Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, damaging heart muscle. The document discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, types, treatment and prevention of myocardial infarction. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort. A myocardial infarction can be caused by lifestyle factors like smoking, underlying conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure, or genetic predisposition. Treatment depends on whether the infarction is STEMI or NSTEMI, and may involve thrombolytic agents, antiplatelet drugs, or surgery. Prevention focuses on lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, reducing sugar intake, and eating a heart-healthy diet.

1. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2. INTRODUCTION
 Myocardial infarction name it self indicating a
problem to middle layer of the heart i:e myocardium
 It is commonly known as heart attack
 Commonly occurs when blood flow stops to a part of
the heart causing damage to the heart muscle.

3.  The most common symptom is chest pain or
discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm,
back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side
of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes.
 mechanism of an MI often involves the complete
blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of
an atherosclerotic plaque

4. SIGNS&SYMPTOMS
 Heartburn
 Chest pain
 Shortness of breath
 Nausea
 Light-headedness
 vomiting

5. CAUSES
 Lifestyle changes like:-
1. Smoking
2. Alcohol
3. Air pollution
4. Taking polyunsaturated fat
 Underlying diseases
1. Diabetes mellitus
2. High blood pressure
3. Abnormal levels of lipoproteins
 Genetic

6. COMPLICATIONS

7. DIAGNOSIS
 ECG
 CARDIAC BIOMARKERS
 CHEST IMAGING
 Based upon ST levels MI classified as two types
 STEMI(ST elevation of MI)
 NSTEMI(non-ST elevation of MI)

8. CLASSIFICATION
 Type 1 – spontaneous MI related to ischemia due to a
primary coronary event
 Type 2 – MI secondary to ischemia due to either
increased oxygen demand or decreased supply
 Type 3 – sudden unexpected cardiac death
 Type 4 – associated with coronary angioplasty or stents:
 Type 4a – MI associated with percutaneous coronary
intervention (PCI)
 Type 4b – MI associated with stent thrombosis as documented by
angiography or at autopsy
 Type 5 – MI associated with CABG

9. TREATMENT
 STEMI
a. Thrombolytic agents
b. Antiplatlet therapy
c. Beta-blocker medication
 NSTEMI
a. Aspirin
b. Clopidogrel
c. inhibitors of the platelet glycoprotein
αIIbβ3a receptor such
as eptifibatide or tirofiban may be used.

10. PREVENTION
 LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS
 Reducing the sugar intake
 increasing the intake of wholegrain starch
 consuming five portions of fruit and vegetables daily
 consuming two or more portions of fish per week,
 consuming 4–5 portions of unsalted nuts, seeds, or
legumes per week.

11.  Avoid alcohol consumption
 Cessation of smoking
 https://www.medesunglobal.com

12. THANK
YOU