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Noncommunicalbedisease 150721175002-lva1-app6891
1. INTRODUCTION
Non communicable disease account for a large
and increasing burden of disease worldwide. It
is currently estimated that non communicable
disease accounts for approximately 60% of
global deaths and 43% of global disease
burden. This is projected to increase to 73% of
deaths and 60% of disease burden by 2020.
7. Defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation
that presents a risk to health.
It is the most prevalent form of malnutrition.
It is one of the most significant contributors of ill
health.
OBESITY
8. • Obesity is growing problem across the globe.
• Worldwide, more than 300 million adults are
obese, according to (WHO).
• Obesity is the second-leading cause of
preventable death, surpassed only by smoking.
Global Status
9. Obesity is a major risk factor for a number
of serious health conditions, including:
Coronary heart disease.
Cancer.
Diabetes.
Fatty liver disease.
Gallbladder disease.
High blood pressure..
Osteoarthritis.
Stroke.
Sleep apnea and other breathing problems.
10. BMI
• Body mass index or BMI is a
simple and widely used method for
estimating body fat mass.
• BMI is calculated by dividing the
subject's weight in kg by the square
of his or her height in meter:
Assessment of Obesity
14. Hypertension is high blood pressure. Blood
pressure is the force of blood pushing
against the walls of arteries as it flows
through them.
DEFINITION
15. Genetics-some people are prone to hypertension simply based
off of their genetic makeup
Family History- your risk for high blood pressure/hypertension
increases if it is in your family history
Environment
Inactivity
Stress
Obesity
Alcohol
High Sodium Diet
Tobacco Use
Age
Causes
19. Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of
diseases that involve the heart or blood
vessels (arteries and veins). While the term
technically refers to any disease that affects
the cardiovascular system, it is usually used
to refer to those related to atherosclerosis
(arterial disease).
Definition
20. CVD are present in many forms and have
different categories and include:-
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Coronary heart disease (heart attack)
Cerebrovascular disease (stroke)
Peripheral vascular disease
Heart failure
Rheumatic heart disease
Congenital heart disease
Cardiomyopathies
21. Global Burden of Cardiovascular
Disease
Number one cause of death globally and is projected to
remain the leading cause of death.
An estimated 17.5 million people died from cardiovascular
disease in 2005, representing 30 % of all global deaths.
Of these deaths, 7.6 million were due to heart attack.
23. Dietary
Changes
• Limitation of
consumption
of fatty acids.
• Reduction in
dietary
Cholesterol.
Smoking
• No safer
cigarette
• So,
smoke
free
society
Blood
Pressure
• Prudent
Diet.
• Reduced
salt
intake.
• Avoidance
of high
alcohol
intake.
Physical
Activity
• Regular
physical
activity.
• Encourage
children to
continue
throughou
t their life.
SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS
26. Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the
pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or
alternatively, when the body cannot effectively use the
insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates
blood sugar
27. TYPES OF DIABETES
1) Type 1 Diabetes
usually diagnosed in childhood
affected by hereditary
sometimes there are no symptoms
frequently called the ‘insulin-needed’ group
Patients with type 1 diabetes need insulin daily to
survive
28. Types of diabetes (cont.…)
2)Type 2 Diabetes
most common.
usually occurs in adulthood.
Body is incapable of responding to insulin
Rates rising due to increased obesity and failure to
exercise and eat healthy
3) Gestational Diabetes
blood sugar levels are high during pregnancy in women
30. Major risk factors
Family history
Obesity
Age (older than 45)
History of gestational diabetes
High cholesterol
Hypertension
31. Risk Factor For Type-1
Genetic predisposition
In an individual with a genetic predisposition,
an event such as virus or toxin triggers
autoimmune destruction of b-cells probably
over a period of several years.
32. Risk Factor For Type-2
Family History
Obesity
Habitual physical inactivity
Previously identified impaired glucose tolerance.
IGT or impaired fasting glucose (IFG)
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
33. PREVENTION
1) Primary Prevention
Lifestyle Changes Can Prevent Diabetes. Avoiding stress,
smoking can reduce the chance of DM.
Physical activity decreases insulin resistance and can aid in
both preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus and managing the
disease.
Dietary intake of saturated fat and decreased intake of
fibre can result in lowered insulin sensitivity and
impairment of glucose tolerance. In general, reduction in
the overall calories, reduced intake of saturated fats &
refined sugars and increased intake of grains, fruits and
vegetables would be of utility in preventing diabetes
34. Triad of Treatment
Diet
Discipline(Exercise, life style)
Drug(Medication)
Oral hypoglycemics
Insulins
36. Cancer
medical term: (malignant neoplasm) is a
class of diseases in which a group of cells
display uncontrolled growth, invasion
and sometimes metastasis (spread to
other locations in the body via lymph or
blood) .
39. Life style
Smoking
Single biggest cause
of cancer
25-40% smokers die
in middle age
9 in 10 lung cancers
Know to cause cancer
in 1950
40. PREVENTION
1) Do not smoke; if you smoke, stop doing so. If you fail
to stop, do not smoke in the presence of non-smokers.
2)Avoid Obesity.
3)Undertake some brisk, physical activity every day.
4)Increase your daily intake and variety of vegetables
and fruits: eat at least five servings daily. Limit your
intake of foods containing fats from animal sources.
5)Avoid exposure to radiation and harmful chemical.
41. WHO’s approach to cancer has four pillars:
Prevention,
Screening,
Early detection,
Treatment
Palliative care.
42. Prevention and Control of NCDs
Millions of deaths can be prevented by stronger
implementation of measures that exist today.
These include policies that promote government-wide
action against NCDs:
Stronger anti-tobacco control
Promoting healthier diets,
Physical activity,
Reducing harmful use of alcohol
Along with improving people's access to essential health
care.