For more details, you can visit the youtube channel https://youtu.be/wNALYeD9xc4 Introduction: Lipids are fats which are essential for the body and that required to perform some functions. These tings gets synthesized by the liver and they will be get absorbed by the other body parts. Triglycerides and Cholesterol are the main lipids in the living cell. Triglycerides acts as storage house of energy in adipocytes and muscle cell Cholesterol is ubiquitous constituent of cell membrane, steroids, bile acids and signalling molecule and produces steroid hormones Function of lipids: They are the important sources of energy and they all are most energy rich of all class of nutrients. They form the structural components of cell membrane and forms various messengers and signalling molecules within the body. Lipids function as mechanical support for the vital body organs. Definition: lipids are biomolecules composed of long chain hydrocarbon chains formed mainly by ester linkage between alcohol and fatty acids

1. BETA OXIDATION OF FATTY
ACIDS
UNIT III: Lipid metabolism

2. INTRODUCTION TO LIPIDS
Introduction: Lipids are fats which
are essential for the body and that
required to perform some
functions.
These tings gets synthesized by the
liver and they will be get absorbed
by the other body parts.
Triglycerides and Cholesterol are
the main lipids in the living cell.
• Triglycerides acts as storage
house of energy in adipocytes
and muscle cell
• Cholesterol is ubiquitous
constituent of cell membrane,
steroids, bile acids and signalling
molecule and produces steroid
hormones
Function of lipids:
• They are the important sources
of energy and they all are most
energy rich of all class of
nutrients.
• They form the structural
components of cell membrane
and forms various messengers
and signalling molecules within
the body.
• Lipids function as a mechanical
support for the vital body
organs.
Classification of lipids:
Definition: lipids are biomolecules composed of long chain hydrocarbon
chains formed mainly by ester linkage between alcohol and fatty acids

3. Beta oxidation of saturated fatty acids (Palmitic acid)
“The oxidation of fatty acids on the beta carbon atom, this result in the sequential removal of two carbon atom”
Beta-oxidation mainly occurs
In the places like
Liver
Muscle
Adipose tissue
Site of beta oxidation of fatty acids:
Structure of fatty acids:
Beta oxidation of fatty acids involves three stages
1. Activation of fatty acids occurring in cytosol
2. Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria
3. Beta- oxidation proper in mitochondrial matrix.

4. 1. Activation of fatty acids occurring
in cytosol (Stage of activation)
In Cytosol
2. Transport of fatty acids into
mitochondria (Stage of
transport)
• Fatty acids gets converted into
Acyl CoA in the presence of
enzyme thiokinase.
• During the reaction first the
fatty acids will be gets
converted into acyladenylate
with the enzyme thiokinase.
• Acyladenylate further gets
converted into Acyl CoA in the
presence of enzyme
thiokinase.
• In this reactions the presence
of Mg2+ isvery much essential
• Inner mitochondrial
membrane is impermeable to
activated fatty acids (Acyl CoA)
so for the transportation
carnitine carrier system is
essential
• The activated fatty acid (Acyl
CoA) binds to carnitine in the
presence of enzyme CPT-I
hence there is a removal of
CoASH and carnitine takes
place
• The formed acyl carnitine
which is present in outer
mitochondrial membrane can
be transported to inner
mitochondrial membrane
with the help of enzyme CPT-II
(present in inner MCM).
• When it enters the inner MCM
carnitine and acyl CoA gets
separated and the separated
carnitine is reused. The Acyl
COA further undergoes 3rd
stage of reaction.

5. 3. Beta oxidation proper in mitochondrial matrix
In mitochondrial matrix beta-Hydroxyacyl CoA
1. Oxidation: Acyl CoA dehydrogenase and
forms doble bond.
2. Hydration: Enoyl CoA hydrolase cause
hydration and forms beta-hydroxyacyl CoA.
3. Oxidation: beta hydroxy CoA
dehydrogenase catalyse 2nd oxidation and
generates NADH and forms product beta
ketoacyl CoA.
4. Cleavage : causes formation of 2-carbon
atom compounds I.e. Acyl CoA and Acetyl
CoA from beta ketoacyl CoA in the presence
of enzymes.

6. Sl No Mechanism ATP Yield
1 Beta oxidation of 7 cycles
a. 7 FADH2
(Each FADH2 gives 2 ATP via oxidation) so,
7X2= 14
b. 7 NADH
(Each NADH liberates 3 ATP in ETC by Oxidation)
7X3= 21
14
21
2 From 8 acetyl CoA
(Each Acetyl CoA produces 12 ATP in TCA cycle during
oxidation)
8X12= 96
96
Energetics:
Total energy from one molecule of palmitoyl CoA 131
Energy utilized for formation of Palmityl CoA 02
Net yield of oxidation of one molecule of palmitate 129
Hence from this energetics chart its been proved that beta oxidation ultimately generates high energy

7. THANK YOU