The presentation include detailed description of Biomass and Biofuels their preparation uses and examples. it covers the topics like production of Bio-diesel and bio-gas and their applications.

2. The term biomass most often refers to
organic matter such as timber and crops grown
specially to be burnt to generate heat and
power.
Biomass is defined as living or recently dead
organisms and any by-product of plants or
animals.

3. Biomass can be used to produce renewable
electricity, thermal energy or transportation fuels
i.e; Biofuels. The energy stored in biomass can
be released to produce the renewable electricity
or heat.
The most common examples of biomass are:

4.  Agriculture residues like corn leaves, wheat
grass, selected parts of trees (bearing fruits).
 Food waste.
 Animal by-products like fat, fish oil, animal dung.
 Energy crops like Miscanthus grass, Switch
grass, Willow algae.

5.  Forestry waste like Wood logging residues,
Wood thinnings.
 Municipal solid wastes, Urban wood wastes,
waste cooking oils.

6. The term Bio-fuels refers to fuels derived
from biomass i.e; from agricultural and domestic
waste by aerobic digestion (in the presence of
oxygen).
Eg: Bio-diesel, Bio-methane, Biogas, Bio-
ethanol

7. Bio-diesel is chemically very similar to diesel.
Bio-diesel is produced by trans-estrificarion of
vegetables oils like sunflower oil, soya-bean oil.
Bio-diesel molecule

8. Bio-diesel contains long chain carbon atoms
containing ester groups at one end where as
the regular Diesel contains long chain carbon
does not have ester group.
Diesel

9. Bio-diesel is produced by the process of
trans-esterification of vegetable oils in the
presence of methyl alcohol and potassium
hydroxide.
Applications:
Fuel in internal combustion engine.

11.  It is also called as Gobar gas or Bio-gas.
 Bio-methane is a mixture of Methane (CH4 - 47-
70 %), Carbon-dioxide (CO2 – 32-43 %), and
small amounts of nitrogen (< 1%) and trace of
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S).
 Bio-gas is produced by anaerobic oxidation of
biomass (absence of oxygen).
 Bio-gas can be compressed.

12.  Bio-gas can be produced as land fill gas (LEG)
by break down of biodegradable waste inside
land fill due to microbes and chemical reactions
by anaerobic oxidation.
 During this process the micro organisms will
transforms the biomass into Bio-gas (CH4, Co2)

13.  Bio-gas in India is traditionally based on dairy
manure (animal excreta) as feed stock called as
Gobar gas.
Simple sketch of Bio-gas plant

14.  Bio-gas is compressed and used as motor fuel.
 It is also used as domestic fuel.
 Bio-methane is used for running of gas turbines
to produce electricity and heat.
 Waste is used as agricultural fertilizer.

15.  Molecular formula C2H5OH.
 Bio-ethanol is denatured alcohol also called as
rectified spirit.
 Bio-ethanol is made by fermentation of sugar
and starch components of plant products
 Biomass is first subjected to milling and mixed
with water and enzymes.

16.  The super syrup and yeast were added and
subjected to fermentation which is followed by
distillation.
 Then the Bio-ethanol is further subjected to
rectification to remove impurities.
 Finally the alcohol is subjected to dehydration
and 99.7% pure Bio-ethanol is produce

17.  The by-product obtained in the process of
rectification are evaporated dried and made in
the form of pellets and used as dog’s feed.

18.  Bio-ethanol is blended with petrol to make a
transport fuel.
 It is used in cosmetics.
 It is used as solvent.