the cables are very important and important for civil engineers to learn the different types of cable usage in modern civil engineering

1. Uses Of Cables In
Engineering World
Muhammad Shehzad
Section E ,
Class # 139

2. Cables :
• A cable is two or more wires running side by
side , bonded and twisted together to form a
single assembly.

3. PROPERTIES :
• STRENGTH :
• ELASTIC
• UNINTERRUPTED
• HEAT AND TEMPERATURE RESISTANT
• CORROSION RESISTANT
• UNIFORM EDGES ( SMOOTH SURFACE )
•
• Resistant to water absorption

4. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTRIC CABLES
:
• 1mm2 = 1/44”
• 1.5mm2 = 3/29”
• 2.5mm2 = 7/29”
• 4mm2 = 7/36”
• 6mm2 = 7/44”
• 10mm2 = 7/52”

5. • 16mm2 = 7/64”
• and a lot of more cables hence used
according to the needs and desired project

6. • COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE:
I. The center of cable ( Ag, Cu , Al , Ni , Sn )
II. The shielding
III. And the Insulation
• TYPES ON ASSEMBLY BASES :
1. Bunched
2. Concentric turning
(the layers alternate interms of their twisting
directions )

7. • 3 _ Unilay
( the layers are in the same direction )
• 4 _ Ropelay
• Cabling should be done neatly
incase of troubleshooting

8. 1. ROPELAY 2- UNILAY
3- BUNCHED 4- CONCENTRIC

9. CONCENTRIC

10. UNILAY :

11. ROPELAY :

12. SHIELDING :
• Its done with a conductive metal
• A type of coating
• Guass’s law .. Explanation
• Helps preventing
• SIGNAL LEAKAGE
• ELECTROSTATIC INTERFERENCE NEARBY

13. INSULATORS :
• PVC ( most common )
Cheapest
• Halogen emitter
Dangerous in tunnels or confined limited
spaces (AIR CRAFTS ETC )
• POLY ETHYLENE (PE)
• POLY PROPYLENE (PP)

15. REMEDIES :
• LSZH
LOW SMOKE ZERO HALOGEN
• To be used instead of ordinary PVC
• In sensitive areas

16. ELECTRIC CABLES IN CONSTRUCTION :
•
WHERE TO PUT WHICH CABLE IN
CONDTRUCTION ?????
• MAIN SUPPLY : 7/52 (SERVICE WIRE )
• AC LOADS : 7/44
• MOTOR : now motor’s extension depends upon
the ampere or current intake
i.e maybe 7/44 or 7/36
• SWITCH BOARD CIRCUITS : 7/29

17. • EARTHED WIRINGS : 1/44
• DOUBLE AC OR HEAVY LOADS : 7/52
• SO IN GENERAL THE CABLE TYPE TO BE USED
DEPENDS UPON THE LOAD BEARING

18. • Inorganic coatings and boxes around cables
safeguard the adjacent areas from the fire
threat associated with unprotected cable
jacketing. However, this fire protection also
traps heat generated from conductor losses,
so the protection must be thin.

19. Poly_Vinylchloride {PVC}
• Polyvinyl chloride,commonly
abbreviated PVC, is the world's third-most
widely produced synthetic plasticpolymer,
after polyethylene and polypropylene
Electric cables
• PVC is commonly used as the insulation on
electrical cables

20. In case of fire :
• In a fire, PVC-coated wires can form hydrogen
chloride fumes; the chlorine serves to
scavenge free radicals and is the source of the
material's fire retardance. While HCl fumes
can also pose a health hazard in their own
right, HCl dissolves in moisture and breaks
down onto surfaces, particularly in areas
where the air is cool enough to breathe, and is
not available for inhalation

21. Fire protection !!!!!
• In building construction, electrical cable
jacket material is a potential source of fuel for
fires. To limit the spread of fire along cable
jacketing, one may use cable coating materials
or one may use cables with jacketing that is
inherently fire retardant. The plastic covering
on some metal clad cables may be
stripped off at installation to reduce the
fuel source .

22. • IN MECHANICS :
a cable is needed for lifting , dragging or
conveying a force through tention
IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
the power generated is transmitted to
homes through electricity cables ,, the current
and voltage drops thus have to be minimized

23. OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES :
• An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one
or more optical fibers that are used to carry
light. The optical fiber elements are typically
individually coated with plastic layers and
contained in a protective tube suitable for the
environment where the cable will be deployed
PHENOMENON : TIR

25. TENDON CABLES :
• For Strength !!
Way of installment
• Desired products
• Expensive

26. CABLE BRIDGES :
it should be according to
the needs required
e.g in bridge engineering
the cables should be
strong enough to
support the deck of a
bridge

28. Centrifual forces provided by cables

29. MILLAU CABLE BRIDGE !!
Worlds highest so far

30. Suspension bridges

31. Difference

32. • THE END !!