2. What is a Smart City?
There is no a definite definition of Smart city, but the basic question is
that what we want a smart city to be.
According to Townsend(2014), ‘Smart Cities are places where information
technology is welded to address problems.
The old city of concrete, glass and steel now conceals a vast underworld of
computer and Soft wares.
The new city on the other hand is a digital upgrade to our built legacy
giving rise to a new wind of city-we may call it a smart city.
A global IT Company IBM thinks that ‘in the 21st century cities compete
globally to attract both citizens and businesses and the attractiveness of a
city is directly related to it’s ability to offer the basic services that support
growth opportunities.
4. Infrastructure elements in a smart city
1) Adequate water supply
2) Assured electricity supply
3) Sanitation, including solid waste management
4) Efficient urban mobility and public transport
5) Affordable housing, especially for under privileged
6) Digitalization
7) Good governance, especially e-governance and citizen participation
8) Sustainable environment
9) Safety and security of citizens
10) Health and education
5. Adequate water supply-
• Distribution and monitoring system through GIS, hydraulic modeling,
sustainable operations- metering and online billing etc. are some of the
successful systems should be implemented in smart cities.
• For instance, automatic meter reading should be established in all cities
as already established in megacities (Mumbai, hyderabad) of India.
• Smart toilets (sensor based ) should be installed.
6. Sanitation & solid waste management
• Sanitation & solid waste management are basic public services which
every citizen should have access to , both for health and hygiene and for
ensuring a good quality of living.
• Sanitation here refers to toilet facilities, whereas solid waste
management- collection and disposal of solid waste
• As per census of 2011, access to sanitation is highly adequate in the urban
areas- 19 percent of urban poor (slum) households defecate in the open,
42 percent do not have a toilet with flush system. This imposes significant
public health and environmental costs to urban areas that contribute
more than 60 percent of the country’s GDP.
7. Digital governance in smart cities
• Popular estimates predict that by 2050, 64 percent of the developing
world will reside in urban locales. And in developed nations this number is
posited to be a high 86 percent.
Rapid urbanization draws the focus on cities, and increasingly pressing
need for them to be “smart”.
• Multi channel citizen services: multi channel citizen interface like
( mobile/web/online/face to face/social media) for citizen services such as
bill payment, tax payment, birth certificate, grievances registration etc.
8. AADHAR-
• The UIDAI/AADHAR will offer a strong form of on-line authentication
where agencies can compare demographic and biometric information of
residents with the record already existing in the central database.
• The purpose of UIDAI is to issue a unique identification number to all
Indian residents and eliminate duplicate/fake entries.
9. Smart cities in the Indian context must include
the following aspects-
• Technology
• Financial
• Data access
• Energy
• Environment
• Climate change resilience
• Disaster risk management
• Reforms
• Governance, and citizens
10. Technology-
• Digital technologies can provide innovative efficient solution for managing
cities (e.g. traffic and transportation).
• Provide digital meters for water and electricity inside houses, where
citizens can monitor their usage and tariff, will help in conservation and
intelligent use of essential services.
11. Energy-
• Green and clean energy (renewable), smart grids, intelligent green
buildings that optimize the use of energy and in natural resources.
• This will also contribute to the climate mitigation efforts and GHG(green
house gas) emission reduction targets.
Climate change resilience-
• Smart city should be climate resilient, this means that right at the time of
planning for smart cities
in the water sector, for instance, this would include rainwater harvesting,
recycling of waste water, promoting water conservation and so on.
• Another example would be reducing the depending on a single source of
power by decentralizing power generation. E.g.- solar rooftops.
12. Disaster risk management-
• Smart cities need to be prepared for disaster management at all time.
• The disaster could be floods, earthquakes, fires, landslides etc.
• Governance and citizens
Governance and citizens-
• Governance is an extremely important part of managing cities well.
The main difference between developed and developing is not just
technology, but governance.
• Rules, regulations and their enforcement play a major role in how cities
function. India has very good rules, regulations in every sphere, but has
had a very poor enforcement record.
• Smart cities will require strong governance, aided by technology
13.
14. Smart Mobility-
• Intelligent transport solutions can provide seamless, safer, efficient and
effective management of public transport systems.
Similar results are also visible from use of IT in the planning and
management of transport infrastructure and services like taxies, autos,
goods transport, signaling systems, transport simulations, parking etc.
Smart mobility specifics-
• smart cards
• Smart signals
• Mobile enable real time maps roots way finding
15. strategy
The strategic components of smart city mission are:
I. Retrofitting
II. Redevelopment
III. Greenfield
IV. Pan-city initiative
16. Retrofitting
• Retrofitting will introduce planning in an existing built-up. area to achieve
Smart City objectives, along with other objectives, to make the existing
area more efficient and liveable.
• Depending on the existing level of infrastructure services in the identified
area and the vision of the residents.
• the city is expected that more intensive infrastructure service levels and a
large number of smart applications will be packed into the retrofitted
Smart City.
• This strategy may also be completed in a shorter time frame, leading to its
replication in another part of the city.ies will prepare a strategy to become
smart
17. Redevelopment
• Redevelopment will effect a replacement of the existing built-up
environment and enable co-creation of a new layout with enhanced
infrastructure using mixed land use and increased density.
• Two examples of the redevelopment model are the Saifee Burhani
Upliftment Project in Mumbai (also called the Bhendi Bazaar Project) and
the redevelopment of East Kidwai Nagar in New Delhi being undertaken by
the National Building Construction Corporation.
18. Greenfield
• Greenfield development will introduce most of the Smart Solutions in a
previously vacant area (more than 250 acres) using innovative planning,
plan financing and plan implementation tools (e.g. land pooling/ land
reconstitution) with provision for affordable housing, especially for the
poor.
One well known example is the GIFT City in Gujarat.
19. Pan city
• Pan-city development envisages application of selected Smart Solutions to
the existing city-wide infrastructure.
• Application of Smart Solutions will involve the use of technology,
information and data to make infrastructure and services better.
• For example, applying Smart Solutions in the transport sector and
reducing average commute time or cost to citizens will have positive
effects on productivity and quality of life of citizens.
• Another example can be waste water recycling and smart metering which
can make a substantial contribution to better water management in the
city
20. Smart city mission of india
In 2005 JNNURM was started which was redesigned as programmes like
the smart city and AMRUT in 2015.
The smart city mission will cover 100 cities during the five year period
from 2015 to 2019.
As per mentioned earlier smart city mission did not provide any definition
of the smart city but aims to harness the potential of the city which
aspires to become smart through smart solutions.
Smart solutions include e-governance and electronic service delivery,
video crime monitoring, smart meters for water supply management,
smart parking and intelligent traffic management to mention a few from
long list.
Application of smart solutions will enable cities to use technology,
information and data to improve infrastructure and services.
21. Smart cities in the Indian context
India has finally woken up to the fact that urban India is now growing
faster than rural India in absolute terms.
Urban India added 9.1 crores people to it’s population base during the
decade 2001-11 as compared to rural India’s 9.0 crores.
Cities, Especially those who are growing rapidly, need to be better planned
with smart solutions. Currently India’s urban areas face numerous
problems such as lack of adequate infrastructure and basic services,
poverty and slums, inadequate housing, mobility issues, pollution of all
types etc. these problems needed smart solutions and good governance.
23. Special purpose vehicle (SPV)
• The implementation of the Mission at the City level will be done by a
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) created for the purpose.
• The SPV will plan, appraise, approve, release funds, implement, manage,
operate, monitor and evaluate the Smart City development projects.
• Each smart city will have a SPV which will be headed by a full time CEO
and have nominees of Central Government, State Government and ULB on
its Board.
24. Financing of smart cities
• The Smart City Mission will be operated as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme
(CSS) and the Central Government proposes to give financial support to
the Mission to the extent of Rs. 48,000 crores over five years.
i.e. on an average Rs. 100 crores per city per year
• The project cost of each Smart City proposal will vary depending upon the
level of ambition, model and capacity to execute and repay.
• It is anticipated that substantial funds will be required to implement the
Smart City proposal and towards this end.
• Government grants of both the Centre and State will be leveraged to
attract funding from internal and external sources.
25. The distribution of funds under the Scheme will be as follows:
1. 93% project funds
2. 5% Administrative and Office Expenses for state/ULB (towards
preparation of SCPs and for PMCs, Pilot studies connected to area-based
developments and deployment and generation of Smart Solutions,
capacity building as approved in the Challenge and online services).
3. 2% A&OE funds for MoUD (Mission Directorate and connected
activities/structures, Research, Pilot studies, Capacity Building, and
concurrent evaluation).
26. Challenges
• This is the first time, a MoUD Programme is using the ‘Challenge’ or
competition method to select cities for funding and using a strategy of
area-based development.
• States and ULBs will play a key supportive role in the development of
Smart Cities.
• Smart leadership and vision at this level and ability to act decisively will be
important factors determining the success of the Mission.
• Major investments in time and resources will have to be made during the
planning phase prior to participation in the Challenge.
