ARCHITECTURAL 4TH SEMESTER TOPIC, THATS HELPS IN UDERSTANDING OF ADHESIVES AND THERE USES, MARKET SRVEYS ARE THERE FROM INDIANMARTS THATS AVAILABLE ON INTERNET.

1. NATURAL
ADHESIVES
BY :-
GROUP-1st
(DIYA, MUJAMMIL,PRINCE,
RAKIB, SAHIL,SHUBHAM,
SMRITI)
B.ARCH
4TH SEMESTER
2020-21

2. What is adhesive ?
Adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage,
or paste, is any non-metallic substance applied to one or
both surfaces of two separate items that binds them together
and resists their separation.

3. Properties of Adhesives
cohesive strength
adherence
fluidity
wettability of the substrate
creep (tendency to flow under tension)
 Cohesive strength
The cohesive strength of a material is the strength of bonding
between the particles or surfaces that make up that material, this
bond is between the same material or surface.
 adherence strength
The adherence strength of a material is the strength of bonding
between the particles or surfaces that make up that material, this
bond is between the different material or surface.

4.  Fluidity
 Wettability of substrate
 Creep(tendency to flow under tension)
The fluidity of adhesives determines the penetration,
uniformity and quantity of adhesives, and directly affects
the speed, bonding, smoothness and strength of
cardboard.
Wettability is the ability of a liquid to maintain contact with
a solid surface, and it is controlled by the balance
between the intermolecular interactions of adhesive type
(liquid to surface) and cohesive type (liquid to liquid).
creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a
solid material to move slowly or deform
permanently under the influence of persistent mechanical
stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to
high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength
of the material.

5. For a material to perform as a adhesive, it must have four requirements
 It must "wet" the surfaces – that is it must flow out over the surfaces that are being
bonded, displacing all air and other contaminates that are present.
 It must adhere to the surfaces - That is a chemical bond must form between the
surface of the adhesive and the substrate stay in position and become "tacky".
 It must develop strength - The material must now change its structure to become
strong or non-tacky but still adherent.
 It must remain stable - The material must remain unaffected by age, environmental
conditions and other factors as long as the bond is required.

6. Preparation of surface
► Surface preparation is the process whereby the adherent surface is cleaned and/or
chemically treated to promote better adhesion.
The surface of the substrate must be:
 Clean
 Reasonably smooth
 Chemically receptive to the chosen adhesive

7. Uses of adhesives
• Physically interlocks materials
• Physically interlocks and chemically bonds materials.
• Dissolves plastics, which then re-harden ,similar to welding
• Binds to water and hydroxyl group on substrate surface.
• Viscosity of holds materials together
• Interlocks and bind to waterhydroxyl

8. Types of adhesives
 Adhesives are typically organized by the method of adhesion.
 These are then organized into reactive and non-reactive adhesives, which refers to whether the
adhesive chemically reacts in order to harden.
 Alternatively they can be organized by whether the raw stock is of natural, or synthetic origin, or by their
starting physical phase.
ADHESIVES
Natural
Adhesive
Rubber
Adhesive
Thermoplastic
Adhesive
Thermosetting
Adhesive

9. Natural adhesive
◦ Natural adhesives are made from organic sources such as vegetable starch (dextrin), natural resins, or
animals (e.g. the milk protein casein and hide-`based animal glues).
◦ These are often referred to as bioadhesives” .
EXAMPLE-
•Ancient Egyptians used flour paste in the making of papyrus (reed paper) and glue made from animal
skin and bones for woodworking.
•Monks of the Middle Ages (400–1450) used egg white to glue gold leaf to their illuminated (decorated)
manuscripts.

10. CONSTITUENTS

11. TYPES OF NATURAL ADHESIVES
ADHESIVES
Starch
and
dextrein
Geletine
(animal,
fish,
vegetable
glues)
Natural rubber Resin &
shellac
Asphalt &
bitumen

12. Starch & dextrin
These materials are derived from
cereals or roots such as corn, wheat, tapioca, sago, etc.
The basic constituent is polysaccharide which on
hydrolysis yield long chain glucose units.

13. Process

14. • DEXTIN-A soluble gummy substance obtained by hydrolysis of
starch.
-Dextrin adhesives bond well to porous surfaces, but are not water-
resistant and have a slow set time.
-They are a lower cost alternate and clean up better yhan water-based
resins.
The main use for these adhesives is the paper industry where they are
used in multiwall bags, corrugated paper etc.
Dextrin which is dry roasted starch is used in remoistenable
adhesives.

15. Galantine (animal, fish, vegetable glues)
Proteins which are derived from the hydrolysis of either collagen or soya
flour, or by separating casein from skim milk.
Animal glues from bones and hides are used in gummed tape, textiles &
the paper industry such as book-binding & case making.
Caseins from skim milk are used mainly in wood to wood bonds.
Soya bean glues are used in paper backs.
Blood glues are mainly used in veneering & plywood.

16. Natural rubber
Rubber is derived as a latex from the rubber tree (heave brasiliensis).
The raw latex is collected and concentrated & either sold as a latex or
coagulated & sold as solid for solvent dissolution.
Adhesives made from natural rubber, which is essentially polyisoprene,
are very tacky & are used in pressure sensitive applications or where long
bond times & tack are required such as tapes, ceramic tile adhesives,
flooring adhesives etc.

17. Resins, shellac
Natural resins have been used as adhesives.
Shellac is used in bonding mica splitting’s to form.
Mica board are used to be used in abrasives.
Gum arabic is used in remoisten able adhesives.
Copal gums are used in spirit soluble lino cements.

18. Asphalt & bitumen
These are high fractions of crude oil are more used as sealers rather than
adhesives expect in the bonding of coarse grade papers to produce
waterproof building papers.
Bitumen, also known as asphalt in the United States, is a
substance produced through the distillation of crude oil that is known for its
waterproofing and adhesive properties.

19. NATURAL ADHESIVES USES
• Natural adhesives such as starch, animal glues and plant resins have been
used for centuries, and are still used widely today for packaging and for
joining wood.
• It is used in the adhesion of ceramic tiles.
• Used in carpet laying.
• Adhesives are used as the bonding layer for floor fixing between the
existing floor and the substrate.
• It is used in the fixing of drywall lamination.
• They are mixed in the cement used for joints.

20. • Starch-based adhesives are used in corrugated board and paper sack production, paper tube
winding, and wallpaper adhesives.
• Casein glue is mainly used to adhere glass bottle labels.
•Animal glues have traditionally been used in bookbinding, wood
joining, and many other areas but now are largely replaced by synthetic
glues except in specialist applications like the production and repair of
stringed instruments.
•Albumen made from the protein component of blood has been used
in the plywood industry.
NATURAL ADHESIVES USES

21. • Fixing of pre-finished panels.
• Fixing of vinyl or resilient
flooring.
• It used in the fixing of roofing
systems and roof tiles .
example

24. Advantages
• Cost effective: There are no synthetic bases for these glues, so they are more cost-effective.
• Great tack and shear properties: The natural glues we produce tack on right away and resist shear
forces quite well.
• Range of materials: Natural adhesives can bond with a wide range of materials according to the
needs of the user.

25. Disadvantages
Weaker: Natural adhesives can’t compete with the hold synthetic adhesives
can produce.
Short life: Natural adhesives are better for applications that don’t need to
last too long. They may, for example, be best for general packaging.
Application: Natural glues should be applied to both surfaces to achieve a
strong bond.

26. Market survey
Gelatin IP, 50 Kg, Non Prescription
₹ 550/ Kg
Sold By - Arumugam & Co, Tamil Nadu

27. Gelatine Powder 1 Kg
₹ 1,000/ Kilogram
Sold By - Technical Edutech
And Engineers Private Limited,
Gujarat

28. Type Of Bitumen Cutback
Usage/Application Road Construction
Brand ISO
Source Natural
Surface of
Application
Glass,paper,wood,plastic
Grade Industrial
ISO Natural Bitumen Adhesive

29. Color Yellow
Thickness 0.5 mm to 50 mm
Material Rubbe
Length 10 Mtrs Rolls up
to 25 Mtrs rolls
Operating
temperature
30 degree C to 70
degree C
Product
type
Rubber Sheets
Yellow Natural Rubber
Sheets
₹ 65/ Kg
r

30. Material Rubber
Color Black
Usage Industrial
Length 10 Meters
Natural Graphite Rubber
₹ 150/ Number Get Latest Price

31. Synthetic Resin
Adhesives
Sold By - Apurva
Chem Industries,
Tamil Nadu

32. Natural Latex Adhesive
Brand HML
Purity 100%
Color Milky White
Packaging Type Can
Packaging Size 25 Ltrs
Strength High
₹ 100/ Litre

33. Pack Type Bag
Form Crystal
Moisture Less than 15%
Product Type Natural
Packaging Size 50 kg
Raw Arabic Gum
₹ 135/ Kilogram

34. Form Powder
Packaging Type Bag
Particle Size 25 kg
Density 0.8-1.0 g/mL at 25 DegC
Acidity 5-7 (pKa)
Minimum Order
Quantity
100 Kilogram
Guar Gum
₹ 50/ Kilogram

35. Color White
Packaging Size 50 Kg
Form Powder
Packaging Type PP Bags
Purity 100 % Pure
Moisture 10.0% max

36. THE END