The Importance Of Computer Crimes

The Importance Of Computer Crimes
The advancement of computer technology and networking has rapidly expanded communications but as we progress with the wage of the new world
technology comes with it own costs. The same technology that provides useful services can be used against its users and benefit computer terrorist to
get our information, take our identity and preview our personal lives without many of us knowing what has happened until it is too late. Continuous
advancing technology provides criminals and terrorists with a variety of new tools and opportunities to conduct their agendas against current technology.
There are four major types of computer crimes, which are; using the computer as a target, using the computer as an instrument of the crime, using the
computer as an incidental to a crime, and crimes associated with the prevalence of computers. These crimes can be committed in many different forms.
An example of using the computer as a target would be denial of service or altering data while using the device. Using the computer as an instrument
would be Cybercriminal using computers and networks for crimes such as theft, theft of service, fraud, exploitation, and threats or harassment. (Yurieff,
2017). Computers are now often used as instruments to make threats or harass individuals. When using the computer as incidental that could be seen as
a pattern or incident of criminality uses a computer simply for ease in maintaining the efficacy of criminal transactions. Lastly an example of crimes
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Computer Crime Report
Computer Crime Report – CM0431
Introduction
In this computer crime report, the following will be discussed about the computer crime of Botnets. This report will explain the role of computer
forensics has in detecting and deterring the use of botnets, the hardware and software used in forensically investigating botnets, the legal context of
using botnets such as legislation related to offences caused by using botnets, and the ethical and professional challenges faced by computer forensics
practitioners in investigating botnets.
A botnet is defined ( http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/38866/botnet, 2014) as a compromised group of computers, generally in large
groups, that are used to generate spam (such as phishing emails in large quantities), spread viruses to infect new machines, and flood a network or
web server using an enormous amount of request repeatedly and cause it to fail, this is known as a distributed denial of service attack (DDOS).
The infected computers are normally infected by a Trojan horse virus, once infected the virus usually opens an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) channel, this
channel will wait for commands from the user in command of the botnet network. In the modern world, there is large, and growing, industry of selling
lists of infected computers to hackers and spammers.
Rik Ferguson (2010) stated the first use of botnets came about in 1999, and the malware that started it all off was known as "Sub7", a Trojan virus and
"Pretty Park", a computer worm.

Computer Crime And Inadequacy Of Computer Laws
Computer Crime and Inadequacy of Computer Laws
Introduction
On 9 February 2015, Moscow–based security firm, Kaspersky Lab, released a report indicating that a group of international hackers stole an amount
summing up to 1 billion from 100 banks. These attacks were carried out in 30 different nations by installing malware, which enabled them to gain
control of the banks' internal operations. Although such hacks have been attempted before, the scale and sophistication of the attacks, which spanned
several countries over several years, had experts concerned that this represents a new trend (Kaja 4).
Over the past decades, the world has experienced a vast increase in the availability of electronic resources. However, with these advancements,
computer crime has become the new form of criminal activity that takes advantage of electronic resource (Michael & Patrick 4). Consequently, these
new forms of crime are burgeoning and pose a new challenge to law enforcement agencies at all levels. The question is how do they prevent,
investigate, and prosecute these crimes. Law enforcement agencies from the local to the federal level are beginning to institute specific units devoted
to handling computer–related offenses. Currently, there does not exist a uniform method to define and address computer crime and computerfraud.
Undoubtedly, this has significantly hampered the fight against this vice. In addition, the fact that the public in general, as well as the law enforcers, are
not well

The Worst Computer Crime Of Children
Within the blink of an eye, technology has changed the entire face of humanity forever, and it is seen no greater than in the current era of social
media, streaming content, smartphone usage in billions of people, and most importantly, the internet. In the span of two decades, it has become the
dominant force for everything within our lives: professional, commercial, personal and even criminal. This was to be expected, for a tool that has the
power to transmit information, video and much more to any other person in the world is an invaluable one, but the damage it has done isn't able to be
calculated, for the realm of activity encompasses multitude areas including theft, hacking, terrorism and much more. However, what is able to be easily
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However, the rise of the internet allowed for a new way for child pornography to flourish, with simple websites being distributed to those who could
see it from the safety of their own homes. However, as the law matured and came to battle this, new ways to distribute the pornography were also
invented, a tit–for–tat war that always had each side claiming victories and losses. Though, now it seems that newest feature on the internet to allow
for child pornography to be distributed easily is the Deep Web. This is a part of theWorld Wide Webthat is not discoverable by means of standard
search engines, including password–protected or dynamic pages and encrypted networks. It was created by the US government and has legitimate and
useful purposes, including journalistic freedom in repressed nations, activists on freedom of speech and the leaking of secrets that are having an
adverse effect on others. However, the anonymity presented by the Deep Web and it's search engine, TOR (The Onion Router), has allowed for
criminal means to occur with perhaps millions of users across the world being undetected. Naturally, the argument for this paper is not if we should be
allowing this, but how strong we should be going against this. As such, the evidence will be given that total war should be taken against these networks,
to flush out the pedophiles on these sites, take them down permanently and arrest the individuals who both create this smut and view it. As shown by
Elise

The Pros And Cons Of Computer Crime
Part A: Computer Crime
The integration of computer utilization in every aspect of economic activities has increased the vulnerability of people to criminal activities; whereas, a
computer is employed as instruments of crime such as murder, child pornography, hacking, virus distribution or fraud. Presently, computers are the
newest criminality instrument utilized today; as such, individuals who comprehend in what manner to employ them can access doors that only a small
number of people are even aware exist (Rosoff, Pontell &Tillman, 2013).
Nowadays, corrupted software programs are substituting the fabricated account books, the desired customary mechanism of an embezzler. The
characteristic weaponries of the burglar likewise today be depicted from a far more cutting–edge arsenal encompassing such contemporary instruments
as automatic cashier systems and electronic account transfers. In a nutshell, white–collar crime has entered the computer era (Rosoff, Pontell &Tillman,
2013).
As well, the internet provides an environment in which computers are the tools employed to commit computer crimes or the target in the crime.
Computer crimes is defined as acts committed against a person with a criminal motive by using modern technology in telecommunication networking
such as the internet. The crimes may affect the target financially, health wise or even psychologically. "High
–profile computer crimes may include
copyright infringement, fraud, child pornography, and grooming. Currently,

Computer Crime: Hacking
Throughout the years the rate of computer crime has only been getting worse. For one thing the security development is falling behind the hackers'
knowledge how to bypass the latest security advancements. If the hackers' are ahead of the newest security breaches then it does no good on helping
the average person because they are at risk of having information stole from them at any point in time (Martin). If new security advancements don't find
a way to get back in front of the hackers' knowledge then this worldly known problem will only continue to escalate throughout the next
generations and the following making them have to work harder to solve the problems that we created for them and did nothing to fix it
(Bellmore). Right now it is a major problem that needs to be resolved but it has to be acted upon very soon with determination or else it will just
continue until the point where we lose control and hackers' rule the world and nobody can stop them (O'Harrow). In order to unravel this difficult
situation it is important that these current issues we are involved in are throw of the track of going on a express train the wrong direction to the dark
side of the hackers' we need help to bring it back to the light.
One of the issues that this brings up is legal since it is highly illegal to hack anything for any purpose. It doesn't matter whether you are one person at
his home or a whole company no one has ever heard about because it is top secret since they are top ranked

Computer Crime Essay
The introduction of computers in to the modern household has brought with it new moral issues. In the last 10 years computers have become
increasingly cheaper to buy, due to huge technological advances and fierce competition, driving prices down. It the wake of the computer revolution
the internet has followed quickly, becoming faster, cheaper and more accessible. With these technological advances the world has become increasingly
smaller enabling piracy and file sharing to become common practice. Society now has many new issues to work through, from invasion of privacy to
the copying of movies and hacking.
To define exactly what computer ethics is a difficult task due to it being tied to an evolving technology, the field changes ... Show more content on
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He suggested that the computer revelation is happening in two stages. The first is the introduction and enhancement phase. This stage has been and
gone. The second stage is the implementation of computing into everyday life, in which the world is currently in the process of.
Computers are becoming apart of everyday activities, the threat is, this increases the chance of you becoming a victim of a form of computer crime
[Khanna, 2005]. The notion of computer viruses or the thought that someone could hack into your computer from halfway around the world is
certainly a major issue in the ideas of Computer Ethics. Where once physical security was the main problem, it appears that 'logical security' is
considered more important [Khanna, 2005].
Spafford, Heaphy and Ferbrache divided the concept of logical security into five characteristics: Privacy and confidentiality, Integrity, Unimpaired
service, Consistency and controlling access [Spafford, 1989].
Privacy was one of the first major issues to arouse public interest. Major computer privacy laws were introduced in the 1970s [Hernandez, 1987]
however, since then the issue of privacy has still remains a serious topic. One of the major concerns surrounding the invasion of privacy is the
relatively simplistic method it takes to set up such a task. Once inside a system, (e.g.

Running head: COMPUTER CRIME
Categories of Computer Crime
S.R Skolnick
Strayer University
In today's society computers are used to commit crimes. These crimes are separated into four categories. These categories are as follows, the computer
as a target, the computer as an instrument of crime, the computer as incidental to a crime, and crimes associated with the prevalence of computers.
In example of the computer as a target, is a case of Kevin Mitnick. Kevin Mitnick was once known as the world's most wanted social engineering
computer hacker. From the 1970s up to his arrest in 1995, Mitnick was able to elude them bypass corporate security safeguards. Mitnick was able to
get into some of the well–guarded systems in the corporate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These crimes will include but not limited to money laundering, criminal enterprise, child pornography, and will ring victims into compromising
situations.
In this category crimes associated with the prevalence of computers, the crimes include intellectual property violations, component that, counterfeiting,
identity theft, and a number of corporate offenses. In this category intellectual–property violations are described as piracy. Piracy includes the illegal
downloading of music and movies. I believe the category of the computer as a target presents the greatest overall threat at this present time. The
reasons for this is, computers as a target for instance computer hacking. Computer hacking enables people with this ability to access our nation's
defense system. With this being said, this becomes a national security issue. Secondly, computer as a target enables people what this ability, to commit
identity theft. As we know identity theft is on the rise. Identity theft causes millions and millions of dollars to be stolen or used by cyber criminals.
These crimes make it very difficult for the victims to get everything back to normal before their identities were stolen. In this day and age, computers
and the Internet have made criminals into better criminals, while law enforcement, US government, and the court systems are back in the game playing
catch–up. Law enforcement does not have

Growing Threat of Computer Crimes
Running head: THE GROWING THREAT OF COMPUTER CRIME The Growing Threat of Computer Crime Diana Ritter Baker College of Cadillac
May 9, 2001 Abstract Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage,
murder, and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1958. One study of 1,500computer crimes established that most of them were committed by
trusted computer users within businesses; persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. With the arrival of personal computers to
manipulate information and access computers by telephone, increasing numbers of crimes––electronic trespassing, copyrighted–information piracy,
vandalism––have been ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Convicted computer hacker, John Lee, a founder of the infamous "Master's of Deception" hacker group stated that he could change credit card records
and bank balances, get free limousines, airplane tickets, and hotel rooms (without anyone being billed), change utility and rent rates, distribute
computer software programs free to all over the internet, and easily obtain insider trading information. Imagine.........this is just one person. Think of all
the hundreds of "hackers" that are out there. Computer stalking. One type of computer criminal rapidly emerging is the "cyber stalker". One such
stalker, the pedophile, surfs the net looking to build relationships with young boys or girls and then sets out to meet them in person to pursue his/her
sexual intensions. This type of activity also leads to sellers of child pornography over the internet. Virtual crimes. Stock and bondfraud is already
appearing on the internet. Stocks and bonds that appear on the market are actively traded (for a short period of time) and then disappear. These stocks
and bonds are nonexistent–only the electronic impulses are read. One must note, however, no matter how clever the hacker, the most serious security
threat in most enterprises is password theft. Password stealing is the "holy grail" of hacking. Once a username/password combination has been found,
the hacker has free rein to exploit that user account. Firewalls, intrusion detection

The Four Major Categories Of Computer Crimes Essay
–Within this writing assignment, I will discuss the four major categories of computer crimes. I will explain the most common forms of digital crime
and why cyber terrorism is the greatest threat. I will also discuss the roles of the U.S. government, court systems, and law enforcement agencies in
combating computer crime. First, we will define the four major categories of computer crimes.
–The technical definition of computer crimes is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred to as a hacker that illegally
browse or steals a company 's or individual 's private information, but in general terms, it is the unauthorized use of a computer for personal gain, as in
the illegal transfer of funds or to alter the data or property of others (Computer Crime, 2016). There are four major categories of computer crimes, first
we will discuss using the computer as a target. When using the computer as a target, they must do two things: intrusion meaning to gain access to the
computer and deny the owner of the computer access to the service and data. Intrusion is when the individual alters the data. To use the computer as
a target, the hacker must alter the password and/or login and by doing this he is denying the owner access to the data. If a hacker makes a copy of
data they are denying the owner rights to privacy of his or her data. The hacker will use that information to intrude upon another computer. One popular
method that can be used to deny service is to

Cyber Crime And Computer Related Crimes
When faced with problems as a computer forensics investigator you must be very flexible. There are many different types of computer related crimes
in today's society. They may range from child pornography to identity theft to even insider trading on Wall Street. The possibilities for the criminals in
our world to use computers and the Internet against us are endless. The computer forensics or cyber forensics fields are growing but are still learning
every day because it is such a young field of study. New things emerge every day that computer forensic investigators must adapt to and begin to learn
to help combat these criminals. Investigators will use many tools to help them find incriminating evidence. These investigators must learn these tools
inside and out to make sure every test they run can be valid. The computer forensics field is growing rapidly and there are a lot of real world threats
that we need these investigators to help us solve.
There are many examples of cyber crime and computer related crimes. There is a certain case that interested me very much when I was reading
through a website of real life cyber forensic cases. The case interests me because I just went through some problems with fraud online. I was hacked
on either Facebook or PayPal and I had $100 dollars stolen from my account. This, of course, was handled, but I was very curious to know how this
could have happened which made this case interesting to me. I found a fairly recent case based out of

Computer Technology And Its Impact On Computer Crime
"Cyberwarfare is the use of computer technology to disrupt the activities of a state or organization, especially the deliberate attacking of information
systems for strategic or military purposes" (Oxford Dictionary, 2016). While this definition may seem fitting on a global basis the idea of cybercrime
can encompass any valuable information of an individual, company, government, or military entity. The termhacker came about in the early 80's
defining a coup of people where were proficient at manipulating computers. However, in 2016 the Oxford Dictionary defines hacker as "a person who
uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data". In the early stages of cybercrime hackers spread programs called worms, computer viruses and
trojan ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Users would click on the links, be rerouted to a web page that looked like their bank, but was actually a page developed by the hackers. Once the users
entered their user ID and password, the hackers had all the information they needed to access the users accounts.
In the early 2000's new criminal opportunities arose by attacking Web sites. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks took place by having large numbers of
computers accessing a Web site at the same time. This provided cyber criminals with two things, global visibility, and financial opportunity. As
technologies evolve and advance, so do the abilities of the hackers. Now, the goal is to stay one step ahead. It is not a matter of if a system can get
hacked, but rather a question of when.
Specific functional business areas have common aspects of their software and hardware setup. For example, the banking industry uses financial
software and specific hardware, such as Automated Teller Machines. The medical industry uses medical records software and specific hardware, such
as ultrasound and X–ray machines. The energy industry, uses substations controlled by master servers. ""Every substation is controlled by the master,
which is controlled by the operator," says researcher Chris Sistrunk who, along with Adam Crain, found vulnerabilities in the products of more than 20
vendors. "If you have control of the master, you have control of the whole system, and you can turn on and off power at will. An intruder could exploit

The Pros And Cons Of Computer Crime
Computer crime which can be also referred to as a cybercrime, e – crime or a hi–tech crime. Computer crime can be termed as an event which is dome
by a computer user who is sometimes referred to as a hacker. The hacker is mainly involved in some sort of activity which can be termed as an
illogical activity by means of which browsing or stealing the information of the private company or individual are obtained with the intention of
personal benefits which can be obtained from the prospective of the hacker (Ezeano et al., 2017). In some cases, it can be seen that the group of
people or individual may be malicious and destroy or to be precise corrupt the computer and the files which are stored in the system. There is
different type of crimes which are performed on a variety of platform which impact a varied sectors and a varied audience. The main way to conduct
the crime is the use of a network and a computer system. In some cases, it has been noted that the use of computers has been used to commit the
crime, and on other cases it is seen that the main target of the attack is the computer of the user (Mazurczyk, Holt & Szczypiorski, 2016).
Computer virus can be termed as one type of computer program when one's open replicate themselves in the other system's hard disk. This is mainly
done without the consent of the user of the system. Creating a computer virus and mainly disseminating it can be referred to as a computer crime. The
most common way by which the virus can infect

The vulnerability of computerised accounting information...
Abstract.
The objective of this essay is to determine the vulnerability of computerised accounting information system to computer crime and the solutions to
prevent such crime from occurring in organisations. Ever–Changing information technology has made computerised accounting processes easier.
However, it has also created significant threats in relation to ensuring the security and reliability of computerised accounting information systems.
Using an accounting software package such as MYOB can be vulnerable to frauds if internal controls are not implemented correctly. Fraudulent
activities such as unauthorised use of data, theft of inventory, theft of funds and incorrect financial reporting can be conducted by internal employees of
an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Controls procedures are management's response to risks and risks identified in risk assessment stage. Another part of identifies key risks in electronic
exchange of information and money, so the control procedures can prevent unauthorized use of data from being accessible (Albrecht, et al, 2003).
Using accounting software packages such as MYOB can pose significant vulnerability to computer crime. The location of computer in the user's area
can result in unauthorized use of data file and misuse of computer recourses. Controls suggested to prevent these can be password protection and
physical control over computer hardware such as locks and read only access. As well as providing unauthorized access to people, a lack of technical
knowledge by the uses of MYOB can raise potential risks such as hardware failure or release or confidential data. A control to offset these risks could
include documentation and checklists and regular maintenance of software and hardware.
Use of utility programs to configure data files of a software package can lead to several risks such as unauthorized access to data and program,
undetected changes to file and processing of unauthorized transactions (Davia, Coggins, Wideman Kastantin, 2000, p154). The primary means of
controlling these risks are to limit access to system utilities used by employees. In addition if a proper firewall is not installed data and information
can be viewed that passes along a network

Computers and Crime
Computers and Crime
Computers are used to track reservations for the airline industry, process billions of dollars for banks, manufacture products for industry, and conduct
major transactions for businesses because more and more people now have computers at home and at the office. People commit computer crimes
because of society's declining ethical standards more than any economic need. According to experts, gender is the only bias. The profile of today's
non–professional thieves crosses all races, age groups and economic strata. Computer criminals tend to be relatively honest and in a position of trust:
few would do anything to harm another human, and most do not consider their crime to be truly dishonest. Most are ... Show more content on
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They also point out that, while the computer networks and the results are a new kind of crime, they are protected by the same laws and freedom of
any real world domain. "A 14–year old boy connects his home computer to a television line, and taps into the computer at his neighborhood bank and
regularly transfers money into his personnel account."(2600:Spring 93,p.19) On paper and on screens a popular new mythology is growing quickly in
which computer criminals are the
'Butch Cassidys' of the electronic age. "These true tales of computer capers are far from being futuristic fantasies."(2600:Spring 93:p.19) They are
inspired by scores of real life cases. Computer crimes are not just crimes against the computer, but it is also against the theft of money, information,
software, benefits and welfare and many more. "With the average damage from a computer crime amounting to about $.5 million, sophisticated
computer crimes can rock the industry."(Phrack 25,p.6)
Computer crimes can take on many forms. Swindling or stealing of money is one of the most common computer crime. An example of this kind of
crime is the Well
Fargo Bank that discovered an employee was using the banks computer to embezzle

Digital Evidence and Computer Crime
Digital Evidence and Computer Crime: Forensic Science, Computers, and the Internet is essentially a guide on how to collect and process digital
evidence in any situation. In this book, digital evidence is defined as "any data stored or transmitted using a computer that support or refute a theory
of how an offense occurred or that address critical elements of the offense such as intent or alibi" (Casey, 7). Most crimes today have some kind of
digital element to them, from the crime itself to the criminal's use of computer systems to communicate, store incriminating data, or search for ways to
commit a crime and this creates new challenges for those in law enforcement (Casey, 3). To fully understand what digital evidence is and how it is to...
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As Casey states, a person's computer and network usage can give more information about him/her than even his/her closest friends and family ever
could (Casey, 8).
As most people know, connecting computers and computer networks is inherently risky, however necessary it might be (Casey, 6). However, computer
crime began in 1969, when university students burned the university's computers in a protest (Casey, 35). In 1970, people were beginning to learn how
to gain access to other computers, an act that was not illegal at the time (Casey, 35). As technology has changed, cybercriminals have adapted to it and
they will continue to adapt as long as technology continues to change (Casey, 304).
While there is a wide range of compute crime, there are four main categories that every computer crime falls under. The first category is when the
computer is the object of a crime. This type of crime occurs when the computer itself is affected, like in the 1969 computer burnings (Casey, 40). The
second is when the computer is the subject of the crime. This occurs when the computer is infected with malware or is made unusable to the owner
(Casey, 40). Third on the list is using the computer as a tool to plan or commit the crime. This category includes searching the Internet, communicating
with partners or intended victims, or using the computer to commit phishing scams and create malware and infect other computers (Casey, 40). The final

Information Technology In Criminal Justice: Digital...
Digital Computer Crime
John Saint Ange
CIS 170– Information Technology in Criminal Justice
Dr. Lisa Kramer
The four major categories of computer crimes are identity theft, financial crimes,
Information and Corporate espionage and last but not least is the production and distribution of
Child pornography ( Taylor, R.W., Fritsch, E.J., & Liederbach,J.).
One example of identity theft would be when a hacker assumes the identity of another person to
To steal money from the victim's financial account, such as a laboratory aide an employee of a
San Diego pharmaceutical company stole 40 employees' identities. The aide has obtained 75
credit cards, 20 cellular phones, $100,000 in merchandise and rented three apartments ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Every local police department should employed or have on staff depending, on the population and cyber–crime rate percentage a police officer or white
hat hacker employee. According to
Donnelly, M. he stated that stopping cyber–crime depends on two factors. First, by providing a more secure internet infrastructure, and globally
policing of cyberspace to backup other security methods such as biometrics. Second solution is to provide a second generation internet.
In conclusion cyber threat is real and scary, according to the FBI statistics an identity thief occurred every three seconds. We as U.S. citizen's need to
partition, our governors, legislative representative and the U.S. government to do more to protect are identity and country. By increase a secure and
placing structuring artificial intelligence network in such places including the Drivers Motor Vehicle, Tag agencies, Social security department, credit
card companies, passport office and our health care system. Until then if these measures are not immediately taken into effect, all law enforcement

agency will be fighting a losing battle.
.
.

Computer Crimes And Computer Crime
computer crimes oc/wcc
Introduction
Ever since computers and networks were invented there have been hackers and computer crimes have grown with the advancement of technology. As
with the advancement of technology and computer crimes there have been many types of computer crimes that have evolved with technology. There
have been laws in place to help reduce and regulate computers and computer crimes.
History of computer crimes
Computers and networks became increasingly known and used in the 1990s. Hackers back then were more interested in attaining information about
different systems. Hacking became almost like a competition, hackers would compete to win the title of the best hacker. Hacking was not seen as a big
problem, it was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Theft is when someone violates copyrights and illegally downloads movies, games, software, and music. Cyber stalking is another form of computer
crime. Cyber stalking is where someone is stalking someone online through online messaging, emails, and social networks. The cyber stalkers usually
known their victims, but if they feel that internet stalking isn 't enough they begin stalking the person in real life. Another form of computer crime is
identity theft. An identity thief steals information about a person 's bank account, credit cards, debit cards, and other private information to steal the
persons money and buy things online or even sell the information to other criminals. Malicious software is another type of computer crime. Malicious
software is internet based software or programs that are used to get into a system and steal sensitive information or they use it to cause damage to the
system. The last type of computer crime is child pornography. Criminals try to make money off of minors by using chat rooms and websites for the
purpose of producing child pornography.
Categories of computer crimes
There are many types of computer crimes some worse than others as we have types of computer crimes there are also categories of computer crimes.
There are three categories for computer crimes and each category uses different methods in dealing with computer criminals. The three categories of
computer crime is individual, property, and government. The

The Growing Threat of Computer Crime Essay
Abstract
Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery,
since the first cases were reported in 1958. One study of 1,500 computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer
users within businesses; persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. With the arrival of personal computers to manipulate
information and access computers by telephone, increasing numbers of crimes––electronic trespassing, copyrighted–information piracy,
vandalism––have been committed by computer hobbyists, known as "hackers," who display a high level of technical expertise. For many years, the
term hacker defined ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is evident by the frequency of reports in the local media. Cash is the most vulnerable asset as it is the easiest for the perpetrator to convert to
personal use. Firms most vulnerable to theft of money are firms that must rely on one individual to perform the duties of office manager and
bookkeeper. Having more than one employee in the office provides an opportunity to effect certain internal controls, particularly separation of duties.
Small business owners should review their insurance coverage for employee dishonesty. While there are no standards to determine precisely the
amount of coverage necessary, the marginal cost of adding an extra $1,000 of coverage decreases as the coverage increases. A business owner should
consult with an insurance agent and err on the side of caution, just to be safe.
Although theft of money is a major subject when speaking of computer crime, there are also many other areas to be concerned about. Some of the
computer crimes for the 21st century will include: Communication crimes (cellular theft and telephone fraud).
Low–tech thieves in airports and bus terminals use binoculars to steal calling card access numbers. Thieves will park their vans along busy interstate
highways and use specialized equipment to steal cellular telephone access codes from the air. This is just the tip of the "iceberg".
Business. Most banking today is

Essay on Computer Crimes
Computer Crimes
Computer crimes are on the rise 1 in 10 Americans experience some form of a malicious attack on their computer system. If you pay attention to the
rest of this speech you will understand how a Hackers mind works and how to defend yourself from them. In this speech I will tell you why and how
people break into computers, what sorts of trouble they cause, and what kind of punishment lie ahead for them if caught.
Hackers and Crackers break into computer systems for any of a wide variety of reasons. Many groups break into computers for capital gain while still
others do it as a means to pass time at work or at school. For most it's a thrill to figure out how to break into a computer. Most people never have any ...
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Another way that Hackers cause trouble is by altering the telephone switching networks at MCI, AT&T, and Sprint. By doing this they are able to listen
to any conversation they choose. Often–times they will listen in on the Police and
FBI communicating with each–other. This allows them to move to a new location before they are found. Some Hackers use their knowledge of the
telephone system to turn their enemies home telephone into a virtual pay–phone that asks for quarters whenever you take the phone off the hook.
A person to commits a computer crime in caught will very likely face a substantial punishment. Often these types of criminals are never caught unless
they really screw up. The most wanted Hacker Kevin Mitinick was tracked down and arrested after he broke into a computer that belonged to a
Japanese security professional. After this man noticed that someone had gotten into his computer he dedicated the rest of his life to tracking down
this one man. Kevin was able to say one step ahead of police for some time but the fatal mistake that he made was leaving a voice–mail message on a
computer bragging about the fact that he thought he was unstoppable. When he was arrested he faced a 250,000 dollar fine, 900 hours community
service, and a 10 year jail sentence. Many schools and small businesses still don't have a clue about how to deal with computer crimes and the like
whenever they happen to strike.
In conclusion hopefully you now

Computer Crime Investigations Essay
In simple terms, computer or digital forensic evidence analysis is the scientific collection of data that is either retrieved or held by a computer storage
device that can be used against a criminal in a court of law. For the information to be used in court it should be collected before it is presentation;
therefore, there are a number of recommendations proposed to make sure that information collected meets the intended integrity.
Information collected digitally from computers or media storage applications has protocols that need be followed during the process. The order of
collecting digital information mostly determines the life expectancy of information collected (Eoghan, 2004, p. 74). There is a need to change
information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition some of the programs generating organizations have installed programs that can be used by the investigative agency.
Discussion Board
Some of the most important procedures used in collection of information to be used in a court of law include collecting live data from the RAMs
images. Such live recovery of information can be collected from the F–Response which can collect data from the networks of a computer. Information
can be collected when the computer is logged on or connected to the network or when the computer is executing (Carrier, 2006, p. 56). The other
procedure that can be used in the collection of information for forensic purposes is the encryption of hard disks. Encryption of the hard disk creates
logical images that can be collected using the F–Response (Eoghan & Gerasimos, 2008, p. 95). The other important procedure for collection of
information is making sure that all data storage devices are kept away from magnets and any other devices that might destroy data stored in them. It is
important that the handling individuals obtain the information collection manuals that help them collect information effectively (Eoghan & Gerasimos,
2008, p. 94).
It is important that a financial crime investigator obtains all information generated by the computer by analyzing the caches left in the hard disks. Data
recovery from the RAM and any other external drives makes data collected effective and applicable in a court

Cybercrime: Computer Crime
Cybercrime or sometimes called computer crime is basically not a newly develop form of fault except for the fact that it has evolved itself over time
by including newer and riskier modes of committing the crime often for money or may be accompanied by the most simple way to commit the crime,
by theft. Cyber crime has its operations spread in a variety of arenas be it white collar crime, economic crime, telecommunication, intellectual property
infringement, etc. information technology is the key player which assures the completion of such a crime.
The crime, by experts, has been defined as 'any illicit conduct carried out through the use of, or against, digital expertise.' It encompasses three areas of
movement:
– Crimes in the assignment of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, what we need under the present circumstances is a comprehensive approach to deal with the problem in question. In a recent survey by a private
organisation to tap on recent emerging threats of cyber crime, several issues from the world of digital technologies were enlisted.
A major threat was posed to mobile devices and applications. Each new smart phone, tablet or other mobile gadget, opens another window for a cyber
attack, as each creates another susceptible admission point to networks. This adverse dynamic is no top secret to thieves who are ready and waiting
with highly embattled malware and attacks utilizing mobile applications.
Social media among businesses is used intensely and equally intense is the risk of cyber crime these businesses face. In 2012, organizations can
anticipate to see an increase in social media profiles used as a means for social engineering tactics. To fight the risks, corporations will need to look
further than the basics of policy and procedure expansion to more advanced technologies such as data leakage prevention, enhanced network
monitoring and log file

Causes Of Computer Crime
In the United States, there are currently more than 85 million adults and around 10 million children with access to the Internet from a North America
investigation web site fact. With these numbers you can understand why cyber stalking is so common these days more than ever. With the emergence
of technology, computer crime has been increasing at rapid rate. The first type of computer crime that has the potential to cause high levels of distress
and damage is cyberstalking. Cyberstalking can be defined as using the Internet or other electronic means to harass, intimidate, threaten, monitor or
make unwanted advances towards another people. It can involve direct communications through e–mails, chat rooms sites, bulletin boards or social
sites such as twitter, snapchat and Instagram. The motivations for cyber stalking and harassment can range from many different things. One
motivation is to seek a romantic attachment with a person they probably wouldn't have a chance to talk to in the real world. Another reason for
cyber stalking can be a rejected person trying to seek revenge on that person, something that is very commonly heard these days. Cyber stalking can
even be used for political motives, when it comes to harassing a group of people who might have different thoughts as the harasser. One of the post
popular forms of cyber stalking is identity fraud which can involve a wide range of activities. Such as posting communications as if they are from
victim that may include

Laws on Computer Crimes
Laws on computer crimes
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986
This law is the most fundamental laws in computer crimes. It was designed to provide protection against computer based crimes. The increase in
computer crimes led to the establishment and passing of this law. The law specifically addresses any unauthorized access and the use of computer
networks or computers (W. C. Easttom & Taylor, 2011). Passing this law ensured that anyone accessing classified information held within a computer
without authorization was liable of a criminal offence. The society has been forced to respect and avoid accessing any information that is not theirs or
they are legally authorized to access. This protects the government from hackers and spies who have the intention of accessing confidential information
for malicious purposes. Restricting and criminalizing the access of information has allowed companies to confidently use computer systems for the
storage of the data and information.
The penalties and fines associated with breaking this law consist of jail terms ranging from 1 year to a maximum of 20 years. The jail term is
dependent on the severity of the offence committed. A person convicted of obtaining information that is considered to be of national security will
receive a jail term of 10 – 20 years (C. Easttom, 2010). Trespassing inside a government computer or network will attract a jail term of 1 year – 10
years. A person can intentionally access a computer and cause damage

Computer Crimes And The Criminal Justice System Essay
Around 1989, the Internet was created and with its creation and new opportunities, new ranges of crimes also emerged: Computer crimes. Conveniently
for criminals, there is no requirement for an offender to be at the scene of the crime physically, yet they achieve the same results. Due to the fact that
computer crimes involve a certain knowledge of technology, it has become an attractive field for young people. Throughout the years after the
invention of the internet, many criminal acts have been carried out by young offenders and law makers ought to quickly catch up in responding to new
threats. Thus, while it is rather timely to adopt and create new laws that criminalise certain cyber activities, the criminal justice system in England and
Wales developed various responses to young people who commit computer enabled and computer related crimes which, amongst others, include
hacking.
Computer enabled crime has been defined by Interpol as a way for criminals to take a new turn on old, traditional crimes with the advantages of the
internet and reach more victims ("Cybercrime", n. d.). McGuire and Dowling reported in a UK Home Office Research that the two most common
computer enabled crimes fall into fraud and theft, specifically in the financial sector (2013, p.4). Similarly, computer related crimes are
"considered as any illegal, unethical or unauthorised behaviour related to the automatic processing and the transmission of data" (Kaspersen, 1995).
Since theft has been

Why We Should Be Held Responsible For Computer Crimes
Main body The internet can be a tool and a weapon. This can seem like such an odd statement when considering how vital technology like this has
become in our everyday lives. However, what most people see is the vast array of knowledge and information that is at the tips of their fingers, but
what they do not see is how some people can use this information in a way that is harmful to everyone. There are so many stories that can be heard
today about how someone's personal information was stolen or how sensitive government material was leaked onto the internet due to a hacker.
This is only a few examples of what hackers can expose and the potential for how harmful they can be. To some, they feel that hackers should be
arrested for the crimes that they commit while others feel that they should be praised in exposing the flaws that some sites and corporations have
overlooked. The big debate seems to be should these people be held accountable for their crimes or should they be free to go. Computer crimes are no
different from other crimes, and computer criminals should be held responsible for the damage that they cause. To explain why these people should be
held responsible for their crimes, we must first look at how hacking came to be. According to an article written by CNN, "Hacking actually has some
pretty innocent and harmless beginnings"(). When hacking first began it was more about finding out information and learning how to make things
work more efficiently. In fact it was

The Assembly Bill 32 : Computer Crimes Introduced By...
The Assembly Bill 32: Computer Crimes introduced by Assembly Member Waldron, relates to the various amount of computer services that can be
wrongly used without permission. The disruption of computer services include government computer services or public safety infrastructure, add, alter,
damage, delete, or destroy any computer data, software, program, etc. (Waldron). Assembly Bill 32 clearly clarifies the criminal penalties for any
violation and those are subjected to fines and imprisonment. This bill has been created by the advanced number of high tech computer criminals that
have increased their capabilities to attack large retail stores, steal people's identity, hacked the White House website, and even the California
Department of Motor Vehicles computer system. As technology continues to advance over the years, people, businesses, and even governmental
agencies have been affected by computer criminals some way or another, therefore Assembly Bill 32 attempts to enforce its proposal to ensure
protection to its citizens and businesses in general either small or big corporations.
Computer crime has been a threat to society throughout the years and it has brought into question if citizens are really safe. Many types of crimes are
done through a computer. There have been many laws to try and improve the safe of many citizens against computer criminals. Therefore, the Computer
Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) 18 U.S. Code В§1030 from the late 1900's was created and it holds the

Identifying And Prosecuting Computer Crime
Identifying and Prosecuting Computer Crime
The development of any society is accompanied by a unique pattern of crime. The innovation of digital technology came to us as a blessing but not
without its' dark side. This innovation brought about novel challenges popularly referred to as cyber–crime. Policing the prevalence of cyber–crime and
its threat to electronic commerce has been of great concern to all government.
Twenty–first century, the criminals increasingly rely on advanced technologies and Internet to promote their illegal operations. According to Europol's
2011 Organized Crime Threat Assessment, "Internet technology has now emerged as a key facilitator for the vast majority of offline organized crime
activity." For instance, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The officials of U.S. face challenging task of detecting the perpetrators of nasty cyber incidents in which criminal and victim can be far removed from
one another. The person or persons behind an instance can range from sole actors to expansive illegal networks or even nation statuses. This dare of
actor ascription is further compounded by anonymity afforded by the digital realm.
It can sometimes be difficult to determine the actor's motivation–is the criminal driven by greed or glory in the form of recognition among fellow
criminals in the cyber world, or does the criminal have extensive ideological motives? Outcome the answers to these questions are key to distinguishing
between cyber–crimes and other cyber threats such as cyber–attacks, cyber espionage, and the cyber warfare. Pertinent distinctions exist among these
various nasty activities in the cyber domain just as lines have been drawn between their real world counterparts.
Most nations don't have a national policy exclusively focused on opposing cyber–crime. Somewhat, there are other, wide–ranging strategies that have
the cyber–crime components. Policymakers may question whether there should be a distinctive strategy for contesting cyber–crime or whether
struggles to control these criminalities are best addressed through further wide–ranging policies, such as that directing cyber

Computer Crimes And The Most Famous One Is Hacking
There are many types of computer crimes and the most famous one is hacking. Hacking is the ability of gaining unauthorized access to systems or
resources. Hacking is now commonly defined as someone breaking into a computer system. Trojan Horses is a program designed to breach the
security of a computer system. An example of this is someone writing a seemingly harmless program, while the program really contains harmful code
and data. There have even been programs that were "Trojan Horses". These programs were supposed to search and find viruses, but the program turned
out to be viruses itself.
Another type of computer crime is a worm. A computer worm replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. Worms can continually duplicate
themselves until they slow or halt other tasks of a computer. This is usually the time when a worm is noticed. Worms can also be very harmful in
networks. A worm can travel to a network and clog it up to the point of harming the computer. It then just gets up and moves to another network that
becomes another victim of its destruction...
The last computer crime I would like to talk about is theft. This crime occurs when a person violates copyrights and downloads music, movies, games
and software. There are even peer sharing websites such as bittorrent.com, bear share, and utorrent.com. These torrents and websites allows software
piracy and many of these websites are now being targeted by the FBI. Today, the justice system is addressing

The Dangers Of Computer Crime In The Internet
Computer Crime With the Evolving development in the technology of computers and communications, the world has benefited a lot, but the price
might also be very high. Computer crimes are now becoming severe problems that are costing up to billions of dollars. The US, where the computer
was invented and where the Internet was developed, it is considered to be the homeland of the worst computer crimes so far. Other countries are also
contracting this problem as their governments, businesses and individuals become more dependent on computers and networks. Computer crimes are
actively threatening the future of communication, confidentiality and even the integrity of companies and organizations. When people think of
computer crimes, many are inclined to think of computer theft, that is, when a person carries a computer, a notebook or a laptop that does not belong
to him and goes away with it. This is true because the theft of hardware and networks is still considered to be common in many countries, especially
the theft of portable computers that are very light, small and easy to carry. However, computer crimes are in fact much more complicated and
dangerous than just stealing a laptop. The world today is becoming a smaller and at the same time, connected village, mainly because of the Internet.
Thousands of companies, organizations, and agencies, in addition to millions of people all over the world, can contact each other and to communicate
through the computer and the Internet.

The Crime Of Computer Forensics
Computer Forensics
In a world where technology is increasingly becoming the way of life, it was only a matter of time before crime was no longer just in the streets but
happening online as well. Criminals now get a new approach to carry out their crimes with the use of computers. Since technology is more like a
murder mystery than catching the bad guy in the act, a new discipline of forensics needed to be put into place. This is known as computer forensics.
Forensic science is any science used for the purpose of law. In the case of computer forensics it is "the discipline that combines elements of law and
computer science to collect and analyze data from computer systems, networks, wireless communications, and storage devices in a way that is
admissible as evidence in a court of law" (U.S. Cert, 2008). Meaning if you do something illegal on the Internet it can be found. Since the widespread
use of computers, computer crime has caused an increase in computer investigations during the twenty first century. Some reasons for investigation
include: identity theft, such as stolen social security and credit card numbers, to find evidence of a cheating spouse, to investigate hackers on a
computer system, to find evidence of child pornography, and much more.
History of Computer Forensics
The 1970s were when military investigators first started finding instances of computer–related criminal activity and needed a more comprehensive
approach for solving these technical crimes.

ABSTRACT
Billions of dollars in losses have already been discovered. Billions more have gone undetected. Trillions will be stolen, most without detection, by the
emerging master criminal of the twenty–first century––the computer crime offender. Worst of all, anyone who is computer literate can become a
computer criminal. He or she is everyman, everywoman, or even every child. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
To first understand computer crime one must understand first what crime is. According to Diana Kendall, "crime is a behavior that violates criminal
law and is punishable with fines, jail or other sanctions" (Kendall 1999; 161). Yet since computer technology is so new it has really no laws to govern
it. A law is formal norms that are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have formed their own subcultures and hold many different beliefs about the information that is stored in personal computers. Said best by J.
Thomas McEwen in the article Computer Ethics many hackers believe that "computerized data [is] free and should be accessible to anyone (McEwen
1991; 8–11). A subculture is a group a group of people who share a different set of beliefs that differ significantly from the larger society (Kendall;
604). Besides forming subcultures, many hackers have learned their behavior from other hackers. Besides the fact that many hackers learn, their ways
from other hackers many after arrested are formally labeled as a hacker and a deviant, those who violate cultural norms and beliefs (Kendall; 598)
The labeling theory suggests that deviants are those have been labeled as such by others (Kendall; 166). As written by David Pitch ford in the
London magazine, Focus, one hacker after being arrested was not deterred, he instead became a more active and in "92 became cyberspaces first
megastar Pitchford; pages 10–13)." It was only after his second arrest that he stopped offences.
Besides the interactions, perspective on computer crime is the conflict theory. "The conflict theory states that people in power maintain their advantage
by using the law to protect their own interest." (Kendall; 168). Under the conflict perspective, hackers and other computer criminals are seen as deviant
because many hackers break into

Cybercrime Is Crime That Involves A Computer And A Network
Cybercrime is crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may be used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target.
Debarati Halder and K. Jaishankar (2011) define cyber–crimes as: "Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a
criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm, or loss, to the victim directly or indirectly, using
modern telecommunication networks such as Internet. Such crimes may threaten a nation's security and financial health. Issues surrounding these
types of crimes have become high–profile, particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement, child pornography, and child grooming.
There are also problems of privacy when confidential information is intercepted or disclosed, lawfully or otherwise.
The most popular cyber–crime in the present include fraud and financial crimes, cyber terrorism, cyber–extortion (occurs when a website, e–mail
server, or computer system is subjected to or threatened with repeated denial of service) and cyber war fare.
Practical cases of cyber–crimes recorded within the last 10 years.
In July 2013, Federal prosecutors charged five men responsible for a hacking and credit card fraud spree that made companies lose more than $300
million and two of the suspects were taken to custody in what is termed as the biggest cyber–crime case filed in U.S.A. history. They also disclosed a
new security breach against Nasdaq

Computer Crimes And Its Effect On Our Individual Privacy
Cybercrimes is a crime that is used through a computer device and a computer network. Many computers have been used to commit crimes, and it may
target individual or groups to harm a victim intentionally. Basically, computers are used in several different roles of criminal activity and it affects our
individual privacy. For example, criminals normally target computer networks or devices such as computer viruses identify theft, scams, terrorism, and
copyright infringement. Today, the three of most common computer crimes areinformation security systems, social networking and copyright
infringement. Unfortunately, the internet has impacted upon criminal and/or harmful activity in three main ways–this is after discounting the fact that
many of the behaviors that have been identified as cybercrimes are not actually crimes as such but invoke civil remedies instead (Wall, 200a).
First, information security is an organization–wide issue. Data and assets are debatably the most vital assets of any organization. Ensuring
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data is in the best interest of any organization. Information security experts acknowledge the importance of
policies in helping to mitigate liability, reduce costs, cope with regulations and assure proper audit and control procedures for securing our critical
infrastructure and assets. Confidentiality, integrity and availability are the three predominant principles of information protection. Compromising

Security Of Computer And Internet Crimes
Aloysius L. Keaton
Paper #1
Security to Stop Computer and Internet Crimes
Introduction
The computer and the Internet are important tools used by many people all around the world.
Usually the computer and internet are used for information. In today's society it is being used
for unlawful activities. It is being used to distribute child pornography, money laundering, credit
card fraud; identify theft, and all other types of crimes. Hackers are people who use their computer
skills to harm society. They are responsible for a great deal of these crimes. Information gathered by
hackers are available to anyone with the right type of computer skills. The less security you have on
your information has helped hackers gain access to information and destroyed people's lives,
corporations, and businesses. In this essay I plan to discuss security to stop computer and internet
crime, protecting your computer, and what security methods that have been put into place to prevent
computer crime. I will look into the following areas: What is computer crime? What are the different

types of computer crime? What to do to prevent hacking and protect computers?
Computer Crime
Computer crimes are on the rise 1 in 10 Americans have had to experience some form of attack
on their computer system. If you are connected to the internet in any shape, form, or fashion
then you are susceptible to being a victim of a computer crime. Computer crime is defined as
any

Information Technology In Criminal Justice: Digital...
Digital Computer Crime
Thalise Vieux
Dr. Lisa Kramer
Information Technology in Criminal Justice CIS 170
07/20/2015
There are four major categories in computer crime. The first is the computer as a target. Then would come the computer as an instrument of a crime.
Followed by computer as an incidental to a crime. Not to mention crimes associated with the prevalence of computers. These four major categories are
what contributes to digital crimes, involving the worldwide web. Many crimes have been committed using the computer as a target. Hackers have
been known to target major corporations and hack into their feeds and disrupt their network flow. In 2000, on February 7, the Yahoo domain was down
for three hours, due to hackers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result of Flurry committing fraud; he was sentenced by the federal court system. In my opinion, the majority of the government resources that is
used to stop digital computer crime, is mainly focused on terrorists entering in and out of the U.S. With the government outsourcing the Social Security
Administration, they need to implement a nationwide system that is monitoring the activities of each social security number. The system will send
alerts and notify that individual when their social security number is being using. Currently, government officials and law enforcements are not made
aware of identity theft, until it is has come to their attention of credit card or bank fraud being committed, totaling over

Significance Of Compute Crime And A Particular Emphasis...
Executive Summary this report will analyse and investigate the significance of compute crime and a particular emphasis towards computer
forensics. The key objective of this report is find out the final outcome through evidence which we as team have find out during our research while
using FTK. The importance part of this report is the procedure of Incident Response Stages and how you follow the guide set by Appco to resolve
the case. There will be main focus on technical aspect of the report and looking in to the main crime they have committed in this case. Objectives
Primary goal for the investigation is expressed underneath: Evaluate the picture sources which have been given by the college and check if the proof
which has been... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are types which investigator might come across as they look to investigate the case i.e. Emails. Media Files. Text Documents. Spreadsheet.
Text Messages. Internet History. CCTV. Gathering Data to start our Data Gathering we view the image and looked to view basic evidence such as
emails, sms, images and internet history. This information which taken from image or any electronic device plays a key role in filling evidence
for the case. It is important to keep track of the information and the data which you are collecting during the process, i.e. while using FTK it's
important to keep your evidence saved in separate folder. It's important to have the data recorded of every step just in case you lose you work so
you won't lose out. In my efforts to gather evidence I used two different software one of them is FTK and other one is Autopsy below I will show
few examples of me gather evidence. It is important while gather evidence have a rough idea on what kind of data are you gathering and what could
be possible outcome. Here are some example showing how we are gathering the data in Autopsy. Computer Evidence First Evidence Figure 1 First:
Evidence Data processing This image verify the investigation of the forensic case in which data processing is evident and information being retrieved.
This

The Crime Of Computer Forensics
In this era of economic recession, the one area that is not affected is the identity theft which is supposed to be a criminal venture of gigantic
proportion, earning millions for the offenders and causing a lot of grief and suffering for the victims. To tackle this menace, computer forensics
specialists are approached to provide the necessary proof that will incriminate the offenders as well as identify the fraud that has occurred. The
computer hackers leave a trail behind them just like us, while using the internet. The hackers make use of our IP addresses to track us and similarly
they too can be identified by the information left on the system used by the thieves. This is made possible by the experts in computer forensics. The
specialists in computer forensics are capable of creating data available in the form of unallocated bunches into a clear and precise order. The data
though erased by the criminals can be retrieved from the system. The system is equipped to store even the deleted information about the details that
were stored initially. The increase in the incidence of these identity thefts started with the advent of selling computers online in sites like EBay and also
various other auction websites. This does not hold the websites conducting the auction responsible but implicates the persons who put their system
gears for sale online. Installing a new operating system over the previous older system does not guarantee its complete removal and you need the

Association Of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) Guidelines For...
Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) Guidelines for the investigation of computer crime.
Abstract
In this essay I will be talking about the key guidelines when it comes to investigating computer related crimes, such as what kind of the sections and
sub–sections the offence falls under when regarding the 'law'. I will also analyse the principle that will apply when dealing with the collection data
using the digital forensic unit to analyse the data, more so how this is used to make accurate judgment on why the data was in this location and what
its purpose or intended use was. Furthermore I will address what kind the authority the ACPO are granted, and further dissect the responsibilities the
chief commissioner has. Lastly I will be addressing one the biggest computer related crimes which Cyber Crime and how ACPO created a method for
dealing with such crimes, such as dividing the crime into two different categories of Cyber Crime, and how they differ from one another.
Introduction
The ACPO has been established since the year of 1948 ,it was then fully implemented officially in the England, wales and Northern Ireland. The ACPO
stands for the association of chief police officers, it also consists of 43 police forces as well as the commissioner of the metropolitan police and the
city of London police. The association its self brings together the various expertise of chief police officers from the united kingdom providing a
professional forum of ideas , best

The Importance Of Computer Crimes

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