This document discusses solid waste and mangroves. It defines different types of solid waste and their impacts. It also describes mangroves' ecological functions in protecting coastlines and supporting fisheries. The causes of mangrove destruction include activities like aquaculture, infrastructure development, and harvesting. Losing these ecosystems puts coastal communities at risk by reducing regulatory services and increasing vulnerability to storms.
6. Solid waste is defined as “Non-soluble
materials ranging from municipal garbage
to industrial waste that contain complex
&sometimes hazardous substances”
13. Industrial waste is considerd
hazardous as they may contain toxic
substances
Hazardous waste could be highly toxic to
humans ,animals, & plants .
eg: e-wastes
14. In the industrial sector the major
generators of hazardous waste are the
metal ,chemical ,paper,pesticides,dye and
rubber goods industries
Direct explosure to chemicals in hazardous
waste such as mercury& cyanide can be
fatal
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20. Bio-medical waste means “any waste which
is generated the diagnosis ,treatment or
immunisation of humen beings or animals .
It may include waste like sharpe waste
,pathological waste,pharmaceutical
waste,genotoxic waste ,chemical
waste,&radio active waste.
21.
22. Human population explosion
Urbanization
Affluence
Technological advancement
23. Toxic wastes especially metalic
wastes are toxic , mutagenic &
carcinogenic which causes cancers
Contamination of grount water
Spreading of diseases like plague,
cholera,jaundice, bacillary
dysentery,hepatitis ect..
Burning of some solid wastes
produces noxious fumes
28. Instead of buying new materials from the
market use the ones that are in house
Don’t through away the soft drinks can or
bottle cover them with home made paper
or paint on them&use them as pencil stands
or small vases.
29.
30. In this method solid wastes are
dumped in successive layers,one
above the another,in low-lying land
areas.
Cheapest
Commenest method
No need of trained labours
It required large land areas
Contamination ground water
31.
32.
33. Production of Landfill Gas
Landfill fires
Offensive odours
Litter
Pests (Vermin, seagulls, flies)
Groundwater contamination
34. Use shopping bags made of cloth
or jute which can be used over
and over
Eco friendly
It is an integral part of solid
waste management
STOP THINKING RECYCLE
35. It is a disposal method in which
solid organic waste are subjected
to combustion so as to convert
them into residue and gaseous
volume.
This process help to reduce the
volume of solid waste to 20-
30% of the original volume.
36.
37. Process by which solid wastes
are crushed and powdered in
specialized grinding mechines to
reduce their mass & modify their
physical structure
Costly
Produces odourless products
38.
39. It is the conversion of solid
organic wastes in to useful liquid
fuels.
Residual char is made reacted
with carbondioxide and steam
The gas produced by this
reaction is gas turbines to
generate electricity
40.
41. composting is the biological
decomposition of the degraidable
organic constituents of solid
wastes in tostable mineral
compounds and humus –like
material called compost.
Natural manure
42. Solid wastes is dumped into
the deep open sea.
Simple & cheap.
Pollutes the beach.
Hazardous to marine
ecosystem.
43.
44.
45. Biologically complex ecosystem on
the earth.
By forming a protective barrier which
reduces damage caused by stroms.
Also provides shelter and a food
resource for estuarine and coastal
fishery food chains.
46.
47.
48. Mangrove forests continue to disappear
all over the world, they were estimated
to cover 18.1 million km2area
worldwide but a more recent estimate
indicates that the Figure may now be
below 15 million km2.
Habitat destruction through human
encroachment has been the primary
cause of mangrove loss. The
destruction is caused either knowingly
or unknowingly .
49. Natural habitat for endangered species
Deposition of mud
Source of germ plasm.
This ecosystem stabilizes coastlines
Protect community from strom
Water filtration
Climatic regulation
Improved fisheries
Protecting coastal areas from tsunamis
50. Urbanization
Agriculture
Aquaculture practices
Prevention of freshwater flow an
d tidal flow
Oil pollution
Pollution issues
War problems
Mining operations
51.
52. The importance of the mangrove
ecosystem transcends provisioning
services and includes regulatory,
ecological, cultural, and aesthetic services.
However, these services are diminishing
globally, most especially the provisioning
service, and this is putting the livelihoods
of coastal communities at risk and
increasing their vulnerability to tropical
storms and surges.
53. These trends are the outcome of mounting
anthropogenic activities such as brackish
water aquaculture, mangrove forest
clearing for infrastructure development and
varied levels of harvesting for subsistence.
54. Solid wastes should be properly
located and managed to minimize its
effects on the environment.
The government and municipalities
should revise laws regarding the
locations of dumpsites.
These laws should include properly
managed sites, which are well fenced in
and away from human settlements.
55. Mangrove forests are a source of livelihood
for thousands of coastal communities in
developing countries worldwide; these
communities traditionally harvest fish,
shrimp, timber, non-timber forest Products,
and fuel wood from them.
The importance of the mangrove ecosystem
transcends provisioning services and
includes regulatory, ecological, cultural, and
aesthetic services