role of Tamil Nadu in National Movement

2. ROLE OF TAMILNADU IN THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT
LESSON MODULES
 INTRODUCTION
 CAUSES FOR THE RISE OF NATIONALISM
 FORMATION OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
AND THE ROLE OF TAMIL NADU
 TAMIL NADU IN THE FREEDOM STRUGGLE MOVEMENT
FROM 1885 TO 1920
 ROLE OF TAMIL NADU IN THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT
FROM 1920 TO 1947
 CONCLUSION

3. OBJECTIVES
 TO LEARN THE FREEDOM STRUGGLE MOVEMENT
OF INDIA
 TO REALIZE THE ROLE OF TAMILNADU IN THE
FREEDOM STRUGGLE MOVEMENT
 TO INCULCATE THE SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM
 TO IMPART THE SENSE OF DUTY TOWARDS THE
NATION FOR EVERY CITIZEN OF THE COUNTRY

4. INTRODUCTION
THE LAST PART OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY:
RESISTANCE AGAINST THE BRITISH
RISE OF NATIONALISM
PATRIOTISM
CRY FOR SELF- GOVERNMENT
SO, THE LAST FOREIGN GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU-
BRITISH GOVERNMENT
A STRUGGLE AGAINST THE BRITISH BY THE WHOLE
INDIA INCLUDING TAMIL NADU.

5. CAUSES FOR THE STRUGGLE
o NEW EDUCATION
o FOREIGN INFLUENCE
o THE CONCERN OF THE SOFT CORNERED
ENGLISHMEN
o ENGLISH GOVERNORS WITH INDIAN
INTEREST
o ROLE OF SOCIO-POLITICAL
ORGANISATIONS

6. NEW EDUCATION
THE WESTERN EDUCATION IMPARTED BY THE
BRITISH.
EYE OPENER FOR THE INDIAN ELITE.
AWARE OF -
CONSTITUTIONALISM,
DEMOCRACY,
REPUBLICANISM,
REVOLUTION &
SECULAR FREEDOM.
NURTURED THE PRO-BRITISH FEELING

7. FOREIGN INFLUENCE
 WRITINGS OF MAZZINI
 UTILITARIAN PHILOSOPHY OF JERAMY
BENTHAM
 MARXIAN IDEALS OF SOCIALISM
 REVELATIONS OF THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR
 COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT OF ROBERT OWEN
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
 REVOLUTIONARY

8. THE ENGLISHMEN WITH INDIAN INTEREST
WILLIAM BENTICK-SOCIAL REFORMS-SUPPORTING
RAJA RAM MOHAN ROY
LORD RIPON - HIS LOVE FOR THE INDIANS-SOCIAL
WELFARE SCHEMES-LOCAL SELF –GOVERNMENT –
“RIPON THE FATHER”
LORD MUNRO – RYOTWARI SYSTEM AND OTHER
REFORMS – MANDHAVA RISHI
A.O. HUME AND WEDDERBURN- SUPPORTED TO FORM
THE CONGRESS

9. SOCIO – POLITICAL ORGANINSATIONS
THE MADRAS NATIVE ASSOCIATION-
FOUNDED IN 1852
BY- GAJALU LAKSHMI NARASU CHETTI
AIM: TO MAKE RERESENTATION IN THE
GOVERNMENT REGARDING JUDICIAL, REVENUE AND
EDUCATIONAL MATTERS

10. THE MADRAS MAHAJANA SABHA
FOUNDED IN : 1884
LEADERS : RANGAIAH NAIDU AND G. SUBRAMANIA
IYER
AIM: TO DEMAND CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM AND
GIVING POLITICAL EDUCATION TO THE PEOPLE
ESTABLISHED COMMITTEES DURING THE III SESSION
OF THE CONGRESS AT MADRAS

11. THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
FOUNDED BY :
MADAM BLAVATSKY AND COL. OLCOTT
IN :1875
AT : NEW YORK
TRANSFERED HEADQUARTERS: ADYAR, MADRAS
AIM: UNIVERSAL BROTHERHOOD BY HIGHLIGHTING
THE INDIAN CULTURE , HERITAGE AND RELIGION
ACHIEVEMENT: KINDLED THE SPIRIT OF PATRIOTISM
RELATED TO HOME RULE MOVEMENT

12. GOSPEL OF NATIONALISM PREACHED
BY NORTHERN LEADERS
BEPIN CHANDRA PAL
SURENDRA NATH BANERJEE
SEDITIOUS SPEECHES AT MARINA BEACH
RESPONSE FROM WHITE COLLAR EMPLOYEES-
POPULAR FEELINGS WERE AROUSED

13. FORMATION OF INDIAN NATIONAL
CONGRESS
• FORMED IN 1885
• I SESSION AT : BOMBAY
• LEADERS : A.O. HUME, WEDDERBURN, DADABAI
NAUROJI
• AIM: TO SEND PETITIONS TO THE BRITISH TO
GET MORE PRIVILEGES

14. THE THIRD SESSION OF THE CONGRESS
AT MADRAS IN 1887
IMPORTANT LEADERS:
C. VIJAYARAGHAVACHARIYAR OF SALEM
KASTHURI RENGA IYERGAR
GOPALACHARLU
G. SUBRAMANIA IYER

15. EVENTS AFFECTED IN THE I DECADE OF THE 20 TH
CENTURY
THE PARTITION OF BENGAL IN 1905-THE
CURZONIAN ACT TO OFFEND THE INDIAN FEELINGS-
CONDEMNE.
THE JAPANESE VICTORY IN THE RUSSO-JAPANESE
WAR OF 1904-1905
IN TAMILNADU- NEWS PAPER EDITORIALS
CELEBERATED-KINDLED THE FEELINGS OF THE
TAMILS

16. THE TWO TRENDS IN TAMIL NADU
(AFTER THE SURAT SPLIT IN 1907)
THE MODERATE GROUP
GOPALA KRISHNA GOKHALE – A MAHARASHTRA BRAHMAN-
INDIAN GLADSTONE
BELIEVED IN CONSTITUTIONAL METHODS, LIBERALISM AND
CONSERVATIISM
LIMITED FOLLOWERS IN TAMIL NADU
V. S. SRINIVAS SASTR-SUCCEEDED GOKHLE AS PRESIDENT OF THE
“SERVANTS OF INDIA SOCIETY”
OTHER LEADERS:
P. S. SIVASAMI IYER
V.KRISHNASWAMI IYER
T.R. VEKATARAMA SASTRI

17. THE EXTREMIST GROUP
BALAGANGADARA TILAK-THE LEADER –A
MAHARASHTRA BRAHMAN-
BELIEVED IN RADICAL AND TERRORIST METHODS
INDUCED REACTION, REVIVALISM AND RADICAL
AGITATIONAL POLITICS
FREEDOM WAS HIS BIRTH RIGHT
CONVICTED IN 1908 OF SEDITION AND IPRISONED
AT MANDALAY-FOR SIX YEARS
AFTER THE RELEASE-POPULARITY DECLINED

18. THE TERRORIST ACTIVITIES IN TAMILNADU
(FROM 1907 TO 1912)
IN 1909 –AN ATTEMP TO ASSASSINATE LORD MINTO
AND LADY MINTO-FAILED
LEADING TERRORIST REVOLUTIONARIES
V.V. SUBRAMANYA IYER
NILANKANTA BRAHMACHARI
C. SUBRAHANIA BHARATI
SUBRAMANIA SIVA
SWADESHI PADMANABHA IYERNGAR
ARAVINDA GHOSH

19. ALL WERE-BRAHMANS
REVOLUTIONARIES
NURTURING TERRORIST ACTIVITIES
GETTING RIFILE TRAINING AT PONDICHERRY
WRITTING SEDITIOUS POEMS AND OTHER WRITTINGS
PNDICHERRY –ASSYLUM FOR FLEEING TERRORISTS

20. MURDER OF COLLECTOR ASHE, 1911.
ASHE - DISTRICT MAGISTRATE AT TIRUNELVELI
MOVING TO KODAIKANAL WITH FAMILY BY TRAIN
SHOT DEAD BY VANCHI IYER.
THE MURDERER COMMITTED SUICIDE
14 MEMBERS WERE ACCUSED
NILAKANDA BRAHMACHARI- THE I ACCUSED –SEVEN
YEARS OF IMPRISONMENT
SANKARA KRISHNAN –THE SECOND ACCUSED –FIVE
YEARS OF IMPRISONMENT
MADASAMY – ABSCONDED

21. THE SWADESHI STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY
FOUNED BY –V.O. CHIDAMBARAM PILLAI
CLOSE ASSOCIATE- MADASAMY
PLYING STEAMERS BETWEEN TUTUCORIN AND
CEYLON
COMPETING WITH THE BRITISH COMPANIES.
HARASSED BY THE BRITISH
COLLAPSE OF THE COMPANY
IMPRISONED FOR SEDITIOUS SPEECHES AT
COIMBATORE AND THEN AT CANNANOORE AND
RELEASED IN 1912

22. HOME RULE MOVEMENT
STARTED BY ANNIE BESANT IN 1916
THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY –HEADQUARTERS AT
ADYAR IN MADRAS
METHODS-COMBINATION OF CONSTITUTIONALISM
AND AGITATION
NEWS PAPER EDITED: “NEW INDIA”
HIGHLIGHTING INDIAN HERITAGE AND CULTURE
SELF- GOVERNMENT FOR INDIANS
STRIVING HARD FOR INDIAN FREEDOM
HER ASSOCIATES: B. P. WADIA AND GEORGE
ARUNDALE

23. THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT OF 1919
AND THE JUSTICITIES
MONTAGUE CHELMS FORD REPORT
BASED ON WHICH - THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
ACT OF 1919
DYARCHY INTRODUCED
ELECTIONS IN TAMILNADU
THE SUCCESS OF JUSTICE PARTY
SUBBARAYALU REDDY – THE FIRST CHIEF
MINISTER
NON- BRAHMAN GOVERNMENT-MOSTLY TELUGU

24. ADVENT OF GANDHI (1920-1947)
ENTRY OF GANDHI
DECLINE OF ANNIE BEASANT
ROWLATT ACT- A TURNING POINT
DYARCHY UNDER THE INDIA COUNCIL ACT OF 1919
DUE TO NON-COOPERATION MOVEVENT NON ENTRY
OF THE CONGRESS IN THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL
THE LEADERS IN TAMILNADU:
S.SATYAMURTHI
S. SRINIVASA IYERNGAR
RAJAGOPALACHARI

25. WOMAN WEAVES HANDSPUN COTTON

26. THE NON – COOPERATION MOVEMENT
UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF GANDHI
IN TAMILNADU – RAJAGOPALACHARI
SUPPORT FROM :
MIDDLE CLASS INTELLECTUALS
LAWYERS
TEACHERS
DOCTORS
WHILTE COLLAR BUREAUCRATS
JOURNALISTS
WRITERS
CRITICISM BY JOURNALS
WRITINGS AND SPEECHES

27. Corbis/Bettmann/Kamat's Potpourri
MASSIVE RALLY OF PROTESTORS- NON-
CO-OPERATION MOVEMENT

28. SIMON COMMISION
THE SIMON COMMISSION VISITED IN 1928
OPPOSED BY THE CONGRESS
BOYCOTTED BY THE TAMIL PATRIOTS
PERIODICALS ROSE UP IN SUPPORT OF THE FREEDOM STRUGGLE:
SUTANDIRA VEERAN
SUTANDIRA SANGU
VANDEMATARAM
JAYABHARATI
NATIONAL TIMES
SUTANDIRA NATHAM SUTANDIRA NATHAM
DESABHAKTA GEETHAM
NEWS PAPERS:
THE HINDU
SWADESAMITRAN

29. REACTION TO THE SIMON COMMISSION
HARTALS
STUDENTS ABSTAINING FROM CLASSES
SHOP KEEPERS CLOSING THEIR SHOPS
LAWYERS NOT TO APPEAR IN THE COURTS
HOISTING BLACK FLAG WITH “BOYCOTT” INSCRIBED
ON IT
ARREST OF LEADERS
EVERY WHERE AGITATION AGAINST THE COMMISSION
POLICE FIRED – 3 PERSONS WERE KILLED

30. CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
AIM OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE - TO DESTROY THE
FUNCTIONING OF DYARCHY
IN TAMIL NADU- S. SATHYA MURTHI THE LEADER
BOYCOTT COMMITTEE IN MADRAS
DIRECTED THE PICKETTING OF SHOPS AND
BOYCOTT OF FREIGN GOODS.

31. THE SALT SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENT 1930
GANDHI LED SATYAGRAHA AT DANDI
IN TAMIL NADU – RAJAJI LED THE MOVEMENT
TO DEFY THE SALT LAW AND TO MAKE SALT
THE MARCH STARTED FROM TRICHIRAPPALLI
THROUGH THIRUVADI, THANJAVUR AND KUMBAKONAM
COLLECTED SALT AT VEDARANYAM ON 13 TH APRIL THE JALIAN
WALA BAGH DAY
ASSISTED BY SARDAR VEDARATNAM
THOUSANDS OF VOLUNTEERS FOLLOWED
RAJAJI GOT ARRESTED. THE PUBLIC COLLECTED SALT AT
RAMESWARAM, OVAR, ANJENGO, VEPPALODAI , THUTHUKUDI, AND
THARUVALKULAM
REACTION- LATHI CHARGE BY THE POLICE AND ARREST
HOWEVER PATRIOTIC SONGS, DRAMAS & SWADESHI DRAMAS-
STAGED

32. THE INDIA COUNCIL’S ACT OF 1935
BASED ON SIMON COMMISSION REPORT –
ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES EMERGED
AS A RESULT- THE INDIA COUNCIL’S ACT OF 1935-
PASSED
BI CAMERAL LEGISLATURE
COUNCIL OF MINSTERS –RESPONSIL TO THE
LEGISLLATURE
ELECTIONS IN 1937-
CONGRESS PARTY WON
C.RAJAGOPALACHARI- THE CHIEF MINISTER

33. RESIGNATION OF RAJAJI’S MINISTRY
IN 1939 THE II WORLD WAR BROKE OUT
WITH OUT THE CONCURRENCE OF INDIA IT WAS MADE
TO PARTICIPATE
SO CONGRESS RESIGNED
FROM 1939 TO 1942 – SUSPENSION OF POLITICAL
ACTIVITIES IN TAMIL NADU

34. QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT
CRIPPS MISSION TO INDIA -TO SET UP AN ELECTED
BODY TO FRAME THE CONSTITUTION
BUT NO FIXATION OF DATES
CONGRESS AND MUSLIM LEAGUE REJECTED
THE ALLAHABAD SESSION OF THE CONGRESS –PASSED
THE QUIT INDIA RESOLUTION

35. K.L. Kamat/Kamat's PotpourriK.L. Kamat/Kamat's Potpourri

36. QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT IN TAMIL NADU
WIDE SPREAD AGITATION
COMMON PEOPLE,WORKERS STUDENTS LINVOLED IN THE MOVEMENT
WORKERS AT BUCKINHAM AND CARNATIC MILLS THE MADRAS PORT TRUST THE
MADRASCORPORATION ELECTRIC TROMWAY STRUCK WORK
CUTTING OFF THE TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE LINES
BURNT OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS AT VELLORE AND PANAPPAKKAM
STUENTS OF LOYOLA COLLEGE, CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, ANC ANNAMALAI
UNIVERSITY ACTIVELY PARTICIPATED
HARTAL, PICKETING AND STIKES AT COIMBATORE
SETTUBG IB FIRE TO VILLAGE OFFICES AND TODDY SHOPS
DERAILING OF TRAINS
CLASH WITH MILITATY IN MADURAI
NATIONALISTS KILLED AT RAJAPALAYAM,DKARAIKUDI, DEVAKOTTAI
TIRUVADANAI AND POOLANKURICHI
SUPPRESSION OF THE MOVEMENT BY THE BRITISH

37. 1946 ELECTIONS
CONGRESS SECURED A HUGE MOJORITY IN MADRAS
PRAKASAM – CHIEF MINISTER
SOON CHANGE ;OF MINISTRY
O. P. RAMASWAMI REDDIAR –CHIEF MINISTER
ON THE EVE OF INDEPENDENCE O. P .RAMASWAMI
REDDIAR - THE CHIEF MINISTER
ON THE EVE OF REPUBLIC- P. S. KUMARA SWAMI RAJA –
THE CHIEF MINISTER

38. CONCLUSION
15 TH AUGUST 1947-INDIAN INDENEDNCE
26 TH JANUARY 1950 INDIAN REPUBLIC
TAMILNADU – BECAME A PART AND PARCEL
IT WAS CALLED MADRAS STATE
TAMILNADU HAS CONTRIBUTED ITS BEST TOWARDS
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM,

39. QUESTIONS
1. V.V. Subramania Iyer had contact with -------------------- club in London.
2. ---------------------- was the party founded by C.
Rajagopalachari.
3. The Madras Native Association was formed by
--------------------------.
4. Home Rule League at Madras was organized by -----------
5. The first non-brahmin party in Tamil Nadu was --------------

40. 6. The Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company was established in
a) 1896 b) 1902 c) 1906 d) 1909
7. The hero of Vaikom was
a.) V.O.Chidambaram b) Rajaji c) Kamaraj d) E.V.
Ramasamy
8. Panchali Sabatham was the work of
a.)Vallalar b) Bharathiyar c) Namakkal Kavi
d) Rajaji

41. 9. The great vedaranyam March started from
a.)Madras b) Tiruchirapalli c) Kumbakonam d)
Ramanathapuram
10.. Madras united League was formed by the non-Brahmins in
a) 1930 b) 1925 c) 1919 d) 1920
11. The Indian nationalist who was given life sentence under the
Act of sedition was
a).Vanchinathan b) Subramania Siva c) V.O. Chidambaram d)
Nilakanda Sastri.
12.. Home Rule movement was established in
a)1906 b) 1910 c) 1912 d) 1916

42. 13. When did the Quit India Movement take place?
14. Who was the first Congress Chief minister of
Tamilnadu from the Congress party?
15. The Tamil Magazine “Bala Bharathi” was started by
whom?
16. Who was the first Chief Minister of Madras under
Dyarchy
17. Who was the editor of the newspaper “Praja Mitran”?

43. Answers
1. India House
2. Swatantra
3. Gajalu Lakshmi narasu Chetty
4. Annie Besant
5. Justice Party
6. 1906
7. E.V.Ramasamy Naicker
8. Subramanya Bharathi
9. Trichy
10. 1919

44. Cont…
11. V.O.Chidambaram pillai
12. 1916
13. 1942
14. Rajaji
15. V.V.S. Iyer
16. A. Subbarayalu Reddy
17. Subramanya Siva

45. Assignment
“Factors led to the participation of Tamilnadu in the
Freedom Struggle Movement”
“Extremism in Tamilnadu in the first decade of the
20th
century”
“Role of Tamilnadu in Quit India Movement”
“An interview with Mayandi Bharathi- the Age old
Freedom fighter from Madurai”

46. Books for reference
 Ma.Po. Siva gnanam-Freedom Movement
in Tamilnadu
 Rajayyan K.- History of Tamilnadu
 Subramanian N. History of Tamilnadu

47. Nationalism - devotion to one's nation
Freedom - Civil or political liberty
Constitutionalism Government according to a
constitution
Democracy - The common people as the wielders
of power
Republicanism - Republican form of Government
Revolution - Overthrow of a government by
another form of a government by
force
Secular - Temporal or worldly
Legitimacy - The quality or state of being
legitimate
Utilitarian - Aiming at utility
Socialism - the stage of society in Marxian
doctrine
GLOSSARY

48. Patriotism - Love and loyal support of one’s
country
Conservatism - Principles and practices of a
conservative person or party
Liberalism - The state of being liberal
Terrorism The act of terrorizing
Absconded - Run away and hide in order to
escape the law
Sedition - Stirring up the discontent
against the government in
power
Intellectuals - Persons with intellectual
interests
Boycott - To join together in refusing to
deal with so as to punish