This document discusses the impact of automation and computers on manufacturing and jobs. It describes how industrial automation through CAD/CAM has reduced the need for human workers in factories while creating new technology jobs such as software programmers, network administrators, and call center professionals. While automation has eliminated many assembly line jobs, retraining displaced workers for skilled technology careers can help address unemployment issues. Overall, the text examines how the integration of information technology has transformed modern manufacturing.

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Samina khan
Fazaia Degree College Risalpur

2. • Chapter 1 More on Number System
• Chapter 2 Working on Word
• Chapter 3 Working with Spreadsheet
• Chapter 4 Problem solving
• Chapter 5 Introduction to programming
• Chapter 6 Programming in GW-BASIC
• Chapter 7 Data verification & validation
• Chapter 8 Data protection & security
• Chapter 9 Applications of computers
• Chapter 11 The future of Technology
• Chapter 12 Creating webpages
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5. CHAPTER 9

6. Automation
• Use of tools that can work without human
involvement.
• These machines are controlled by computers.
• Robot is an automated equipment.
• Automated systems are more efficient than
manual system.
• Automation is very common because of the use
of computer in every field.

7. Continued…
• Before computers, much of the work in
factories was done by human.
• Industrial revolution was a period in the 18th
and 19th centuries when a large number of
machines began to be used to manufacture
goods.
• The information revolution began in the later
years of 20th century.
• It is based on the development of creative
ideas and solutions.

10. Industrial Revolution
• It was a period in the 18th and 19th centuries
when a large number of machines began to be
used to manufacture goods.
• Countries that possessed more factories and
industries were richer and more powerful than
those that didn’t have them.

16. The information revolution
• The information revolution began in the later
years of 20th century.
• It is based on the development of creative ideas
and solutions.
• To become rich and powerful in the 21st century,
countries don’t need large factories and industries

19. Automation in manufacturing
• Manufacturing is the process of making things.
• Manufacturing is done on a large scale in
factories.
• The use of computers in factories has helped
to increase the number of goods produced,
reduce the number of defective items and
bring down costs.
• A product is designed before it is
manufactured.

20. • A team of designers sits together to decide
what shape the car should be, what the engine
should be like, how the car can be made
aerodynamic…

22. Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
• CAD is a process in which computers are used
to design products.
• Using CAD, designers can produce accurate
designs in less time. They can also produce
designs in 3D.
• They can design better, safer and cheaper
products.

25. Computer-Aided manufacturing (CAM)
• After a product is designed, it is manufactured.
Different parts of the car such as door, engine,
body etc. These parts are then assembled or put
together.
• When people are involved in these activities,
there is risk of injury, people get tired and make
errors
• CAM enables computer-controlled machines to
manufacture and assemble these parts.

26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fyd8ld2s76A

27. Database and database systems
• A database is an organized collection of data.
• A well-organized database makes it easier to
store information and search for it.
• Databases are used by all types of employees,
but they are extremely important for
managers.
• Managers have to take important decisions all
the time. To make good decisions, they need
complete and accurate information.

28. Database and database systems
• A database consists of ways of organizing and
storing data. It also includes tools that make it
easy for people to search for data.
• Some database systems even enable managers
to analyse the data to make important
decisions.

29. TYPES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS

30. Transaction Processing System(TPS)
• It is the simplest type of database system.
• It helps employees to perform routine tasks like
filling out customer orders, preparing bills,
calculating employees’ salaries and other
similar tasks.
• It also maintains a record of all these activities
but does not help managers directly.

31. The management Information System
(MIS)
• It is more useful to managers because it
enables them to search for information that
they can use to take decisions.
• The managers create charts and reports based
on that data.
• They can take decisions on the basis of these
reports and charts to make decisions.

32. Decision Support System(DSS)
• A DSS not only processes information in the
form of reports and chart but also help
managers find out the results of a particular
decision.
• A manager might need to decide the price of a
new product. He could fix the price at either
Rs 10 or Rs 12. what should he do?
• A DSS allows the managers to test the effect of
each option.

33. The Expert System(ES)
• It is the most advanced type of database
system. In addition to giving the results of
several options, an expert system also
suggests a decision to a manager.
• An ES might suggest that a manager fix the
price at Rs 10 because more customers will
buy it at a low price.
• Expert systems are used for more complicated
problems

34. The paperless office
• Paper is very important part of any office.
• People use paper to write letters, reports and
other important business messages.
• A paperless office is one where there is little or
no use of paper. No such office really exists, but
people think it might become possible in the
future.
• There would be minimal paperwork in a
paperless office.

35. The paperless office
• Paperless office would allow memos and
letters to be replaced by emails and scanned
records stored on computers.
• This would allow people to take the maximum
advantage from their computers and reduce
their dependence on paper.
• In paperless office , people would
communicate with colleagues, customers and
suppliers through electronic means.

36. Advantages of paperless office
• It has several advantages:
1. Reduced costs
2. Easier searching
3. Faster data-processing
4. Saving trees

37. 1. Reduced costs
• All the office files would be stored directly on
the computer or on CDs. a blank CD costs
approx Rs 20 and can store 15000 documents.
• Think of the space that this would save in a
filing cabinet!

38. 2. Easier searching
• Employees have to wade through tons of files
when they need to find a document dating
back five years or more. With an electronic
system, they would just have to enter the
keywords, such as the customer’s name, on a
computer and the search feature would display
the related files in an instant.
• Instead of days and hours, the process would
be completed within few minutes.

39. 3. Faster data-processing
• In a traditional office, forms are used for
different purposes. A data-entry operator reads
all the forms and enters the data into the
computer.
• In a paperless office, paper forms would be
replaced by electronic forms. These files would
be easily completed and emailed. There is no
need to enter the entire data from paper and
then process it. This would save a lot of time.

40. 4. Saving trees
• Every year about four billion trees are cut
down to make paper.
• The rate at which we cut down trees to
produce paper has damaged our eco system.
A paperless office would solve this problem by
helping to save trees.

41. Disadvantages of paperless office
• Despite having several advantages, a paperless
office has some disadvantages a well.
1. Natural affinity with paper
2. High initial costs
3. Security concerns

42. 1. Natural affinity with paper
• Many people feel they can concentrate more
while reading something they can hold in their
hands than while reading something on a
screen.
• Some documents, such as contracts, have to
be on paper.

43. 2. High initial costs
• Initial costs are the costs that would have to be
paid to set up a paperless office.
• A paperless office would save money but a lot
of money would have to be invested to set up a
paperless office.
• A paperless office would need computers,
scanners, CDs, software and IT staff.

44. 3. Security concerns
• In paperless office, all the data would be stored
on computer, the business would have to
ensure data protection and security.
• Appropriate security measures have to be
installed to protect the system from virus,
worms and hacker, to maintain IT system.

45. Telecommuting
• Telecommuting or teleworking means
communicating or working from a distance.
• Employees don’t need to be present in the
office to do their work. They can use computers
to work from home or while travelling.

46. Continued…
• Innovations like tablet computers, laptops and
internet have made telecommuting possible.
• There is no need to maintain office, you can
work from home.

47. • Computer networks have made it possible for
people separated by large distances to
communicate with each other.
Communicating with computers

48. FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

49. 1. Online chatting
• It is very popular mode of
communication.
• We can send text and audio messages
to our family members, friends and
colleagues .
• We send a message, it is transferred
instantly on receiving end. The recipient
type a response and send it.
• Don’t share your personal details with
people you don’t know.

50. 2. Blogging
• A log is a record of an activity.
• Maintaining a log is called
logging.
• A blog is a log that is maintained
on the world wide web(web
log).
• Blogging allows us to express
our views & opinions on the
WWW.

51. 2. Blogging
• A blog is a web page where a blogger can post his
opinions on various topics and write articles.
• Users visiting his web page can post comments on
his opinions and start a general discussion.
• Blogger can discuss current affairs, religion,
fashion & other diverse topics on their blogs.

53. 3. Web conferencing
• It is a very useful activity for businesses and
ordinary people.
• It helps us to interact with each other and share
information, when the participants/students are
scattered in different countries.
• To conduct a web conference, you need
computer, a webcam and internet connection.

55. 4. Social Networking
• There are special websites that enable us to
keep our friends and family members updated
about our activities.
• These websites are called social networking
websites. People can create personal profiles,
upload photographs, videos and other content.
• Distant people can view this information &
learn about each other’s life. People can also
view other people’s profiles & make new
friends

57. 5. Internet marketing
• Businesses have started
placing their
advertisements on website.
This is called online
advertising.
• Online advertisements tell
people about new
products, highlight their
attractive features & state
the price.

58. 5. Internet marketing
• Another method of
internet marketing is
email marketing.
Companies send emails
containing information
about their products to
people.
• Internet marketing is the
most inexpensive way to
reach your target market,
regardless of the size of
your business.

59. NEW JOBS IN THE TECHNOLOGY SECTOR

60. New jobs in the technology sector
• When computers are so extensively used in
industry there is a need for people who know
how to develop new technology and operate
it.
• This leads to new jobs being created.

61. 1. Software programmers
• A computer programmer, sometimes called a
coder is a person who creates
computer software.
• This software can be used by computers to
create computer-aided designs and control
manufacturing equipment.

62. 1. Software programmers
• A software house is a company that produces
software for CAD and CAM.
• Software is not only used by manufacturing
industries: schools, hospitals, airlines and
amusement centers also need different types
of software.

63. 2. Network administrator
• A network is an arrangement
of computers where each
computer is connected to
every other computer.
• No business can service
without a network.
• Networks allow computers to
share information and work
together.
• They allow businesses to
communicate with offices
throughout the world.

64. 2. Network administrator
• It is important for a computer network to
work efficiently at all times. Problem in the
network should be solved quickly.
• A network administrator is a person who
perform all these tasks.

65. 3. Call centre professionals
• Call centre have become a
major business in the
technology sector.
• They provide 24-hours
support to major
companies and their
customers.
• A good call centre work
efficiently at any time of
day and night.

66. Conclusion
• IT has created a lot of jobs but it has also
eliminated many jobs.
• Robots have taken over hundred of assembly
jobs. Previously, hundred or thousand of
workers worked on assembly line. Nowadays, a
few robots can do all that jobs.
• They might start their own business or pursue
education. A few become frustrated with being
unemployed & might become criminals.
• We should improve out skills to move towards
skilled work instead of manual.