Tera village ppt for presentation for two days international conference

1. WELCOME
ยินดีต้อนรับ

2. Mr. Sandeep Kulkarni
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Environmental Studies,
K. J. Somaiya College of Arts & Commerce, Mumbai – 77, India
Mob: 09920814378
sandeep.sk@somaiya.edu

3. Introduction:
Location: Tera [Lat. 23°17’ North & Long 68°56’06” East] in Kutch district
(84 km from district headquarter - Bhuj) in Gujarat State of India.
History: It is 500 years old village with three ancient man-made lakes or talavs
(namely Chattasar, Sumrasar & Chatasar) adjacent to each other &
interlinked through underground channels. It is a remarkable example of
traditional knowledge of engineering work of water conservation and
management.
Geography: 89 metres above sea level, Temp (50 deg summer, -2 deg winter)
Area is 45.86 sq. km with 2715 population (611 houses) male – 1381, female –
1334. Gujarati & Kutchi language.
Status: First Heritage Village in India declared by Govt. of India

4. Tera Village

5. Chattasar Lake Sumarasar Lake
Chatasar Lake

6.  Chhatasar talav is approximately 8 metre deep. It is 130 metre long & 120
metre wide making the spread area equal to 15, 600 sq. metre. With a water column
of 5 metre the talav can store 78, 000 cubic metre of water.
 Sumrasar talav area is 6, 000 sq. metre with 36,000 cubic metre volume of water.
 Chatasar talav area is 15, 000 sq. metre with depth of 6 metre. The talav is leaky
& looses collected water in 7 months.
 The first Heritage Village declared by the Govt. of India. Accommodation,
hospitals, Schools are also available in village.
 The Darbar Gadh has features of wall paintings of original Ramayana,
produced by kamanger painters; the paintings total 22 metres (72 ft) in length
and 87 cm in width & cover all four walls of the Chief's bedroom.
 Availability of natural environment, heritage, culture, historic background &
the prosperity of the Gujarat State.
Features of lake & Village

7. Tera Fort
Bird Feeding Structure
Entrance of a house

8. Cotton field
Vegetables & Castor Field
Sapota Fruit

9. Jain Temple
Bandhani Work Mirror Design on wall
Mosque Entrance
Jain TempleJain Temple

10. Painting of Tera Village
Kutch Ecological Research Centre

11. Origin of Research problems:
Social Health: Diseases like diabetes, arthritis, blood pressure, skin
ailments, paralysis, fever & waterborne diseases. The public water
supply is deficit by 37 % & has low standard of water quality.
Economy: Farming & Craftsmanship (Bandhani, Block Printing,
Mirror work & Jats embroidery) are diminishing due to migration.
Ecology & Environment: Kutch has fragile ecosystem but varieties of
wildlife still exist including Chinkaras, Blue Bulls, Wild Boars,
Hyenas, Great Indian Bustards, Peacocks, Black Partridges,
Desert Foxes, Indian Wolves, Caracals, Wild Ass, etc.
Religious, Cultural & Historical: Unique features of architectural
village setup, historically important fort, Kutchi culture, pilgrim
centres for Hindus and Jains, but the structures needs to be
preserved.

12. Methodology:
•Survey (2014) of village & water analysis data (2015 & 2016)
• Analysis of water quality parameters included:
Physical Parameter: pH, Conductivity, TDS.
 Chemical Parameters: Heavy metals, Hardness, Carbonates,
Bicarbonates, Chlorides & Organic Carbon
 Microbiological: MPN, Total Microbial Count & Biochemical assay.
(Ref: APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater; 2005) (Ref: Trivedi R.K and Goel P.K, Chemical and Biological
Methods for Water Pollution Studies, Environmental Publication, India
1986) (SAIF, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai)

13. Analysis:

16. Test Colony 1 Colony 2 Colony 3 Colony 4
Colony characters 2 mm , irregular
Orange pigmented
Opapue, smooth, Gram
positive cocci in clusters
1 mm , irregular
Orange pigmented
Opapue, rough Gram
positive cocci in clusters
4 mm , irregular , Light
Orange pigmented
Opapue, smooth Gram
positive cocci in clusters
4 mm , irregular Yellow
pigmented ,
Opapue, rough Gram positive
cocci in clusters
Simmons Citrate
test
Negative – no production of
blue colour, citrate not
utilized
Negative – no production
of blue colour, citrate not
utilized
Negative – no production of
blue colour, citrate not
utilized
Negative – no production of
blue colour, citrate not
utilized
Nitrate test Negative – No Brick red
colour present with Griss
Illoways reagent
Negative – No Brick red
colour present with Griss
Illoways reagent
Negative – No Brick red
colour present with Griss
Illoways reagent
Negative – No Brick red
colour present with Griss
Illoways reagent
Oxidase Negative Negative Negative Positive
Catalase Positive Positive Positive Positive
Glycerol Growth present Growth present Growth present Growth present
Glucose Growth present Growth present Growth present Growth present
Motility Non motile Non motile Non motile Non motile
7.5% NaCl No growth No growth No growth No growth
Starch hydrolysis Negative – no colourless zone
when starch plate flooded
with iodine solution
Positive - colourless zone
when starch plate flooded
with iodine solution
Positive - colourless zone
when starch plate flooded
with iodine solution
Positive - colourless zone
when starch plate flooded
with iodine solution
Result – needs
further onfirmation
Micrococcus roseus Micrococcus,
Stomatococcus
Micrococcus,
Staphylococcus
Micrococcus
nishinomiyaensis
Table no. 5: Identification results of isolates - Gram positive isolates (Reference: Bergeys Manual)

17. Interpretation:
 Microbiological Analysis: As per table no. 1 presence of E. coli has
not been indicated in 100ml sample but the MPN shows 2 for
Coliform which reveals that water is not suitable for drinking as
per the standards. The diseases associated with this have also been
reported during survey conducted. Presence of gram positive and
negative cocci bacterias are seen as indicated in table 4 & 5. This
also reveals the severity of water condition.
 Chemical Analysis: As per table no. 2 water quality parameters
shows concentration to be on higher side in comparison with
Indian Standards prescribed for drinking water. Acceptable value
for hardness is 150 mg/L, Alkalinity should be below 150 mg/l,
Chlorides should be less than 10 mg/l but here it is 5 times more.
The higher range of these parameters is due to human interference
as well as due to natural constitution of soil of this region. It’s good
to see that the lake water contain negligible concentration of heavy
metals, as shown in table no. 3.

18. Discussion:
 The geological record shows limestone & sandstone in abundance in
soil & rocks of these regions, there could be possibility of increase in
hardness as reported by Krishnan. The recent chemical analysis of
lake waters & village survey indicates high level of hardness,
bicarbonates & chlorides i.e., above the standards prescribed. The
salinity is less may be because the talav water is rainwater.
 The bacteriological study done earlier & recently indicate presence
of Coliform bacterias which may be due to fecal matter
accumulation.
 As per earlier records the average rainfall of this region is about 380
mm, but the villagers state that one spell of 150mm rainfall at the
catchment Bhavanipar is sufficient to fill all the three talavs.

19. Observations:
 As per study of Peter Gleick (1996) about basic requirement
of water for human activities, if we calculate daily
requirement of water i.e., 50 litre per person per day & see
that the amount of water currently in first lake (78, 000 cubic
metre) & second lake (36, 000 cubic metre) it accounts to
huge volume of water which can satisfy the needs of lakhs of
people.
 Ironically the Article 51 A (g) of Fundamental Rights under
Constitution of India which speaks about conservation of
lakes. And as per Conservation & Management of Lakes –
an Indian Perspective, July 2010 shows that there is no
allocation of funds for Gujarat state for conservation of lakes.

20. Recent Changes:
 Bitta Solar Power Plant (40 MW) commissioned in 2012 is India’s
largest photovoltaic power plant, located (10 km away)
 The Centre for Environmental Planning & Technology (CEPT)
report aims at developing infrastructure of around 36 towns which
includes Tera as one of the tourist spot.
 The Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Ltd (TCGL) will work to
develop transport system, hospitality, public amenities & health,
restoration of monuments & local infrastructure.
 World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) report says that the total
contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP was INR 14, 018.5 billion
(USD 208.9 billion) in 2016 will rise to INR 28, 491.8 billion (USD
424.5 billion) in 2027. In 2016 Travel & Tourism directly supported
2.5 crores jobs will rise to 3.2 crores in 2027.

21. Recommendations:
 Regular purification of water, cleaning process desiltation and
spraying of disinfectants can help in making water potable &
can also be used by villagers & outsiders for domestic
purposes.
 More provisions like toilets, pipe lined water supply, can be
made by Govt. & NGOs for village.
 Private Public Participation can organise events like;
Afforestation, boating in lakes, Camel riding in nearby desert
& heritage festivals celebration in winter season etc can
provide employment.
 The Rann Utsav (An Annual White Desert Festival) is close to
Tera (135 km), it can be beneficial in connection to tourism.

23. Conclusion:
 More areas & wide aspects of research work can be
undertaken within this experimental site.
 With the initiatives by TCGL, prediction by WTTC,
Scientific Studies by Environmental & Economic
Researchers, Financial contributors, Government &
NGO’s, the scope for development of tourism in the
heritage village of Tera can be visualized.

24. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Articles / Books:
 APHA, AWWA, and WEF, (2005) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater.
 Keshab Das et al, (2002) Reviving a Water Heritage: Economic and Environmental
Performances of Traditional Water Harvesting Systems in Western India, Environmental
Economics Research Committee (EERC) GWRDC.
 Trivedi R.K and Goel, (1986) Chemical and Biological Methods for Water Pollution Studies,
Environmental Publication, India.
 P. K. Gupta, (2002) Methods in Environmental Analysis: Water, Soil, and Air Agro-Bios
Publication.
 Cochran William (1950) Estimation of Bacterial Densities by Means of the Most Probable
Number, International Biometric Society.
 Krishnan (1982) Geography, Geomorphology and Geology of the earthquake areas, Published
in Chris Mechenich and Elaine Andrews (2004) Interpreting Drinking Water Test Results,
Cooperative Extension Publishing, University of Wisconsin–Extension.
 Chandra Purkayastha (June - 2015) Tera Village Report A Socio Economic Study, Golden
Research Thoughts. (Study conducted in Jan 2014)
 Sandeep Kulkarni (2016) Sustainability of Tera Village Lake, Management Guru: Journal of
Management Research.
 World Travel and Tourism Council report on Travel & Tourism Economic Impact India
published in Mar, 2017.
 Ministry of Environment and Forest publication on Conservation & Management of Lakes –
an Indian Perspective, July 2010.
 Gleick Peter (1996) Basic Water Requirements for Human Activities: Meeting Basic Needs,
Water International Vol. 21 No. 2, USA

25. Websites:
 http://jb.asm.org/content/80/3/412.citation
 www.epa.gov/glnpo/monitoring/sop/chapter_4/LG403.pdf
 http://www.jstor.org/stable/3001491
 http://kutchdo.blogspot.in
 http://hppcb.gov.in/
 http://www.jsce.or.jp/
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera,_Kutch
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera_Fort
 http://shodhganga.inflibillionet.ac.in/Raju (1995)
 www.jsce.or.jp/report/12/Indian/Report/PDF/indo2.pdf
 http://www.moef.nic.in
 www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/countries-2017/india2017
 http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/gujarat-to-develop-36-towns-for-tourism

26. Mera Gaon Tera…..
My village is yours
Thank you…..
ขอขอบคุณ