Qualitative research design

1. 1Riiddhi Parmar

2. 1 Introduction
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET CONSECTETUER
2 Types
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET CONSECTETUER
2Riiddhi Parmar

3. 4 Definition
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It is a systematic research
approach, in which the researcher
tries to identify an experience or a
qualitative phenomenon under
study from the participant’s view
point in order to understand the
total phenomenon.(eg. Experience
of online classes during lockdown)
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4. 3 TYPES
1Phenomenological research
2Ethnographic research
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Grounded theory
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5. 3 TYPES
1Case study
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Action research
3Historical research
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6. Phenomenological
research
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7. Phenomenological
Introduction
• It is a qualitative research study, which examines
& describes a phenomenon or experience through
the descriptions provided by people involved in it
(lived experience).
• Here the subjects are asked to describe their
experiences as they perceive them.
• Its aim is to know the live experiences of people
and generates the theories or model of phenomena
being studied.
• Eg: feeling of mother whose child is having final
stage of blood cancer.
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8. • Bracketing: it is putting aside the ideas of the
researcher related to the phenomenon so that he
can view the experience from the subject’s point
of view.
• Data collected in this type of study may be oral or
written.
• Analysis of data requires special training by the
researcher.
• Result of such study is narrated as a series of
events from the research question
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9. 2 Data collection process
Real life situation
In-depth interview
Semistructured,
Audiotapped
interview
Sometimes
diary
Other written
material
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10. 4 EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
A phenomenological study on live
experiences of Earthquake victim
in selected villages of Kutch.
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A phenomenological study
on lockdown experiences of
students studying in
CHARUSAT university.

11. Ethnography
research
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12. Ethnography
• Harvard Business Review defines ethnography as a
“branch of anthropology that involves trying to
understand how people live their lives.”
• Ethno = people
• https://study.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/Eriksso
n%20and%20Kovalainen.pdf
• https://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol61/youth_cultur
e.pdf
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13. Ethnography
• It is the systematic process of observing, detailing,
describing, documenting & analyzing the life ways or
particular patterns of different cultures in order to
understand the culture.
• The primary purpose of ethnographic studies is to give
an in-depth description of the culture of a group being
studied from the groups point of view.
• Here, mostly the researcher lives with the group being
studied & becomes a part of their culture.
• This is method of conducting inquiry of a life process
by studying individuals, are facts or documents in their
natural setting
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14. Ethnography
• Data is collected by observations, interviews, life
histories, researcher’s interpretations, etc.
• Ethnographer’s collect information from the most
knowledgeable person of the group who are called as
key informants.
• Ethnographer’s follow bracketting here also.
• Data collection & analysis is done simultaneously
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15. 3 CHARACTERISTICS
Use themselves as
instruments where they
spends time with group
member
Certain level of intimacy with
culture group to study culture
Time consuming where
months or years of fieldwork
involved
Learn about culture groups in
which they are interested
Main 3 aspects: cultural
behaviour,(members of culture
do) cultural artefacts (wt
members of culture make and
use), and cultural speech (what
people in culture group say)
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16. 4 EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
Am ethnographic study on socio cultural
beliefs of people about antenatal, natal
and postnatal care of women in selected
tribal communities of Gujarat.
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17. Grounded Theory
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18. Grounded theory
• It is a systematic methodology involving construction
of theories through methodical gathering and analysis
of data.
• The theory is grounded in actual data means analysis
and development of theories happens after you have
collected data.
• In Grounded theory both collecting data & analyzing
data happen simultaneously; this is called as “constant
comparision”. Thus the theoretical formulations remains
grounded in the data.
• Here data is collected by interview or observations
• Eg: research conducted on literature review.
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19. 1 DATA COLLECTION
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Group interview
Individual interview
Observation
Participants journal, documents, self
report
DATA COLLECTION
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20. Historic research
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21. Historical research
• It is the systematic collection & critical evaluation of
data relating to past occurrences, with a view to
reconstruct & discover the occurrences/trends of the
past, which can be used to understand the present &
anticipate the future.
• Here data is collected from the records of the past (eg.
Scripts, paintings, audio/video recordings, letters,
films, diaries, speeches, news paper, etc)
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22. Historical research
• The data collected is checked for its
reliability & validity.
• The historians then analyze the collected
data & then give generalizations of the
research findings.
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23. 3 Characteristics
CHARACTERISTICS
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Careful study and
analysis of data about
past events.
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Critical investigation
of events, their
development,
experience of the past
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Involves review of
written material , but
may include oral
documentation
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Purpose is to gain clear
understanding of impact
of past on present and
future events related to
life process.
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24. 1 DATA COLLECTION
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Tools, utensils, clothing, furniture, paintings, coins
Firsthand information
Oral or written testimony
Documents, diaries, wills, licenses,
bills, magazines, maps
DATA COLLECTION
Records, actual witness
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25. 4 EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
A historical research on
the development of
nursing in india.
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26. Case study
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27. Case study
• Is an in-depth examination of people, places or
institutions.
• Acc. To Robson.
• Case study is the development of detailed,
intensive knowledge about a single “case”
or a small number of related cases.
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28. 4 EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
A case study on availbility
and utilization of
emergency services in
civil hospitl.
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29. Action research
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET CONSECTETUER
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30. Action research
• It is a form of applied research that tries to
empower people through a process that
constructs and uses knowledge.
• It tries to find practical solution to problems
existing in the framework of an organization.
• It increase the understanding of how change in
one’s action or practice can mutually benefits
nurses within an organization
• Changes are planned, which can be locally
implemented in particular organizaional set up.
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31. Action research
• Here one can identify questions, develop
strategy, gather data and determine effect
works
• Eg. Student poor performance….teaching
strategy…know the effectiveness.
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32. 1 DATA COLLECTION
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Interview
Observation
story telling
DATA COLLECTION
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33. 4 IMPORTANCE
To solve problem by
enriching the field of
application of a
discipline
To collaborate with
several discipline for
solving the problem
To study individual
cases without objective
of generalize
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34. 4 EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
An action research on the practability of western
nursing practice protocols in public and private
Indian health care organizations.
Action Research Healthcare: Focus on
Patients, Improve Quality, Drive Down Costs
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27770047/?from_t
erm=action+research&from_pos=3
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35. 1 SUMMARY
Ethnographic
research
Action research
phenomenological
research
Case study
Historical
research
Grounded
Theory
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