an increasing rate. This essay addresses the issue of aging offenders in
the correctional system; the problems that these offenders create and the underlying issues related to
the aging prisoner population as they relate to correctional management. This essay also proposes a
solution to the problem.
Solving the Problem of an Aging Prison Population The United States of America has the largest
corrections system in the world. The incarceration rate in the U.S. is over one in every one hundred
citizens, the highest ratio in the world. The population of prisoners is expanding at a rate at which
the U.S. correction system can just manage. The introductions of "three strikes", tougher sentences,
and mandatory minimum sentence laws have vastly contributed to growth in prison population.
Inmates serving mandatory longer sentences are a part of one the biggest growing concerns with the
American correctional system, an aging population with increased needs. Between 1981 and 2010,
the number of U.S. prisoners age 55 and over increased from 8,853 to 124,900 (Criminal Justice
Hub, n.d.). If the problem is not addressed and the rate continues to grow, by

Deviant Populations In Prisons
Throughout history societies have attempted to manage and control their deviant populations.
Western industrial societies have undergone a number of transformations in their quest to achieve
such control. Disenchantment with the penal system and its inability to achieve rehabilitation within
its confines has meant that in recent years, and especially since the 1960's, a central element in the
social control practises of advanced capitalist societies has been a state–sponsored attempt to
deinstitutionalise deviant populations. In face of steadily escalating crime rates, overcrowded prison
systems and an increasing number of the population formally deserving imprisonment, a variety of
approaches have been initiated in an attempt to reduce the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It wasn't until the 1960's however that the transformations that took place at the end of the
eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries seriously became under attack (Cohen
1985, p.30). The notion of these attacks were that the prison system was failing (Tomasic and
Dobinson 1979, p.15). Prisons were seen as brutal (Vinson 1982, p.14), inhumane, and instead of
achieving their rehabilitative goals, studies have shown that the further into the system a deviant is
processed, the harder it is for him or her to return to a normal life (Cohen 1985, p.33). An increasing
crime rate and number of those imprisoned led to the demand for action to be taken, but at the
lowest possible cost to society (Tomasic and Dobinson 1979, p.16). The failure of repeated efforts to
better the penal system produced "consensus in favour of reversing the directions taken by the
system in the late eighteenth century (Cohen 1985, p.31) and a recognition that perhaps instead of
upgrading prisons, the focus should be on emptying

Special Prison Populations
Corrections are an important part of the criminal justice system and they work in concert with law
enforcement and the courts. Citizens in the United States expect criminals to be monitored, with
some in secured facilities, so they will not fear of becoming continual victim of crime. To illustrate
this expectation further, there are 2.5 million individuals on probation or parole and 1 million
individuals in jails or prisons (Morris & Tonry, 2013, p. 370). However, does every individual
confined in jails and prisons still need to be there or is there a better way to deal with certain special
prison populations? Due to the large number of prisoners within the correctional system, certain
special populations of inmates do not receive the rehabilitation or care needed to successfully
reintegrate back into society. Additionally, these special populations create an undue burden on the
correctional system in terms of financial costs associated with their confinement. There are changes
that can be made to the criminal justice system to accommodate special populations of inmates. This
paper will explore the alternative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Between 1900 and 2000, the life expectancy in this country has risen from 47 to 78 years of age
(Rikard & Rosenberg, 2013, p. 404). Although the older population has grown from 4% to 13% in
the United States during the same period, the elder prison population has grown substantially. For
example, between 1994 and 1998, Texas saw an 86% increase in the elderly prison populations
while California expects to see a 200% increase by 2020 (Rikard & Rosenberg, 2013, p. 404). When
determining the need to incarcerate an elderly individual, several costly considerations must be
made. Elderly inmates require more medical care compared to the younger prisoners and special
accommodations must be consider for older inmates (Rikard & Rosenberg, 2013, p.

Female Offenders: Females In The Prison Population
Females in the prison population Chapter 17 discusses female offenders, the major crimes they
commit, and the issues that come with females in the prison population. Statistics show that the
number of women incarcerated has grown rapidly and has only recently started to level off. Most of
the women who end up incarcerated share common characteristics; usually unemployed, failure to
complete high school, may be addicted to drugs (female inmates are more likely than males to be
drug offenders), already have children and receive no help from the father, etc... There are certain
needs that must be assessed within female facilities that would obviously not be an issue in a male
facility. For example, many women enter incarceration while being

Prison Population Around The World
Samantha Talmo
Professor Wisz
8 August 2016
Research Paper Prison populations around the world are continuing to grow every single day." The
nation 's jail population flows like a torrential river with upwards of 12 million individuals moving
in and out of institutions annually" (Lyman, 167). The population is continuing to grow in jails
because of the growth in the crime itself. It is debated whether or not nonviolent criminals should be
given jail time. There are other punishments that could be given to criminals that have not created
violent crimes, for example serving community service, being on house arrest and speaking to a
parole officer. Another question that society considers is whether or not in the long run will society
itself benefit from nonviolent criminals not receiving jail time. Society would benefit if nonviolent
criminals were punished in other ways than jail time. Society would benefit since overcrowding in
jails wouldn't be an issue, tax costs would be reduced, and recidivism would decrease as a result. A
big issue in prisons are overcrowding, it was previously stated that 12 million inmates that around
the world that is in prison. Even after considering that that is the average of all prisons put together
there is still a huge amount of people living in one prison." Jails now hold some 730,000 people in
custody, more than triple their population in 1983"( Speiser). If the prisons population was triple the
population size in 1983 and it is

Disparities in Prison Populations Essay
DISPARITIES IN PRISON POPULATIONS Although we would like to believe the world is not as
racially charged in 2013 as it was in the 1960s, a look in our penal system would show that
minorities are still arrested and incarcerated at a higher rate than whites. The United States has
experienced a rise in its prison population over the last 40 years and our incarceration rate is nearly
5 times higher than any other country. Even though 13% of the US population are African American
males, they make up 38% of the prison population. Contributing factors to these numbers are
mandatory minimum sentences, high crime and poverty areas, and lack of rehabilitative resources
within our system (p.77–78). In the 1980s, the United States started a ... Show more content on
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Minorities in these urban areas have a hard time finding employment that could support their family
efficiently. Most end up dropping out of school and join or are forced to join gangs. They are more
likely to turn to crime as a means of survival which increases their chances of building a criminal
history. This type of criminal activity also ties back into the Three Strikes Law (Nicosia,
MacDonald, & Arkes. 2013) which states that the offender will be incarcerated on their third
offense, no matter how minor the charge. The lack of rehabilitative resources in the criminal justice
system leads to repeat offenders also. Although it should not be the responsibility of those in society
who are doing the right thing to pay for services for those who are incarcerated, we are doing
ourselves an injustice if we don't. If we are not providing rehabilitative classes, vocational/job
training, or some type of counseling while prisoners are incarcerated, we are defeating the purpose
of locking them up. Criminal justice referrals account for almost 37% of drug treatment admissions
(Nicosia, MacDonald, & Arkes. 2013. p. 78). If we don't address the issues that got them
incarcerated in the first place, they will turn back to the only life they know that provided fast
money. I

Over Population in the Prison System Costs Billions, and...
Over population in the prison system costs billions, and that affect us all!
Tjy Helms
Composition 1 ENG1001 BH Week 5
Professor Henry
05/6/2011
I say why should we the people pay to house, feed, and provide medical care for people who have
never had a history of violent behavior? The issue becomes compounded when we cram thousands
of people into a space designed for hundreds. Look at the number of people who are doing hard
time, for non–violent crimes. These are the people who are costing us unneeded expenses. I'm
willing to pay to keep the murders and rapists off the streets, to keep the child molesters as far away
from my children as I can get them. But I'm not willing to pay to house feed and care for the guy
who should have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Katel (June 2, 2006) wrote in her paper on the war on drugs that roughly "700,000" of the "1.7
million" arrests made in 2004 on drug charges were for "marijuana," and this is almost triple the
arrest rate in and before 1980. The "war on drugs" has had a significant impact on the prison
population. According to Don Stemen, research director for the Center on Sentencing and
Corrections at the New York–based Vera Institute for Justice, "Drug incarcerations jumped an
extraordinary 1,000 percent between 1980 and 2005, In 2003, the last full year for which detailed
statistics are available, drug offenders accounted for 55 percent of federal prisoners – down from a
high of 60 percent in 1995 – and about 20 percent of state prisoners." This increase in drug
incarceration is putting a great strain on the system. There is a growing debate about the value of
imprisoning and jailing people for minor drug offenses, especially since about 74 percent of drug–
offender inmates had no history of violence, according to The Sentencing Project. Most agree that
incarcerating big–time drug traffickers is best for society, but they also believe that the incarceration
of small–time dealers and users

Effect of the Police on the Prison Population Essays
Effect of the Police on the Prison Population
Because of the increase in crime in America, the public has demanded an increase in the amount of
protection received from police. This increase in police protection has increased the incarceration
level by numerous amounts within the last ten years. The number of inmates incarcerated in
America is a direct cause of the policing that is going on in the streets of American cities. The
method of policing has a tremendous impact on the outcome of the situation, meaning the type of
policing determines the amount of arrests mad and the amount of inmates incarcerated. The
historical pattern of prison sentencing has always shown that the offenders almost always served a
much shorter sentence than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Experiments done on the effectiveness of police during the 1970's showed that traditional methods
of policing were not effective in decreasing the amount of crime on the streets. Until the early 1970's
most states used the indeterminate sentencing method which allowed parole boards the authority to
allow offenders to be released early. The idea of indeterminate sentencing came about in the mid–
1800's and was preferred over determinate sentencing because determinate sentencing allowed no
room for reform. Because of the dissatisfaction with indeterminate sentencing and the pressure for
longer sentencing, there was a policy implemented in the 1980's which made it mandatory to have a
guide for the minimum amount of time served as well as new sentencing guidelines. This method
caused inmates to serve more time and because of this, there became a problem with overcrowding.
To alleviate the overcrowding, inmates were then available to get sentence reduction because of
good behavior and also with certain work programs they could be released early by the building up
of earned time credit. In 1984 the first truth in sentencing laws were in acted. These laws required
that prisoners serve a substantial portion of their sentence. To ensure that offenders served the
majority of their sentence, the violent crime control and law enforcement act of 1994 were passed.
This act allowed additional

Prison Population Trend Analysis
According to the graph the trend reflects that since the year 1880 the prison population has increased
at a steady rate rarely decreasing over the years. The years where the prison population rarely
decreased where the year of 2010–2012.As I looked at the bar graph the graph indicated that Texas
has the seventh highest prison rate among all the states presented and if we were to look at the Us
total state prison rate it indicated that the US as a whole has the twelfth highest state imprisonment
rate among states which is shocking to be truthfully honest. Which makes me ponder on how do
states such as Maine and Rhode Island, Minnesota, Massachusetts have lower imprisonment rate.
What are they doing differently to decrease their imprisonment

Should The World's Prison Population Increase Incarceration?
"The United States makes up nearly 5% of the world's population and almost 25% of the world's
prison population. Today, there are over 2.2 million people incarcerated in this country" (Barnett–
Byrd). During the last forty years, up till 2015, there has been a 500% increase in the incarceration
rate in the United States. Throughout the years, the prison rates keep accumulating. People are being
locked up primarily for drug use and violence. In 2015, nearly 52.9% of convicts were sentenced for
violence in the state prisons, and 49.5% of convicts were sentenced for drug related issues in federal
prisons (Carson and Anderson 2). As the incarceration rates increase, the amount of drug use and
violence in this country also increases, and as the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of throwing the nonviolent offenders into prison, they should instead be transferred into a
drug rehabilitation center. In prison, the drug convicts are not taught to stop selling drugs or getting
cured from drugs, instead they just stay in a harsh environment. When they are released from their
sentence, nothing is stopping them from going back out onto the streets and to start reselling or
doing drugs. If placed into a rehabilitation center, they would be more likely to get the proper
treatment and there will be a less chance for them to be released and to start getting involved in
drugs yet

Prison Population In The United States
Prison Population
Over the last decade the prison population in the United States has increased but the total admissions
has decreased. In 2004, the national statistics for the prison population showed 1,497,100 persons to
be incarcerated from Federal Institutions to State Institutions. Ten years later in 2014, the prison
population increased to 1,562,525. This increase in population is not as dramatic when it comes to
comparing 2004 and 2014. However, comparing 2014 to 1978 there is a tremendous increase in
population, the total population in 1978 was 307, 276. From the war on drugs to the increase
numbers of homicides, in 36 years we have incarcerated over one million additional people. In one
year, the justice system admitted 631, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These stereotypical names or references of inmates can be a sign of how a person can be on the
outside of the prison walls if they were to be released, also known as prison language. An argot or
language is an explicit code associated with behaviors. The argots come from the diversity and
number of prisoners in the American prison system. Each argot shows the behavior of the prisoner
when he comes in contact with other fellow prisoners. The following are five examples of argots
that Jack Abbott came in contact with while in the prison

Analysis Of Butler County
City of Butler is placed in the north of Pittsburgh, and it is considered a part of the Pittsburgh urban
area. Regarding the area size, it covered approximately 2.719 square miles of the land, according to
the United States Census Bureau, (2016). Butler city is a county seat of Butler County which is
located in the west–central of Pennsylvania. There are several adjacent counties surround Butler
County. From the north, there is Venango County, and Allegheny County from the south. Armstrong
County is in the east, and Lawrence County is in the west. From the northeast, there is Clarion
County, and Beaver County from the southwest. There is Mercer County from the northwest, and
Westmoreland County from the southeast. Butler County covers an ... Show more content on
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As it is known, there are many factors contributing to crime in such communities, including racial
and ethnic makeup, its composition by age and gender, educational levels, and prevalent family
structures are all key factors in assessing and comprehending the crime issue (Uniform Crime
Reporting UCR Program, 2012). Thus, the overall of the crime rates against the children, as
example, in Butler county is Lower than average compared to the Venango County, which is in the
north of Butler county according to the report of Pennsylvania Department of Human Services,
(2016). As a result, that is mean that the safety is one of the features of the Butler community.
Analysis of the Planned Intervention Effort a) What measures of success for the intervention will be
used? As it is known that both the practitioner and the theorist are most interested in whether an
intervention or sanction has an effect on criminality or not. Determining the rate of recidivism is one
way to measure this effect. Although the recidivism cannot accurately be measured just by using
arrest data because not all crime is discovered, it can be measured in different ways. One of them is
interviewing offenders to determine whether they have committed crimes since entering or exiting a
program or sanction. Another one is analyzing officially recorded criminal justice events like arrests,
convictions, and supervision violations and commitments to jail or prison. Moreover, charting a

The Problem Of Prison Population
After decades trying to prevent it, prison population continued to increase. Mandatory minimum
sentences and the privatization created more prisoners, rather than cutting down on the amount
incarcerations. Since the 1980's, the prison population has quadrupled and today one in every one
hundred adults are in prison (Mandatory Minimums (HBO)). Infact, America leads the world in
prisoners with 20% of the earth's prison population (The Prison Crisis). In a study done by The
American Prospect, charts and graphs provide information about the overpopulation crisis. The data
from the charts show that while the crime rate has decreased, the rate of incarceration has been on a
steady incline since 1990 (Waldman). America also leads the world in the number of prisoners– 760
prisoners per 100,000 population (Waldman). Not only does America have more prisoners than
developed countries, like Russia, the united states beats undeveloped countries as well. Rwanda,
which has the highest amount of prisoners in Africa, has 595 prisoners per 100,000 population
(Waldman). The overpopulation of prisons in America creates poor conditions for the inmates and
with each prisoner, more money has to go into the prison system, hurting the economy.
When a person convicted of a crime cannot pay the set bail, they are forced to stay in prison while
their trial goes on. This means that a person could be completely innocent but would still have to
face the same punishments that an actual criminal would

Increased Population of Prisons Essay
Overcrowded prisons and improper punishment systems are enormous social issues for our
government. The United States has seen steady growth in its prisons. A projected increment in seen
due to "get–tough" policies that locks up offenders for longer sentences (Ohlemacher, 2007, para. 1).
The correction system had been through various phases of transformation, and the government had
been tough on crime; this approach had resulted in rising prison populations. There are many factors
that cause overcrowding prisons in the United States. As a result, prisoners, physically and mentally,
suffer the negative effects of it, and growing prison punishments that led to congested prisons and
jails have shown that tax payers, as well as the government, ... Show more content on
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I believe that rehabilitation, not imprisonment, is the key to reduce the crime rate. Rehabilitation is
the initiative of healing criminal of his or her criminal inclinations. It tries to change their outlook,
their habits, and possibly even personality, to forgo their tendencies to commit crimes in the future.
The country has a responsibility to help those who fall short of the standards of behaviour
government has set, is the rehabilitative ideal. The offenders are usually folks with the greatest
social disadvantages that have forced them to a life of crime in the first place. If the policies ignore
these realities, it will foster hardships that will descend disproportionately and primarily on the
already disadvantaged, and intensify the anger that many prisoners find difficult to restrain upon
their release back into such a society, which will lead to re–offend by these prisoners. The
fundamental idea is to prevent a person from committing the crime again by removing the needs to
offend. This methodology is remarkably different from the idea of 'deterrence', which is the idea of
making criminal frightened to offend, though he may yet wish to, and the idea of 'incapacitation',
which isolates the criminal and eradicating his physical power to offend, though he may still desires
to.
Prison punishments are not always the answer. A prisoner's life can be simply depicted and directly
related to the

Ethical Practices And The Supervision And Treatment Of...
Running head: Ethical practices related to the supervision and treatment of prison populations 1
Ethical practices related to the supervision and treatment of prison populations
Alvin D. Chestnut
CJ552
10/24/2014
Prof: John Hill
Ethical practices related to the supervision and treatment of prison populations 2 INTRODUCTION
This paper will define the treatment of prisons within the United States, Central America and Africa,
it will explain how many of these countries human rights and due process are violated within the
correctional system, it will further exam how inmates under the supervision of correctional staff
treat inmates while they are incarcerated by not allowing them the due process that they are required
to have. Finally, this paper will also analyze cruel and unusual punishment these inmates receive
while under the supervision of correctional staff.
Ethical practices related to the supervision and treatment of prison populations 3
The population of inmates incarcerated in the United States is far higher than any country that
incarcerates inmates throughout the world, the United States incarcerates inmates juveniles, women
and men for crimes that are both non violent as well as violent crimes, by incarcerating these
inmates and placing them under the

High Population In Prison Essay
The High Price of Prison The United States spends $80 billion on incarcerating inmates per year.
The government is spending more money on keeping an inmate imprisoned in relation to educating
elementary/secondary school students. The government continues to spend more money on
imprisoning people and cutting funds from important societal needs, including education. When
funds get taken away, the amount of opportunities for others become limited. The United States
should decrease the amount of money spent on incarcerating inmates because there are more
effective options to prevent the high population of people in jail. The U.S. should increase the
amount of money spent on education/other methods to reduce the population in prison because the
price of incarcerating inmates ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
should change their policy for low–level offenses because it creates over population in prisons
throughout America. Although the crime rate has decreased by 45%, the population in prison
continues to increase. This is because there are so many prisoners in jail for low–level offenses.
According to Picchi of CBS News, "Changes in how America deals with low–level crimes such as
drug offenses mean the country now has an incarceration rate of 710 inmates per 100,000 residents,
compared with the typical rate of 115 amount nations in the Organization for Economic Co–
Operation and Development". Rather than over crowding prisons with people who committed low–
level crimes, the U.S. can create a more logical alternative. They can replace jail time with
mandatory weekly classes to help fix their "addiction" or bad habits. They can also be placed on
parole in order to ensure their safety and the safety of others. This will clear the jail and leave room
for those who have committed high–level crimes. It is easily justified to put someone in jail who has
committed a violence offense, but it is not as easily said about someone who has committed a low–
level crime, such as involvement with

It Is Often Stated That Prison Does Not Work Because of...
Introduction
What is Recidivism– Recidivism is a term, applied in the Criminal Justice System for criminals who
despite having been punished for a crime go on to repeat it, only to be returned to a custodial
sentence. It is for this particular reason that the penal system need to decide whether the system is
effective in doing its job, or reforms are needed to improve the way it conducts itself.
What causes Recidivism?
Recidivism is caused by criminals who have been through the courts and prison system and still
refuse to turn away from crime; the causes of repeat crime may involve many social factors, such as
society, the economic climate, or family issues that may affect the criminal in a negative manner.
Perhaps the need for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
June 1998–June 2001 * Total prisoner population, despite growing slightly between 25%– 27%
remained stable (700) Increase did not occur as rapidly as it would have had the HDC not been
introduced.( Home Detention Curfew) * The increasing custody rates continued grew from 25%–
27% due to extension of executive recall of medium–term prisoners.
June 2001–June 2003 * Prisons saw an increase of 7,300 caused by increase in remand, recall and
sentenced population * Increase driven by those serving more than 4 years or more. * Reflecting a
more frequent deployment of longer sentences, again due to most offences being sentenced for
VATP and drug offences. June 2003–2005 * Saw a small increase of 2,500 in prison population June
205–2009 * Despite introducing the ECL (End of Custody Licence) the population rose to 5,900 due
to lagged effect of previous large increases of offenders who were on longer sentences.
The Ministry of Justice Bulletin states that the overall increase in the prison population of 66% was
due to the segments mentioned in the beginning of my report.
According Juliet Lyon, Director of Prison Reform, the answer to the rise in prison population lies in
the way crime is viewed by the media and whatever political party is in power at the time She also
states that high profile and disturbing cases tend to distort the perception of the public at large and
making them intolerant to crime in any form. Juliet debates that

The Increased Prison Population and Improper Punishment...
Social scientists and organizational psychologist have given additional acknowledgment to the
influence of social and cultural issues in organizational system (Carter, 2000, p. 2). This clearly
indicates that how these issues affect many fields of society and how important is their resolution.
Many key global events of the last decade have captured attention on issues of nationalism and
cultural diversities. As Hallinan and Jackson says, "Within the context of the post 9/11 era a
complex and arguably contradictory and paradoxical set of conditions, practices and policies have
emerged in relation to how we see, represent, understand and acknowledge the diversity of 'Others'"
(2008). In this paper, I have discussed issue of racism which our ... Show more content on
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Thousands of people are residing in United States prisons and jails, and they go untreated. The very
institutions which confines offenders, creates people with mental illness and drug addictions
disorders. Crime needs varying interventions targeting problem–specific areas due to numerous
factors. The United States is the world leader in the increasing prison rate, in both as a percentage of
population and raw figures. As per a fresh report which employs data of each and every state, a
record 2,319,258 citizens were in prison or jail at the beginning of 2008; which means one amongst
every 99.1 adults. The increasing rate of prisoners do cost very high to the tax payers as well as
other plans of government. US government spent six times more on prison inmates than the rate of
increment for higher education expenditure. Another negative impact is that due to budget shortfalls
faced by states, they had made a proportionate reduction in expending on education and other social
requirement (Levinson 2002, p. 34). The rate of African Americans' imprisonment is radically
greater than for the total population. A shocking ratio, one out of every nine black men between the
ages of 20 and 34 is in jail or prison. This raises the doubt about the racial disparity in even police
department. Supreme court Justice Kennedy warned that, "There is the moral blindness in our
criminal justice

Elderly Criminals: A Case Study
In the national census of 2011 the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) found over 14% of
Australia's population were aged sixty five years of age and over (2013), making up one of the
largest minority groups in Australia. Due to increased life expectancy and low levels of repopulation
since the end of the Second World War, the Australian population has been aging at a steady rate
(Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012). As the elderly population continues to expand, it could be
suggested that proportionately so too should the number of elderly victims and elderly criminals.
Therefore there will be a need for the prison services to adjust their facilities to accommodate this
increase in aged criminals, or alternative methods need to be discussed ... Show more content on
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Anyone can fall into the trap of a con, but the elderly are practically susceptible, as they can be more
trusting and blind to seeing the undesirable in people. They are also more freely available or
accessible on the phone or in their homes and can be convinced by fast talkers or familiar parties, as
people known to them such as acquaintances, care givers, employees and family members most
commonly commit financial abuse. (Nerenberg, 2007; Rotherman, Dunlop, & Entzel, 2004)
It is also stated that family members and caregivers tended to be the responsible parties for most
victims of elderly abuse and neglect (EAN). This form of EAN often fails to be reported to the
relevant authorities as they maybe physically or psychologically unfit to make a complaint; or they
may fear vital services necessary to their survival could be removed or denied by their tormentor as
a form of punishment, however despite their fears, there has been a thirty per cent rise in reports of
EAN in the last ten years. (Teaster, Lawrence and Cecil, 2007; Sepler, F.

Disproportionality In Prison Population

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