IHP 501 Module Four Project Preparation Worksheet Precious Teasley Southern New Hampshire University IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity 22TW2 Professor Esther Johnstone December 2,2022 Complete this worksheet by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. The purpose of this worksheet is to structure your submission to cover each of the relevant topics where the substance of your response is the focus instead of academic formatting. Feel free to outline or use bullets in your responses as needed. Ethnicity About 16 distinct ethnic groups and their languages coexist in Sierra Leone. In Sierra Leone, it's common for people to identify with a particular ethnicity and religion. People of a specific ethnicity are those who consider themselves to be part of a particular cultural group. One's ethnic identity is formed via shared experiences with those who share one's linguistic and cultural backgrounds and common ancestry. "ethnicity" means a collection of people with a common cultural background. One's sense of ethnic identity is founded on shared linguistic and cultural backgrounds, histories, and customs. The Temne are the largest single ethnic group in Sierra Leone, making up approximately 35.5 percent of the population (Gohdes, 2010).Most Temne live in and around Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone, and the Northern Province. The fundamental dwelling unit is the family, whether led by a man or a woman. Families (husband, wife(s), and children) form the backbone of most houses. For example, some families consist of many people (a father and son or two siblings) who are married to one other, while others have other, more distant relatives or even strangers living with them. The head of the household mediates arguments, conducts moot courts to settle family conflicts, and acts as the family's representative in village matters. Stakes Despite these persistent challenges, many people and organizations have worked to lessen poverty in Sierra Leone. In 2010, Sierra Leone initiated a free healthcare program called the Free Healthcare Initiative (FHCI). This program ensures that expectant mothers, new moms, and early infants have access to essential medical care to lower infant mortality rates. Sierra Leone is falling behind other countries in understanding citizens' rights and duties because of a lack of financing for educational initiatives. This adds to the already existing disparity between the sexes and further pushes women to the margins of society. The difficulty of entering the labor force and the societal conception of women as servants to men are both results of gender inequality. This thinking obstructs progress for Sierra Leone in a global community that places a premium on girls' education and gender equality. Meaning of Illness Due to a lack of knowledge, many people may not recognize the seriousness of a disease (McNamara, 2016). The high rates of death and morbidity may be attributed, in part, to the lack .

1. IHP 501 Module Four Project Preparation Worksheet
Precious Teasley
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity
22TW2
Professor Esther Johnstone
December 2,2022
Complete this worksheet by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant
information. The purpose of this worksheet is to structure your submission to cover each
of the relevant topics where the substance of your response is the focus instead of academic
formatting. Feel free to outline or use bullets in your responses as needed.
Ethnicity
About 16 distinct ethnic groups and their languages coexist in Sierra Leone. In Sierra Leone, it's
common for people to identify with a particular ethnicity and religion. People of a specific
ethnicity are those who consider themselves to be part of a particular cultural group. One's ethnic
identity is formed via shared experiences with those who share one's linguistic and cultural
backgrounds and common ancestry. "ethnicity" means a collection of people with a common
cultural background. One's sense of ethnic identity is founded on shared linguistic and cultural
backgrounds, histories, and customs. The Temne are the largest single ethnic group in Sierra
Leone, making up approximately 35.5 percent of the population (Gohdes, 2010).Most Temne
live in and around Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone, and the Northern Province. The
fundamental dwelling unit is the family, whether led by a man or a woman. Families (husband,
wife(s), and children) form the backbone of most houses. For example, some families consist of
many people (a father and son or two siblings) who are married to one other, while others have
other, more distant relatives or even strangers living with them. The head of the household
mediates arguments, conducts moot courts to settle family conflicts, and acts as the family's
representative in village matters.
Stakes
Despite these persistent challenges, many people and organizations have worked to lessen
poverty in Sierra Leone. In 2010, Sierra Leone initiated a free healthcare program called the Free
Healthcare Initiative (FHCI). This program ensures that expectant mothers, new moms, and early
infants have access to essential medical care to lower infant mortality rates. Sierra Leone is

2. falling behind other countries in understanding citizens' rights and duties because of a lack of
financing for educational initiatives. This adds to the already existing disparity between the sexes
and further pushes women to the margins of society. The difficulty of entering the labor force
and the societal conception of women as servants to men are both results of gender inequality.
This thinking obstructs progress for Sierra Leone in a global community that places a premium
on girls' education and gender equality.
Meaning of Illness
Due to a lack of knowledge, many people may not recognize the seriousness of a disease
(McNamara, 2016). The high rates of death and morbidity may be attributed, in part, to the lack
of healthcare and related resources.
Social Stressors
In this context, "social stressors" refers to any socially-related activity or event contributing to
physiological or emotional distress. More stressful environments have been linked to a lower
chance of receiving proper medical treatment. Healthcare system participation is influenced by
various variables, including respondents' financial stability and individual personalities. Changes
in population structure and economic circumstances have substantial effects on healthcare use.
Many of the issues identified at the individual, family, and societal levels might be traced back to
poverty and the inability to produce an income. Improving the standard of living for the people
of Sierra Leone would likely need measures taken to address livelihoods, as well as
infrastructural improvements and the elimination of detrimental gender stereotypes that affect
both men and women.
Impacts
The prevention of more serious mental health difficulties and the promotion of national
productivity might result from a thorough assessment of the challenges faced by the people of
Sierra Leone and the inter-sectoral actions within the country that aim to meet those challenges
(Bangura, 2016). As a result, mental health must be integrated into a wide variety of linked
policy areas, requiring collaboration between government agencies, NGOs, private sector
organizations, social institutions, and community and volunteer groups.
References
Bangura, J. B. (2016). Hope in the midst of death: Charismatic spirituality, healing evangelists
and the Ebola crisis in Sierra Leone. Missionalia, 44(1), 2-18.
Gohdes, A. (2010). Different convenience samples, different stories: The case of Sierra Leone.
Benetech Human Rights Data Analysis Group.
McNamara, L. A. (2016). Ebola Surveillance—Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. MMWR
supplements, 65.

3. image1.png
IHP 501 Module Six Project Preparation Worksheet
Precious Teasley
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity
22TW2
Professor Esther Johnstone
December 14, 2022
Elements Conventional Intervention CIH Intervention
Vision:
Description
Aggressive Supportive Medical
Care is an intervention that is
aimed at screening people for the
possibility of Ebola and thus
putting them on an early treatment
plan.
Infection Prevention
and Control Practices
an intervention in a
healthcare facility that
helps to prevent the
spread of infections
from persons with the
infection to persons
without the infection
Vision:
Purpose
Detection and response to early
infections of Ebola just before
they physically show signs will
help reduce acute responses. This
way, the mortality rates will be
reduced as the victims are put on
immediate medical attention
hence suppressing the effects.
Reduce the rate at
which future outbreaks
of the Ebola virus can
be transmitted between
persons when they are
exposed to infected
victims.
Vision:
Rationale
This intervention is safer in terms
of the victims and the healthcare
providers. Handling patients who
are at acute effects of Ebola
increases the chances of
transmission to the health care
providers. However, for victims
detected early enough, early
Since Ebola is spread
even during contact,
very many people
including health
workers are infected
too. Through the use of
this intervention, there
will be a reduced rate of

4. prevention makes them more
likely to survive thus reducing the
mortality rate.
infections as the victims
will be handled in
isolation, and measures
to protect the healthcare
givers highly
implemented.
Implementation: Personnel
Required
Ambulance operators, drivers,
laboratory technicians, doctors,
nurses, cooks, first aiders,
security, and counselors.
Ambulance operators,
drivers, laboratory
technicians, doctors,
nurses, cooks, first
aiders, security, and
counselors.
Implementation: Supplies and
Other Technical Requirements
PPE – Gloves, Solid-front
wrap-around gowns, Surgical
mask, Eye protection
A Class II biosafety cabinet
(BSC)
Secondary container for specimen
transportation, vacutainer tube,
blood culture instruments,
medicines
PPE – Gloves, Solid-
front wrap-around
gowns, Surgical mask,
Eye protection
A Class II biosafety
cabinet (BSC)
Secondary container for
specimen
transportation,
vacutainer tube, blood
culture instruments, and
Medicines.
Implementation: Cost $250,000 $350,000
References
Fischer, W. A., Crozier, I., Bausch, D. G., Muyembe, J. J., Mulangu, S., Diaz, J. V., ... & Jacob,
S. T. (2019). Shifting the paradigm—applying universal standards of care to Ebola virus
disease. New England Journal of Medicine , 380 (15), 1389-1391.
Lamontagne, F., Clément, C., Kojan, R., Godin, M., Kabuni, P., & Fowler, R. A. (2019). The
evolution of supportive care for Ebola virus disease. The Lancet , 393 (10172), 620-621.
World Health Organization. (2018). Improving infection prevention and control at the health
facility: interim practical manual supporting implementation of the WHO guidelines on core
components of infection prevention and control programmes (No. WHO/HIS/SDS/2018.10).
World Health Organization.
image1.png

5. IHP 501 Module Five Project Preparations Worksheet
Precious Teasley
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity
22TW2
Professor Esther Johnstone
December 6,2022
Complete this worksheet by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant
information.
Analysis Table
Other Health
Challenge #1:
Maternal Health
Other Health Challenge #2:
Mental Health
Other Health
Challenge #3:
Nutrition
Incidence
The maternal mortality
rate in Sierra Leone is
one of the highest in the
world at 1,360 per
100,000 live births.
(Trani et al.,2011).
.
Many people in Sierra Leone
have suffered trauma, which
has been linked to poor mental
well-being. The ten-year civil
war that concluded in 2002,
the Ebola epidemic that began
in 2014, and the devastating
mudslide that occurred in
August 2017 due to heavy
rains are just a few examples.
Drug abuse problems, notably
marijuana and tramadol, are
on the rise, and alcohol
consumption is much greater
than the area norm (Harris et
al., 2020).
Nearly half a million
children under the age
of five are stunted, and
another 30,000 are
malnourished and in
danger of dying soon
because of poor food
and the prevalence of
preventable childhood
diseases. (Keeley, Little
and Zuehlke, 2019).
Prevalence
With 1,360 maternal
deaths for every
100,000 births, Sierra
Leone has the highest
maternal mortality rate
After the end of the civil
conflict in 2002, a survey
conducted by the Ministry of
Health and Sanitation found
that the prevalence rates for
The regional average for
obesity is 20.7 per cent
for women and 9.2
percent for men.
However, the rates in

6. in the world. (Trani et
al.,2011).
various mental health
disorders were as follows: 2
percent for psychosis, 4
percent for depression, 4
percent for severe substance
abuse, 1 percent for mental
retardation, and 1 percent for
epilepsy. The civil war that
raged from 1991 to 2002,
economic difficulties, gender-
based violence, poor health
outcomes (such as high rates
of maternal and infant
mortality), and the current
Ebola outbreak are all factors
that may have contributed to
the country's high proportion
of mental health disorders
[12–16]. There was a
treatment gap of 98.0
percent in 2009, as just 2058
of an anticipated 102 000
patients with serious mental
illness got help. The Sierra
Leone Psychiatric
Hospital in Freetown was the
country's only hospital for
treating MOHS until very
recently.
Sierra Leone are lower.
However, 7.6 percent of
adult women and 8.3
percent of adult males
are predicted to have
diabetes.
(Maust et al.,2015). .
Presentation
Premature death,
defined as dying before
70, affects around 63
percent of Sierra
Leoneans (Trani et
al.,2011).
The WHO estimates that 10%
of Sierra Leoneans deal with
mental health issues daily.
There may be many more
incidents that have not been
reported to authorities. As a
consequence of severe
poverty, "daily hardships and
misery can turn into what
scientists call "toxic stress"
and trigger or amplify mental
health problems," as one
author puts it. There has been
a long history of inadequate
political attention to mental
health issues in Sierra Leone.
(Jalloh et al.,2018).
More than half, that
is 57 percent , of all
deaths in children under
five in Sierra Leone can
be attributed to
malnutrition. Still, the
country's health
ministry and
government officials
have begun working to
reduce this horrifying
statistic by signing the
Nutrition for Growth
agreement and
becoming part of the
Scaling Up Nutrition
initiative.

7. Social
Determinants
Transportation,
housing, and education
are all examples of
social determinants of
health (SDOH) that
may affect individual
and population health.
Differentiating SDOH
using Z Codes may
enhance the precision of
therapy and healthcare
access.
Family conflict, difficulty to
purchase essentials, and the
breakdown of a marriage or
partnership are the three
causes of psychological
suffering. Indicators of men's
psychological suffering
included poor physical
condition, financial
difficulties, and illiteracy.
Incapability to afford basic
requirements, poor health, the
termination of a marriage or
partnership, and family
conflict were predictors for
women. The research reveals
that initiatives aimed at
increasing income-generating
and job possibilities,
improving access to education,
and strengthening families
have the potential to improve
mental health in Sierra Leone.
Cultural beliefs,Â
traditions and taboos
hinder the supply and
consumption of certain
nutritious foods that
might otherwise aid in
enhancing the
nutritional intake of
young children, even
though food poverty is
believed to be the
greatest obstacle to
dietary variety
throughout the nine-
month-long rainy
season.
Inequities
Women in higher-
income families, those
with higher levels of
education, and those
living in metropolitan
areas tend to get
preferential treatment
from the healthcare
system. While delivery
service disparities have
narrowed over time,
they remain
considerable.
The Sierra Leone Psychiatric
Hospital is the only in-
patient institution in the
country and can
only accommodate up to 150
patients at once(Horn, 2021).
Aside from the widespread
negative connotation attached
to SLPH, the disorder is also
notoriously underfunded,
understaffed, lacking essential
infrastructure, and often short
on necessary medications.
Malnutrition in Sierra
Leone is a relatively
new health issue
brought to light by the
country's recent civil
war. One of the
country's most ignored
problems is hunger.
Programs,
Policies, or
Legislation
The goal of the Sierra
Leonean government's
National Reproductive,
Maternal, and
Adolescent Health
(RMNCAH)
strategy is to reduce
maternal mortality to
650 per 100,000 live
births, neonatal
The Office of Population and
Reproductive Health at
USAID sponsored and
oversaw the Advancing
Partners initiative, which the
MOHS collaborated with for
two years. The Ministry of
Health and Sanitation
(MOHS) framework is being
put to use in Sierra Leone to
UNICEF will help the
country's young
children eat healthier by
bolstering the quality of
essential nutrition
services at the facility
and community levels
and better integrating
nutrition programs into
the country's broader

8. mortality to 23 per
1,000 live births, and
under-five mortality to
71 per 1,000. (SOPs)
help the government execute
health services as part of the
country's ongoing post-Ebola
recovery efforts. Through
raising public awareness,
preparing healthcare
professionals to provide
excellent treatment, and
strengthening mental health
governance, the initiative is
helping to manage mental
health in the community
better.
health infrastructure.
Other
Malaria is the single
most lethal
communicable illness in
Sierra Leone,
responsible for 38
percent of all hospital
admissions. There are
around three new
tuberculosis cases per
year for every one
thousand individuals,
making it another major
public health concern.
In the past, Sierra Leone did
not prioritize its citizens'
mental health. Unemployment
persists, and as a result, the
country's economic situation
remains dire. Its 11-year civil
conflict left the country
devastated, and an Ebola
epidemic in 2014 only
worsened things. Many
individuals in our nation are
still reeling from the effects of
their history. That pain was
ignored for a very long time.
Nonetheless, the World Health
Organization and the Ministry
of Health and Sanitation have
made significant strides in
improving mental health in
Sierra Leone
(Horn, 2021).
The life expectancy in
Sierra Leone is among
the lowest in the world.
Sierra Leone had a 54.3-
year median life
expectancy in 2018.
Accordingly, the
country is ranked in the
worst five globally. The
average lifespan
throughout the globe is
72.6 years, by contrast.
Connections Section
Other Health Challenge #1:Â Maternal Health
In Sierra Leone, infectious illnesses are the primary cause of mortality and sickness, with malaria
being the single most lethal, accounting for 38 percent of all hospitalizations. Tuberculosis is
another major public health issue, with around three new cases per 1000 individuals yearly.
(Trani et al.,2011).
Other Health Challenge #2:Â Mental Health

9. In the past, Sierra Leone did not prioritize its citizens' mental health. Unemployment persists,
and as a result, the country's economic situation remains dire. Its 11-year civil conflict left the
country devastated, and an Ebola epidemic in 2014 only worsened things. Many individuals in
our nation are still reeling from the effects of their history. That pain was ignored for a very long
time. Nonetheless, the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health and Sanitation
have significantly improved mental health in Sierra Leone (Horn, 2021).
Other Health Challenge #3:Â Nutrition
Life expectancy in Sierra Leone is quite low. The national life expectancy average in Sierra
Leone in 2018 was 54 years and three months. That ranks the country in the lowest five in the
whole globe. In contrast, the average lifespan throughout the globe is just 72.6 years. (Keeley,
Little and Zuehlke, 2019).
References
Maust, A., Koroma, A. S., Abla, C., Molokwu, N., Ryan, K. N., Singh, L., & Manary,M. J.
(2015). Severe and moderate acute malnutrition can be successfully managed with an integrated
protocol in Sierra Leone. The Journal of Nutrition, 145 (11),
2604-2409. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.214957 Richard, P., Amara, J., Ferme, M. C., Kamara,
P., Mokuwa, E., Sheriff, A. I., Suluku, R., & Voors, M. (2015). Social pathways for Ebola virus
disease in rural Sierra Leone, and some implications for containment. PloS Neglected Tropical
Diseases, 9 (4), 1-15.doi:10.1371/ journal.pntd.0003567
Trani, J-F., Browne, J., Kett, M., Bah, O., Morlai, T., Bailey, N., & Groce, N.
(2011). Access to health care, reproductive health and disability: A large scale survey in
Sierra Leone. Social Science & Medicine, 73 (10), 1477-1489.
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.040.
United Nations Children’s Fund. (2019). The state of the world’s children 2019:
Children, food and nutrition: Growing well in a changing world. UNICEF.
https://www.unicef.org/media/60826/file/SOWC-2019-EAP.pdf
image1.png
IHP 501 Module Eight Activity Worksheet
Precious Teasley

10. Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity
22TW2
Professor Esther Johnstone
January 7, 2023
Complete this worksheet by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant
information. The purpose of this worksheet is to structure your submission to cover each of the
relevant topics where the substance of your response is the focus instead of academic
formatting. Your responses should be in paragraph format and comprehensively address all the
directions and questions in the prompt.
Your Role: [case manager]
United States of America
Function
The main function of a case manager is to serve as a patient advocate and guide and coordinate
care for patients their families and even care givers
Preparation
There are several skills that are needed for a case manager with the most important one being
communication. Â The manager also needs to have conflict resolution skills as conflicts are a
common in this fled. With the changes taking place around the world, they will also need to
acquire computer and technology skills.
Cultural Competence
Healthcare filed is one of the most diverse filed and there is a lot of daily interactions with
different people. for this reason, the major cultural competence that is needed by a case manager
in this case is speaking in language through which most of the patients they are dealing with can
be able to understand.
[Country A— SIERRA LEONE.]
Function
serve as a patient advocate and guide and coordinate care for patients their families and even care
givers

11. Preparation
The nation is full of people from different nations and different cultures. For this reason, one of
the best preparations that can be done in this case is that of learning different languages that are
relevant so as to be able to speak to as many as possible when dealing with different cases.
Cultural Competence
One of the most important aspect that needs to be embraced in this nation is that of managing the
dynamics of difference that exist in the nation. this is of great importance when it comes to a
nation that is so diverse and one where the case manager interacts with different people who
have different cultures on a daily basis.
[Country B— SOUTH AFRICA]
Function
Serve as a patient advocate and guide and coordinate care for patients their families and even
care givers
Preparation
As stated earlier, communication is very key for a case manager. For this reason, in a nation
where the culture is completely different, the best preparation that should be done is to prepare is
to adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of communities they serve.
Cultural Competence
The cultural competence that needs to be taken in this case is to thoroughly analyze the culture
that people are following in the nation and adapt to it as much as possible. this helps the case
manager to be able to understand what is expected of them and even help their clients in a better
manner.
Comparison
From the context given above, it is very clear that the role of a case manager is always the same
regardless of the nation that they are working with. It is also evident that communication is of
key importance in all of the nations and the case manager needs to connect with every client
regardless of their culture. However, the major difference in the three nations is that the cultural
competencies needed will always vary depending on the nation which the case manager is
working in.
References

12. Sutherland, D., & Hayter, M. (2009). Structured review: evaluating the effectiveness of nurse
case managers in improving health outcomes in three major chronic diseases. Journal of clinical
nursing , 18 (21), 2978-2992.
image1.png
IHP 501 Module Three Project Preparation Worksheet
Precious Teasley
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity
22TW2
Professor Esther Johnstone
November 27,2022
Complete this worksheet by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. If
needed, you can expand the outline to itemize your responses underneath the indicated topics.
Health Challenge Analysis
Clinical Presentation: [It is believed that the virus comes from consuming non-primate meats
(e.g. chimpanzees and monkeys). It is transmitted through bodily fluid contacts such as saliva,
urine and breast milk. Symptoms include vomiting, fever, aches, loss of appetite, fatigue and
sore throat.]
Prevalence
Populations at Risk: [The most affected groups are women and girls. Also, most cases reported
were from rural areas.]
Morbidity and Mortality: [Case fatality rates vary between 25% and 90% (Rugarabamu et al.,
2020). On average, half of those who contract the disease probably die.]
Prevalent Trends: [. Most cases emerge from Africa, and the most affected groups are those that
eat bush meat. Analysis of the virus from 1976 to 2019 shows a linear rate of change with time
(Rugarabamu et al., 2020).]

13. Inequities
i. Socioeconomic Groups: [First, poverty and unemployment, which forces people to hunt for
bush meat, contribute to the disease.]
Race/Ethnicity: [So far, most of the affected countries are from Africa, but it is not yet clear
whether certain races are more exposed than others.]
Gender: [Gender is another factor with women at a higher risk because most care for patients
with the virus ( New Ebola outbreak hits women and girls hardest in the Democratic Republic of
the Congo , 2018).]
Other: [Regarding age, children are most vulnerable to the virus. Also, people within rural areas
are at risk of the disease, and it can be further argued that high illiteracy levels can contribute to
Ebola risks.]
Other Determinants of Health
Environmental: [The Ebola virus is transmitted via the air (water, soil). Therefore, exposure to
contaminated air can trigger the virus.]
Biological: [ The biological means through which the Ebola virus spread is when human beings
directly interact with wildlife.]
Policy Evaluation: [One of the policies undertaken by the Sierra Leone government is declaring
that hiding Ebola patients is illegal. This law was created to prevent a scenario where the
residents hid Ebola patients, and that contributed to further Ebola Virus spread. This policy is
effective because it will encourage people to take infected persons to treatment centers.]
References
The new ebola outbreak hits women and girls hardest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo .
United Nations Population Fund. (2018). Retrieved November 22, 2022, from
https://www.unfpa.org/news/new-ebola-outbreak-hits-women-and-girls-hardest-democratic-
republic-
congo#:~:text=The%20most%20vulnerable,them%20are%20of%20reproductive%20age
Rugarabamu, S., Mboera, L., Rweyemamu, M., Mwanyika, G., Lutwama, J., Paweska, J., &
Misinzo, G. (2020). Forty-two years of responding to ebola virus outbreaks in Sub-Saharan
Africa: A Review. BMJ Global Health , 5 (3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001955
image1.png
1
IHP 501 Module Two Project Preparation Worksheet

14. Precious Teasley
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity
22TW2
Professor Esther Johnstone
November 20 ,2022
1
Worksheet for potential stakeholders that could support your humanitarian aid trip to
Sierra Leon
Implementers
Stakeholder/Group Description Rationale for Inclusion
International Medical
Corps (IMC)
This provides urgent support to
those afflicted by conflict, disaster,
and disease—regardless of where
they are or what their circumstances
are—and helps them to heal,
rebuild, and acquire the knowledge
and tools necessary to become self-
sufficient.
In Sierra Leone, International
Medical Corps is just one of a few
numbers of international non-
governmental organizations
providing care for people with
Ebola. International Medical Corps
can assist put a stop to the Ebola
epidemic in Sierra Leone and ensure
the country's health care system is
resilient enough to prevent future
outbreaks. Foreign Medical Corps is
hard at work with both local and
international partners to strengthen
the health system so that individuals
may get care for conditions
unrelated to Ebola (Mallow et
al.,2018).
Agency for
International
Development
To guarantee that essential
socioeconomic and health services
are available to people who need
them as well and that Sierra Leone is
resilient and ready to react
appropriately to any public disasters,
USAID will closely collaborate
with the Government of Sierra
Leone and other donors.
Aid from the United States Agency
for International Development
(USAID) in Sierra Leone focuses
largely on strengthening institutions
that are accountable to and
responsive to their constituents;
easing rural poverty; promoting
sustainable resource management;
ensuring access to good health,

15. sanitation, social protection
and services; and improving the
standard of primary education (Fenio
et al.,2019).
Amnesty
International
This is a worldwide organization
that opposes prejudice and supports
human rights, such as the right to
adequate health
care(Charman,2018).
Amnesty International will promote
the adoption of some of the UPR
recommendations and draw attention
to cases where current laws and
policies are violating human rights
in Sierra Leone.
Decision Makers
Stakeholder/Group Brief Description Rationale for Inclusion
WYA
Their ideal society is one in
which everyone is treated with
respect and where policies and
programs are built around the
needs of individuals. In this
world, development is
achieved through a dedication
to human dignity and the
implementation of people-
centered approaches.
Young people in Sierra Leone may benefit
from the organization’s training not
just in the prevention of Ebola epidemic
but also in the early detection of other
health issues. The Alliance has the
resources and "language" to reach out to
the young people of this country.
UN OCHA
OCHA seeks to rally and
cooperate with the wide band
of financing instruments,
affiliates in order to ensure that
humanitarian management and
governance mechanisms at the
national level are supported,
and that the many humanitarian
assistance financing
mechanisms are coherent to
one another and coherent with
development finance.
With almost 14,000 incidents, over 3,500
deaths, and roughly 4,051 survivors, Sierra
Leone is the worst hit nation by the Ebola
virus illness. The country is already marked
by multidimensional poverty, a short life
expectancy, and a poor human
development index (HDI). Sierra Leone
was one of many nearby nations to see an
increase in cases following the first case
was discovered in Guinea early March
2014.
Participants
Stakeholder/Group Brief Description Rationale for Inclusion
USAID
The agency’s overseas
development and philanthropic
projects decreases poverty, bolsters
democratic government, saves lives,
The key goals of USAID's aid in
Sierra Leone are to enhance the
quality of basic school, health care,
water and sanitation, social

16. and assists people in moving past aid. protection, and governance. Other
goals include lowering poverty and
encouraging sustainable resource
management. The United States
Agency for International
Development (USAID) will
collaborate Sierra Leone
Government and other donors to
make sure that those in greatest need
have access to basic social economic
and healthcare care and that the
country is adaptable and ready to
respond sufficiently to future public
conflicts.
People In Need
Humanitarian assistance is supplied
promptly and individuals are
supported to get back to normalcy.
More than 30 nations benefit from
their organization's efforts to promote
education, aid the most
disadvantaged, and back those
fighting for human rights. The ideals
of solidarity, mutual aid, and
humanism.
People In Need have been providing
support to assist the Sierra Leone
government function more smoothly.
Doctors of the
World
They serve anyone in need, no matter
where they are or how long they will
need care for. They are proud of the
reputation they've earned for reacting
to crises from inside, for reaching out
to underserved communities, and for
establishing permanent, sustainable
medical facilities where society has
traditionally lacked them.
Doctors of the World originally
arrived in Sierra Leone in 2003 to
provide basic healthcare as well as
sexual and reproductive health
programs.
Partners
Stakeholder/Group Brief Description Rationale for Inclusion
Friends of UNFPA
This is a nonprofit organization whose
mission is to enhance women and
girls lives around the globe by raising
awareness and funds for UNFPA, the
United Nations agency responsible for
reproductive health and rights. The
organization works in more than 155
countries to reduce the lack of access
The maternal mortality rate in Sierra
Leone has dropped dramatically
despite the country's recent civil
war. Unfortunately, a significant
number of maternal fatalities still
result from teen pregnancies.
UNFPA has been working in the
nation since 1971, promoting

17. to family planning, maternal
mortality, and violence against
women and girls.
midwifery programs, improved
emergency obstetric and infant care,
and the efficient administration of
reproductive health commodities as
means of bettering reproductive
health care.
People In Need
Humanitarian aid is provided
immediately, and people are helped to
get back on their feet. They help
people in over 30 different nations get
an education, aid the impoverished
and underprivileged, and support
those who fight for human rights.
Humanism, a commitment to helping
others, and solidarity are all
fundamental values.
This organization has been assisting
in the strengthening of the Sierra
Leone government.
Doctor of the World
In times of crisis or on an ongoing
basis, they are there to provide
medical care to anyone in need,
regardless of where they may be. To
them, it is a source of pride to respond
to crises within, to reach out to
marginalized communities, and to
build long-term, sustainable health
care in places that mainstream society
would rather overlook.
In 2003, Doctors of the World
started providing basic care and
reproductive health and sexual
health programming in Sierra
Leone. A purpose-built treatment
center that we established and
managed in Moyamba was
important in stemming the latest
Ebola epidemic..
References
Charman, T. (2018). Sexual violence or torture?: The framing of sexual violence against men in
armed conflict in Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch reports. In Sexual violence
against men in Global Politics (pp. 198-210). Routledge.
Danquah, L. O., Hasham, N., MacFarlane, M., Conteh, F. E., Momoh, F., Tedesco, A. A., ... &
Weiss, H. A. (2019). Use of a mobile application for Ebola contact tracing and monitoring in
northern Sierra Leone: a proof-of-concept study. BMC infectious diseases, 19(1), 1-12.
Elston, J. W. T., Moosa, A. J., Moses, F., Walker, G., Dotta, N., Waldman, R. J., & Wright, J.
(2016). Impact of the Ebola outbreak on health systems and population health in Sierra Leone.
Journal of Public Health, 38(4), 673-678.
Fenio, K., M’Cormack-Hale, F., McGuinness, E., Hanciles, E., & Grant, A. K. (2019).
USAID/SIERRA LEONE WOMEN EMPOWERED FOR LEADERSHIP AND
DEVELOPMENT (WELD) PROJECT PERFORMANCE EVALUATION.

18. Forestier, C., Cox, A. T., & Horne, S. (2016). Coordination and relationships between
organisations during the civil–military international response against Ebola in Sierra Leone: an
observational discussion. BMJ Military Health, 162(3), 156-162.
Mallow, M., Gary, L., Jeng, T., Bongomin Jr, B., Aschkenasy, M. T., Wallis, P., ... & Levine, A.
C. (2018). WASH activities at two Ebola treatment units in Sierra Leone. Plos one, 13(5),
e0198235.
Module one Project Preparation Worksheet
Precious Teasley
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity
22TW2
Professor Esther Johnstone
November 8,2022
Scenario
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa from 2013 to 2015 was the worst ever seen; it mostly hit the
three neighboring nations of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. In terms of cases reported, Sierra
Leone was the nation most severely impacted. The current study examines the outbreak in Sierra
Leone. The epidemic was deemed a "public health emergency of worldwide concern" by the
WHO in August 2014. Ebola spread quickly as a result of early warning systems, and the
nation's health system was unable to handle the enormous number of Cases (Richards, et al.
2020). In total, 14,124 Ebola cases including 3,955 fatalities had been reported to the WHO by
March 2016; this was surpassing any other nation.
Population
Even more expensive than it is for adults, the WHO corresponds with the description of the
potential Ebola virus in youngsters. For admission, children under the age of five simply need to
exhibit one qualifying symptom. In late November 2014, 13/39 (or 33%) of the children admitted
to the main hospital for children came back positive for the Ebola virus disease. As ebola virus
infection incidence declined, this proportion rose (Fitzgerald, et al. 2016). This means that
children could potentially be exposed to the nosocomial ebola virus sickness, and the effect on
mortality for frequent diseases like malaria or sepsis is still unknown.
A. Geographic Region:

19. i. Size: the nation's 71,740 km2 total area is made up of 120 km2 of water and 71,620 km2 of
land.
ii. Location: Guinea borders Sierra Leone to the north and east, Liberia to the south, and the
Atlantic Ocean to the west.
iii. Climate: The area has a tropical climate, with hot, muggy weather at the shore and more
temperate weather inland. The mean annual temperature is 26.7°C, and there are 2,746 mm of
rain on average per year.
B. Socioeconomic Profile:
i. Capital City: Freetown
ii. Major Districts or Territories: there are Four provinces as well as a western area, which
includes the capital Freetown, which makes up Sierra Leone. That is; Western Area, Eastern
Province, Northern Province, North Western Province, and Southern Province. There are sixteen
administrative districts in Sierra Leone.
iii. Income Standard: Low-income economies with the least development
iv. Common Occupations: The primary industry for employment is still mining, although
numerous ancillary industries are expanding alongside it.
v. GDP Estimate: statistics GDP at $4.082 billion, growing at a rate of 3.8% in 2017 and 3.5%
in 2018, and a rate of 4.8% in 2019e and 4.9% in 2020f.
vi. Source of Funding for the Education System: Education system in Sierra Leone is
supported by households' informal donations, taxes, and fees along with the official national
budget including off-aid, even though providing access to education is a fundamental
responsibility of the state.
vii. Source of Funding for the Healthcare System: The Sierra Leone Superior Essential Health
Care services, as well as the Systems Support Project, is supported by a $20 million financing
from Global Financing Facility and a $40 million grant from the Global Development
Association (IDA)
Demographic Profile:
Birth Rate: 4.08 births per woman
ii. Aging Trends: average annual aging rate is around 1.51%
iii. Death Rates: 11.483

20. 3. Prevalent Health Concerns: prevalent health concern of the Ebola virus is the capital city of
Sierra Leone, a free town. In addition to the presence
4. Social Determinants:
The factors in the surroundings where individuals are born, reside, learn, work, play, religion, as
well as the age that have an impact on a variety of health, functional, and quality-of-life
consequences and hazards are known as social determinants of health (Houéto, 2019).
Education: The country's efforts to control the population through education have been
hampered by community opposition, which has several root reasons. Medical anthropologists
have well-documented fears and misconceptions about foreign diseases, as well as addressing the
causes of why many people did not accept the existence of Ebola
ii. Healthcare : The lines between "hot" and "low-risk" zones become hazy whenever a city
experiences strenuous and prevalent transmission, as first occurred in Monrovia and afterward
later in Freetown
iii. Economic Stability : Most of the transportation of agricultural products to consumer areas
was hampered by the Ebola epidemic. When the outbreak was at its worst, workers shied away
from visiting hazardous situations, as well as the number of businesses fell by 20%.
iv. Inequity : Slums swiftly developed into Ebola hotspots and disease hubs. Shantytown
residents who contracted Ebola infected three times as many individuals as those in wealthy
neighborhoods.
References
Fitzgerald, F., Awonuga, W., Shah, T., & Youkee, D. (2016). Ebola response in Sierra Leone:
The impact on children. Journal of Infection , 72 , S6-S12. DOI: Â 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.04.016
Richards, P., Mokuwa, G. A., Vandi, A., Mayhew, S. H., & Ebola Gbalo Research Team. (2020).
Re-analysing Ebola spread in Sierra Leone: the importance of local social dynamics. PloS one ,
15 (11), e0234823. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234823
Houéto, D. (2019). The social determinants of emerging infectious diseases in Africa. MOJ
Public Health , 8 (2), 57-63
Directions
Your poster presentation should include a title slide, a slide that captures the full view of your
poster, slides that “zoom in― to the various sections of your poster, a reference slide, and
speaker notes to accompany each, as needed. Additionally, you should refrain from using the
first person ( “I―) in order to maintain objectivity and professionalism in your presentation.

21. Note that all the claims in your presentation should be evidence-based. Your citations should be
from your independent research (not from the scenario or textbook) of credible sources and be
current within the last five years. Many of the criteria below require a specific number of
scholarly sources to substantiate each claim; however, these sources are not mutually exclusive.
In other words, you can reference the same source to support multiple, different claims in your
presentation. You are required to cite a minimum of ten sources overall. Refer to the Shapiro
Library Guide: Nursing—Graduate located in the Start Here section of the course for additional
support.
To complete your poster presentation, be sure to include the following elements:
Introduction: Begin by introducing your audience to the selected location and health challenge.
Specifically, address the following:
Overview: Provide a brief, evidence-based overview, including a description of the geographic
region, its socioeconomic and demographic profile, and the prevalent health concerns within the
population.
Purpose and Value: Clearly state the goal of this trip, including a general identification of the
intervention that will be proposed. Defend the proposed value of this venture by discussing the
extent to which this humanitarian aid trip will promote health equity, human rights, and social
justice.
Analysis: In this next section of your presentation, analyze the specific determinants of health
that drive the population’s health outcomes. Specifically, address the following:
Resource Availability: Evaluate the impact of resource availability (including water, sanitation,
food, and air) as a determinant of health for the population. Provide specific evidence from at
least three scholarly sources to support your claims.
Access to Care and Quality of Health Services: Analyze the impacts of access to care and quality
of health services on morbidity and mortality for the population. Provide specific evidence from
at least three scholarly sources to support your claims.
Cultural Context: Describe how the specific cultural context influences their perceptions of
health and disease. How do these perceptions impact health issues and outcomes for the
population? Provide specific evidence from at least three scholarly sources to support your
claims.
Other Determinants: Identify any other environmental, biological, or social determinants of
health relevant for the population. Provide specific evidence from at least three scholarly sources
to support your claims.
Evaluation: Building on your analysis, shift your focus to the larger systems and policy
landscape. What are the organizational mechanisms that can be leveraged to address the
determinants identified in your analysis section? Specifically, address the following:

22. Policies: Assess the impact of relevant health and nonhealth policies on healthcare access,
equity, and social justice. How are the existing policies contributing to negative health outcomes
or disparities for the target population? Provide specific evidence from at least three scholarly
sources to support your claims.
Systems: Evaluate the impacts of the healthcare infrastructure and systems on healthcare access,
equity, and social justice. How are the existing systems contributing to negative health outcomes
or disparities for the target population? Provide specific evidence from at least three scholarly
sources to support your claims.
Recommendations: Synthesize your analysis and evaluation to develop specific, feasible
interventions that could be delivered in a humanitarian aid trip. At this stage, you should focus
on your strategy and methods rather than your budget, but know that your funding source is
limited. The budget details will be worked out at a later stage upon approval of the concept. Be
sure to address the following:
Intervention: Explain the nature and requirements of your intervention. What, specifically, do
you propose to do and how would you implement your intervention within the context of a
humanitarian aid trip? You do not need a line-item budget for the $100,000 grant, but you should
include considerations of overall cost. Be sure to address the following aspects:
How does your intervention address the environmental, biological, and sociocultural aspects
discussed in your analysis section? Draw specific connections between your research and your
proposed intervention.
How does your intervention address the political and systemic aspects discussed in your
evaluation section? Draw specific connections between your research and your proposed
intervention.
Social Justice: Defend your recommendation in terms of the extent to which your plan applies
social justice and human rights principles. Provide specific evidence from at least three scholarly
sources to support your claims.
Strengthen Communities and Reduce Health Disparities: Defend your recommendation in terms
of the extent to which your plan will strengthen communities and reduce health disparities for
marginalized and vulnerable populations. Provide specific evidence from at least three scholarly
sources to support your claims.
Effectiveness and Sustainability: Defend your recommendation in terms of the evidence that
supports the effectiveness and sustainability of your plan for the target population. Provide
specific evidence from at least three scholarly sources to support your claims.