@nursing_research

1. Sampling & Data collection
By- Salman khan
Lecturer

2. Population
• Population is the aggregation of all the units
in which a researcher is interested.
• In other words, population is the set of people
or entities to which the results of a research
are to be generalized.
• Ex- A researcher needs to study the problems
faced by postgraduate nurses of India; in this
the ‘population’ will be all the postgraduate
nurses who are Indian citizens.

3. Target Population
• A target population consists of the total number of
people or objects which are meeting the designated
set of criteria.
• In other words, it is the aggregate of all the cases with
a certain phenomenon about which the researcher
would like to make a generalization.
• Ex- A researcher is interested in identifying the
complication of diabetes mellitus type II among people
who have migrated to Ludhiana. In this instance, the
target population are all the migrants at Ludhiana
suffering with diabetes mellitus type II.

4. Accessible Population
• It is the aggregate cases that conform to designated
criteria and are also accessible as subjects for a study.
• Ex- A researcher is conducting a study on the
registered nurses (RN) working in Dayanand Medical
College & Hospital (DMCH), Ludhiana.
• In this case, the population for this study is all the RNs
working in DMCH, but some of them may be on leave
and may not be accessible for research study.
• Accessible population for this study will be RNs who
meet the designated criteria and who are also
available for the research study.

5. Sample
• Sample may be defined as representative unit
of a target population, which is to be worked
upon by researchers during their study.
• In other words, sample consists of a subset of
units which compromise the population
selected by investigators or researchers to
participate in their research project.

6. Sampling
• Sampling is the process of selecting a
representative segment of the population
under study.

7. Factors influencing sampling process
⮚Nature of the researcher
⮚Nature of the sample
⮚Circumstances

8. Nature of the researcher
• Inexperienced investigator
• Lack of interest
• Lack of honesty
• Intensive workload
• Inadequate supervision

9. Nature of the sample
• Inappropriate sampling technique
• Sample size
• Defective sampling frame

10. Inappropriate sampling technique
• If a researcher fails to choose an appropriate
sampling technique, the whole sampling
process may get affected.

11. Sample size
• Very large samples becomes heterogeneous
and do not exhibit characteristics of whole
population in general; also there are always
chances of a biased sample.
• If sample is too small, a researcher may not be
able to generalize the study findings to the
whole population.

12. Defective sampling frame
• Defective sampling frame leads to faulty
sampling process.
• Researcher should have adequate knowledge
about population under study to have an
appropriate sampling frame.

13. Circumstances
• Lack of time
• Large geographic area
• Lack of cooperation
• Natural calamities

14. Lack of time
• Adequate time should be available with the
researcher to have adequate planning and
implementation of the sampling process.
• Otherwise, the sampling process gets
adversely affected.

15. Large geographic area
• A large geographic area needs lots of time and
resources to accomplish the sampling process.
• In addition, large geographical areas can also
lead to mental & physical exhaustion and thus
the sampling process can gets adversely
affected.

16. Lack of cooperation
• During sampling process, researcher needs
cooperation from competent authorities as
well as from the study subjects.
• In the absence of cooperation of the requisite
authorities and study subjects, the sampling
process may be adversely affected.

17. Natural calamities
• Sometimes the sampling process is affected
by natural calamities, such as floods and
others natural disasters, deaths or other
environmental constrains.