My aspiration as a Graduate Student in the Davenport University Ma.docx

My aspiration as a Graduate Student in the Davenport
University Master of Business Administration program to study
abroad derives not only from the career I have established for
myself as an adult, but also from the many years I have served
overseas during my time in the United States Marine Corps and
United States Army.
I decided to become a Graduate Student after graduating from
the University of Phoenix with my Bachelor degree in Business
Administration and Management because I wanted to learn more
about the fundamentals of business, and I felt that continuing
my studies on this subject would best fit to serve this purpose.
Between my time in the United States Marine Corps and United
States Army, I served several years overseas and was fortunate
enough to have visited several countries during this time. This
exposure to different cultures, customs, and peoples sparked a
profound interest in the world outside of the United States.
Since my time in military service, and throughout my adult
career, I have read multiple books on the topic of globalization.
While I have not yet had the opportunity to work abroad, I have
tried building my global competency understanding through my
own study so I will be better prepared in doing so.
One of my skill sets that I have sharpened throughout my
professional career is my ability to think both critically and
analytically. However, as the world becomes more and more
integrated, it is vitally important to think critically in a global
context as barriers disappear and business abroad work more
and closer together.
Taking into account my professional work history with the time
I spent in military service, I feel as if I am in a position to best

take advantage of the learning opportunities through the proper
preparation and guidance that is offered in the Davenport
University Study Abroad Program.
This is why I choose Germany for where I want to Study
Abroad. With Germany being home to so many multinational
corporations that conduct their business globally, Germany is
truly the hub of international business and the focal point for
any student who is serious about the study of Globalization
should go to study.
What I hope to take away from the Study Abroad Program is a
stronger skill set that will allow for me to compete, and be
successful, in the global workforce as I will better be able to
develop my cross-cultural communication skills while acquiring
the sensitivity that will enable me to work with such diverse
cultures.
With the level of excellence I have pursued in everything I have
done, from my time in the United States Armed Forces, to the
multifaceted positions I have held in the companies I have
worked for, I know I would benefit greatly from the Study
Abroad program and would be an exceptional candidate for this
tremendous opportunity.
WelcomeWelcome!Please read this page (in particular) very
carefully.InstructionsYou need to understand how to send your
assignments (deliverables)to your instructor. The tabs (bottom
of each sheet) in thisdocument contain all of the deliverables
expected of you.If you need help along the way, look for these
special cells that have a red indicatorin the corner. It looks like
the "Read me" box to the right:Read meSimply slide your cursor
over the red-cornered cell and you will get more
information.The format for all of the deliverables is the
same:The 'assignment objective' is in black font.The next

segment is in green font. These are your instructions for that
assignment.The blue font is the data (where applicable) for
completing each the assignment.SoftwareWe are using Excel
software for the projects. You may use other softwareto
complete your projects, but please 'report' your answers in the
Excel formatdescribed below.You may complete your
assignments with any version of Excel software.All assignments
can easily be completed with a basic copy of Excel.There is also
an Add-In feature which is available for Excel that can be
helpful,although it is not required. The Add-In feature comes
free with each Excel package,although it may not be currently
loaded into your copy.Following are the simple instruction for
loading the Excel Add-ins for both Excel 2003and Excel 2007.
(Slide your cursor over the red-cornered cells to read)Excel
2003Excel 2007Excel Novice - Please readProject
TimelineDeliverables include:Project charter (target week 3 or
sooner)Baseline sigma (week 4 or sooner)Histogram (week 5 or
sooner)Expected variation (week 6 or sooner)t test ( week 7 or
sooner)Chi square (week 9 or sooner)ANOVA (week 11 or
sooner)DOE (week 12 or sooner)Scatter diagram (week 13 or
sooner)Control chart (XmR) (14 or sooner)Pp Ppk (week 15 or
sooner )How to submit an AssignmentIn response to customers
like you, we have added a peach-colored boxfor each
deliverable. We have done this to make it clear (and consistent)
theareas of the project that will be reviewed to your
instructor.Project:Manufacturing ProjectDeliverable:Improve
phase - gen. sol.Student last name:JohnsonWhat is the control
chart telling you?There is a point out of control at subgroup
#15. I would try to figure out why that happened. We would
also recalculate the control limits because there is evidence the
process has changed.What is the average of subgroup 1?22What
is the average of subgroup 2?34What is the average of subgroup
3?23What is the average of subgroup 4?22What is the average
of subgroup 5?25What is the average of subgroup 6?23What is
the average of subgroup 7?29What is the average of subgroup
8?27Read this!To send each assignment to your

instructor:Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-
LEFT corner of thepeach-colored box, then while holding down
on that button, drag tothe LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box.
This will highlight the entireRead this!peach-colored box.
Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This willcopy what
has been highlighted.Go to your Villanova website and follow
this sequence:1. Click on the 'email' icon on your course home
page2. Select 'new message'3. Click on your instructor's email
envelope icon4. Type "the respective assignment name" in the
SUBJECT box.5. Click once inside of the message box6. Do a
CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box.Don't
be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is
out ofalignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND.7.
SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it
straightened out.Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout
the course.DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE
END.Procrastinators: The deadline for completing all project
deliverablesis 7 days prior to the end of the course.
Welcome1
Excel examples0
Scatter Diagram
0
The project5262145824524321
Define (Project Charter)This spreadsheet tab provides
illustrations of adding the DATA ANALYSIS capability to your
Excel software.If you see Data Analysis already listed under the
Tools tab, you are set. If you do not see Data Analysisfollow
the instructions in the Green tab.Excel 2003 instructionsExcel
2003 or earlier versions of Excel exampleThis spreadsheet tab
provides illustrations of adding the DATA ANALYSIS
capability to your 2007 Excel software.If you see Data Analysis
already listed under the DATA tab, you are set. If you do not
see Data Analysisfollow the instructions in the Green tab.Excel
2007 instructionsExcel 2007 example
Instructor:
These cells contain some hints, tips, and self-checks.

If you would like to print any of the tips, right click the cell
containing the tip and select Edit Comment.
Highlight the text, copy and paste in a any text document like
WORD for printing.
Instructor:
EXCEL 2003 or earlier
Click on the TOOLS tab in the top bar of Excel. If your
computer already has the “Data
Analysis” option listed, you are ready to go. Your Data
Analysis tools have already been added.
Under the Data Analysis Function you will find some of the
more advanced functions that we will be discussing such as
ANOVAs, and t tests.
If you do not see Data Analysis listed under the TOOLS tab, I
encourage you to go to the Help function in Excel for specific
instructions on how to load “the Data Analysis Toolpak” in your
version of Excel.
Here are the easy standard instructions for Excel 2003 if you
need to load the Add-Ins.
1) On the Tools menu, click Add-Ins.
2) In the Add-Ins available box, select the check box next to
Analysis Toolpak, and then click OK.
3) When you load the Analysis Toolpak, the DATA ANALYSIS
command is automatically added to the TOOLS menu.
If your version if slightly different than the above, refer to your

HELP function for details on loading Tookpak.
See the next spreadsheet at the bottom of this worksheet entitled
EXCEL EXAMPLES for an illustration.
The Data Analysis function in Excel is NOT required for the
completion of this course.
Villanova instructor:
Excel 2007
The Analysis ToolPak is a Microsoft Office Excel add-in
program that is available when you install Microsoft Office or
Excel. To use it in Excel, however, you need to load it first.
1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Excel
Options.
2. Click Add-Ins, and then in the Manage box, select Excel
Add-ins.
3. Click Go.
4. In the Add-Ins available box, select the Analysis ToolPak
check box, and then click OK.
If you get prompted that the Analysis ToolPak is not currently
installed on your computer, click Yes to install it.
5. After you load the Analysis ToolPak, the Data Analysis
command is available in the ANALYSIS group on the DATA
tab.
See the next spreadsheet EXCEL EXAMPLES for an
illustration.

The Data Analysis function in Excel is NOT required for this
course.
Instructor:
It is beyond the scope of this Black Belt course to teach
students how to perform all of the functions of Excel.
The Microsoft web site has excellent FREE tutorials for both
Excel 2003 or Excel 2007.
Excel 2007
http://office.microsoft.com/en-
us/training/CR100479681033.aspx
Excel 2003
http://office.microsoft.com/en-
us/training/CR061831141033.aspx
Or, ask a business colleague, who is proficient in Excel to show
you how to do some of the basic things such as copying,
cutting, pasting, copying from sheet to sheet, etc.
Please do not expect your Black Belt class instructor to teach
you how to use Excel software. That is not the objective of this
course. This course will highlight specific Excel commands
that are unique to Six Sigma, but it is not the objective of this
course to teach basic Excel commands. Please use the
suggested resources listed above.
Instructor:

version of Excel.
Remember that the Data Analysis function is NOT necessary for
the course, but it is helpful.
If you would like to print this tip, right click on the cell and
select EDIT COMMENT. Then just highlight and copy the text,
and paste in a document for printing.
Excel 2007
The Analysis ToolPak is a Microsoft Office Excel add-in

Options at the bottom.
Add-ins.
3. Click Go.
4. In the Add-Ins available box, select the Analysis ToolPak
check box, and then click OK.
If you get prompted that the Analysis ToolPak is not currently
installed on your computer, click Yes to install it.
5. After you load the Analysis ToolPak, the Data Analysis
command is available in the ANALYSIS group on the DATA
tab.
Remember that the Data Analysis function is not required for
the course.
Measure (Baseline sigma)Manufacturing ProjectLovell Levelers,
Inc. is a major provider of specialized partsfor the automotive
industry. LLI’s biggest customer, Specific Motorswas not a
delighted customer this month. In fact, lastMonday, the
executive vice president of Specific Motors headquarters,Phyllis
Kendall was diverted from a return trip from Singaporeto drop
in unexpectedly at the LLI plant. There was nothingroutine
about this visit. She made it explicitly clear thatSpecific
Motors was disappointed with the level of quality relativeto the
leveler plates. In particular, she was disappointed with

thecurrent average of rejects at the rate of 1,350 defects per
millionopportunities (DPMO) at a cost of poor quality of just
over $256,000per quarter. She said the industry standard is less
than 50 DPMO andif we do not get the level of quality to the
industry standard (as aminimum) within the next six months,
LLI should not expectto keep the business next year.The student
will be a Black Belt working for LLI. The specifics about their
company:CEOBill LovellGMMary NicholsSponsorJohn
HoppsFinanceCindy JenkinsProcess ownerLeroy MillerMaster
BBDennis KensManufacturingMitch FreeseDesign EngineerAl
NelsonQualityDebbie JudsonThe deadline for completing all
project deliverables is 7 days prior to the end of the course
Analyze (Histogram)Objective:A problem statement needs to be
developed.There needs to be a business case so that
management will buy-in to having the teamworking on the
project. The scope of the project also needs to be decided upon.
This isimportant to ensure a likely successful completion. If
the scope is too broad, asuccess may not be realized for years,
or may not happen at all.Instructions for you:Create a project
charter based"Create a charter?"upon the information in the
introduction. (see "The project" tab below)In reality, you
would fill in a charter with team members' names, stake holders,
etc. Weare not interested in those details for this simulation,
but we do want to see what youcome up with for four (4) items:
Problem statement, business case, goal and project scope.Be
sure to review the week 2 virtual class for more information on
Project Charters before you submit this assignment!How to
submit an AssignmentTARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit
in Week 3 or earlierProject:Manufacturing
ProjectDeliverable:Project charterStudent last name:Your LAST
name hereWhat is the business case?Type in your business case
here."Business Case?"What is the problem statement?Type in
your problem statement here."Problem Statement"What is your
goal statement?Type in your goal statement here."Goal
Statement"What is the project scope?Type in the scope here.
Please see the Helpful Hints ==>"Project Scope?"To send each

assignment to your instructor:Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse
button at the TOP-LEFT corner of thepeach-colored box, then
while holding down on that button, drag tothe LOWER-RIGHT
corner of the box. This will highlight the entirepeach-colored
box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This willcopy
what has been highlighted.Go to your Villanova website and
follow this sequence:1. Click on the 'email' icon on your course
home page2. Select 'new message'3. Click on your instructor's
email envelope icon4. Type "the respective assignment name"
in the SUBJECT box.5. Click once inside of the message box6.
Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this
box.Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of
the text is out ofalignment. It will straighten out after you hit
SEND.7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to
see how it straightened out.Please 'hand-in' your assignments
throughout the course.DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE
Instructor:
Additional information about project charters can be found in
your Online Textbook.
I also HIGHLY recommend reviewing week #2 archived virtual
class session for additional information and helpful hints for the
assignment!
Instructor:
Acting as your real-world sponsor, I would need to be sold on
why we need to do this project. I wouldn't have time to read
long explanations. I would need to know what this project is all
about and how it impacts the strategic objectives of the
organization. I would need a short, to-the-point compelling
reason why we need to do this.
Instructor:
In the problem statement, we 'sell' the need for the project with
specific and measureable data. One or two sentence description
of the symptoms arising from the problem to be addressed. It

will often parallel the Business Case, but will be more specific
and focused.
Answer; What’s wrong? Where is the problem appearing? How
big is the problem? What is the impact of the problem on the
business?
Instructor:
Outline the project scope in process terms (where does it start
and stop - ie. incoming receiving to finsihed goods), and
identify any constraints and assumptions. How much of our
work time can be devoted to project per week? Do we have any
authority to spend money? Who (what) are our internal/external
resources?
Also be sure to review week #2 archived virtual class session
for additional information and helpful hints!
What the scope is not:
-It is not merely a timeline (i.e., when the Six Sigma project is
to begin and when it is expected to end.)
-It is not restating the problem being attacked.
Instructor:
The Goal Statement and Problem Statements are a matched pair.
What is your target improvement for this project, including a
target date?
George Eckes mentions a 50% improvement as a possible target
for Six Sigma projects. Is a 50% improvement enough in this
case?
Analyze (Expected variation)Objective:We want you to
determine baseline sigma for both the current defect level and
thenew target defect level. (approximate is okay)You will need
to refer to the tab below entitled "The Project" for this
deliverable.Instructions for you:Calculate baseline sigma.Sigma
Levels6 sigma3.4 dissatisfied customer experiences per million

(DPMO)5 sigma233 DPMO4 sigma6,210 DPMO3 sigma66,807
DPMO2 sigma308,538 DPMO1 sigma691,462 DPMOHow to
submit an AssignmentTarget Assignment Date - Submit in Week
4 or earlierProject:ManufacturingDeliverable:Baseline
SigmaStudent last name:Your last name hereBaseline sigma for
current defect level::Help?Baseline sigma for the new target
defect levelTo send each assignment to your instructor:Click-
and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of
thepeach-colored box, then while holding down on that button,
drag tothe LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will
highlight the entirepeach-colored box. Release the mouse
button. Do a CTRL-C. This willcopy what has been
highlighted.Go to your Villanova website and follow this
sequence:1. Click on the 'email' icon on your course home
Instructor:
You can look up the respective DPMO given in 'The project' tab
in the table above.
Also please refer to Week #3 virtual class session for additional
information and examples on how to use the table above.
Analyze (T Test)Objective:The Black Belt team did a pareto
analysis of the data and determined that three factors were
causingover 95% of the problem with the leveler plates. Those
factors are,the length of the plates, the width of the plates, and

the thickness of the plates.You need to know if the data from
these three 'product parameters' are normally
distributed.Instructions for you:1. Construct three (3)
histograms for the three data sets.2. Interpret each of the
histograms to determine whether the variables are random or
normallydistributed.Data:LengthWidthThickness10.677.510.551
10.747.570.546Histograms in Excel
200310.687.550.54610.727.530.55410.667.530.546Histograms
in Excel
200710.697.560.54210.707.520.54510.727.580.538More on Bin
Ranges10.697.550.55210.687.530.54710.727.560.54610.707.580
.54510.707.550.54610.737.550.54810.757.540.54610.737.570.5
4310.697.540.54810.687.550.54510.707.550.55310.777.560.539
10.727.540.54910.697.560.54110.667.560.54310.697.550.54510
.637.540.54910.687.550.54610.737.560.54510.747.570.54010.6
57.540.54110.697.550.54510.707.540.54710.727.550.54310.757
.530.54510.717.540.54610.727.550.547Upper
Spec117.660.56Lower
Spec10.57.450.54Target10.757.550.55How to submit an
AssignmentTarget Assignment Date - Submit in Week 5 or
earlierYOU DO NOT NEED TO SEND THE ACTUAL
HISTOGRAMSProject:ManufacturingDeliverable:HistogramStu
dent last name:Your LAST name hereIs 'length' normally
distributed?Yes or No"Normal?"Is 'width' normally
distributed?Yes or NoIs 'thickness' normally distributed?Yes or
NoYOU DO NOT NEED TO SEND THE ACTUAL
HISTOGRAMSTo send each assignment to your
This will highlight the entirepeach-colored box. Release the
mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This willcopy what has been

Instructor:
If you want your histogram to have the appropriate number of
bin ranges (also known as cell intervals), you will need to enter
some bin ranges in the dialogue box in DATA ANALYSIS for
making Histograms.
We will do the first one for you. The largest value you have in
the 'length' column is 10.77. The smallest is 10.63. So, the
range is 0.14. Add +1 for 'inclusion' (as mentioned in the
lecture on cell intervals) = 0.15.
The recommended number of cell choices for n = 35 is 5 to 7. I
pick 5 to make the math easier. That means I will have 5 cells
with 0.03 in each.
So, for the first data set the cell intervals are:
10.63-10.65
10.66-10.68
10.69-10.71
10.72-10.74
10.75-10.77
Enter the 'maximum' value (or ending value) from each cell
interval into a separate place in this worksheet - location is not
important. (i.e., 10.65, 10.68, 10.71, 10.74, 10.77).

Then you will be able to drag the cursor across them to satisfy
the bin range box in DATA ANALYSIS.
Confused? Re-watch the lecture on histograms and cell
intervals.
Instructor:
Excel 2007 - 2 Options
Option #1 (Quick and Dirty draft of a histogram)
1) Click DATA tab
2) Go to ANALYSIS category on the DATA tab
3) Click on DATA ANALYSIS (If you do not see DATA
ANALYSIS, refer to the EXCEL EXAMPLES tab at the bottom
of this spreadsheet for instructions in loading the DATA
ANALYSIS features.)
4) Select HISTOGRAMS and then click OK
5) The cursor should be blinking in the "Input Range" box
6) Highlight your data
7) Click in "New Worksheet Ply"
8) Skip the bin range option, and other options
9) Check the "Chart Output" box
10) Click OK
11) You may drag your mouse over the corner of the graph to
enlarge it.
Option #2 (A More polished copy where you determine the bin
ranges)
1) Click DATA tab

2) Go to ANALYSIS category on the DATA tab
3) Click on DATA ANALYSIS (If you do not see DATA
ANALYSIS, refer to the EXCEL EXAMPLES tab at the bottom
of this spreadsheet for instructions in loading the DATA
ANALYSIS features.)
5) Determine the range of the data set, from your smallest to
your largest data value
6) Add one value (in the unit you are measuring) for 'range with
inclusion' (Example: .14 (range) + .01 = .15)
7) Determine the appropriate number of bars for your sample
size (Example: < 50 data points use 5, 6 or 7 bars)
8) Calculate both the beginning and ending point of each cell
and list the beginning and ending points of each bin in separate
cells. For example, if you have a range of .15, you could have
5 cells with .03 data value per cell.
9) Now you have an idiosyncrasy of Excel. Excel will give you
the option of designating the bin ranges.
But, you should give Excel the ENDING value of each bin
rather than the beginning value. Highlight the cells that
include the ending value of each bin under the BIN RANGE
option.
10) Highlight your complete data set under the INPUT RANGE
option
11) Check on CHART OUTPUT and where you want the
histogram chart located. (New worksheet or imbedded)
12) Click OK
13) You may drag your mouse over the corner of the histogram
chart to enlarge it.
14) When Excel drafts histograms, the bars do not adjoin.
Ideally, we want the bars of a histogram to adjoin because we
are graphing continuous data. To make the bars adjoin, right
click on top of bars and choose FORMAT DATA SERIES. In
Excel 2007, you go directly to setting GAP WIDTH to zero.
15) To change the color scheme of the histogram, right click
somewhere outside of the bars in the graph and choose

FORMAT PLOT AREA. You can choose many color formats.
16) When you plan the cell intervals, there are no data points in
the MORE category, so you may delete it, because the MORE
category is often confusing to people. DO NOT delete the
MORE category if it has data points in it.
17) Only go through these more detailed steps if you are
interested in a polished Histogram. Otherwise run a quick draft
of the histogram with Option #1.
Instructor:
Excel 2003 - 2 Options
Option #1 (Quick and Dirty draft of a histogram)
1) Click TOOLS in the Excel toolbar
2) Click Data Analysis
4) The cursor should be blinking in the "Input Range" box
5) Highlight your data
6) Click "New Worksheet Ply"
6) Skip the bin range option, and all other options
7) Check the "Chart Output" box
8) Click OK, and your histogram will appear.
graph to enlarge it.
10) Do NOT delete the MORE category if there are data values
in it.
Option #2 (A more polished copy where you determine the bin
ranges, rather than Excel)

1) Click TOOLS in the Excel toolbar
2) Click Data Analysis
4) Determine the range of the data set, from your smallest to
your largest data value
5) Add one value (in the unit you are measuring) for 'range with
inclusion' (Example: .14 (range) + .01 = .15)
6) Determine the appropriate number of bars for your sample
size (Example: < 50 data points use 5, 6 or 7 bars)
7) Calculate both the beginning and ending point of each cell
and list the beginning and ending points of each bin in separate
cells. For example, if you have a range of .15, you could have
5 cells with .03 data value per cell.
8) Now you have an idiosyncrasy of Excel. Excel will give you
the option of designating the bin ranges.
But, you should give Excel the ENDING value of each bin
rather than the beginning value. Highlight the cells that
include the ending value of each bin under the BIN RANGE
option.
9) Highlight your complete data set under the INPUT RANGE
option
10) Check on CHART OUTPUT and where you want the
histogram chart located. (New worksheet or imbedded)
11) Click OK
chart to enlarge it.
13) When Excel drafts histograms, the bars do not adjoin.
Ideally, we want the bars of a histogram to adjoin because we
are graphing continuous data. To make the bars adjoin, right
click on top of bars and choose FORMAT DATA SERIES. In
Excel 2003, you will have to select OPTIONS. Then set the
GAP to Zero.
14) To change the color scheme of the histogram, right click
somewhere outside of the bars in the graph and choose
FORMAT PLOT AREA. You can choose many color formats.
15) When you plan the cell intervals, there are no data points in

the MORE category, so you may delete it, because the MORE
category is often confusing to people. DO NOT delete the
MORE category if it has data points in it.
16) Only go through these more detailed steps if you are
interested in a polished Histogram. Otherwise run a quick draft
of the histogram with Option #1.
Instructor:
Is it bell-shaped? Remember, you would need an infinite
sample size for it to be perfect. Close wins the cigar.
We want to know if the distributions are 'approximately' normal
or randomly distributed. In other words, do the distributions
appear to be an approximate bell curve.
For a distribution to be skewed, the tails should appear
'significantly' distorted.
More than one peak in the data indicates the data is not
normally distributed.
Analyze (Chi Square) Objective:Your boss wants to know the
limits of expected variation. You know there is another
shipmentcoming in next week and based upon this week's run,
you can calculate/predict the limitsof expected variation by
calculating the mean and standard deviation.The Mean and
StDev in Excel 2003The Mean and StDev in Excel
2007Expected variationInstructions for you:1. Calculate the
average for length, width and thickness.2. Calculate the
standard deviation for each.3. From these calculations,
determine the expected variation. ( Use + or - 3 sigma)You may
complete this assignment by hand, as taught in the lecture. You
may use Excel, or youmay use a calculator or other software.
We explain the fundamentals of the calculations, so thatyou

learn the mechanics and the meaning of standard deviation.
This basic approach gives you anunderstanding of standard
deviation, which then allows you to be flexible in the tools that
you
use.Data:DataLengthWidthThickness10.677.510.55110.747.570.
54610.687.550.54610.727.530.554Decimal places in
Excel10.667.530.546Excel STORES the full decimal value of a
number in its cells.10.697.560.542But, you can adjust how
many decimal values10.707.520.545are VISIBLE in your
spreadsheet. For example,10.727.580.538if your average/mean
was 2.4557643, Excel10.697.550.552could display that number.
Or, you can set your spreadsheet10.687.530.547number to
display the value to 4 decimal places,
2.4558.10.727.560.546Following are the instructions for re-
setting the number of10.707.580.545decimal places that are
visible in Excel for both Excel 2003 and10.707.550.546Excel
2007. NOTE: Try to not use 'rounded' data during
your10.737.550.548calculations. In your final result, you may
round to one10.757.540.546more decimal place than your raw
data.10.737.570.54310.697.540.548Excel
200310.687.550.54510.707.550.553Excel
200710.777.560.53910.727.540.54910.697.560.54110.667.560.5
4310.697.550.54510.637.540.54910.687.550.54610.737.560.545
10.747.570.54010.657.540.54110.697.550.54510.707.540.54710
.727.550.54310.757.530.54510.717.540.54610.727.550.547Uppe
r Spec117.660.56Lower
Spec10.57.450.54Target10.757.550.55How to submit an
earlierProject:ManufacturingDeliverable:Expected
variationStudent last name:Your last name hereREPORT ALL
OF THE RESULTS TO AT LEAST 4 DECIMAL PLACES!Mean
for LENGTH:::Standard deviation for LENGTH:::What is the
lowest point of expected variation?HelpWhat is the upper point
of expected variation?Mean for WIDTH:::Standard deviation for
WIDTH:::What is the lowest point of expected variation?What
is the upper point of expected variation?Mean for

THICKNESS:::Standard deviation for THICKNESS:::What is
the lowest point of expected variation?What is the upper point
of expected variation?To send each assignment to your
Instructor:
What is expected variation?
We know that 68% of data from a normal process is expected to
fall + or - 1 sigma from the mean.
We know that 99.7% of data from a normal process is expected
to fall + or - 3 sigma from the mean.
So, the expected variation that we would likely see in any
normally distributed data will fall + or - 3 sigma. The Expected

Variation limits are established by setting boundaries 3 standard
deviations each side of the mean.
Any value above +3 standard deviations or below - 3 standard
deviation is considered to be "assignable-cause" variation and
needs to be dealt with according.
Instructor:
What is expected variation?
We know that 99.7% of data from a normal process is expected
to fall + or - 3 sigma from the mean.
So, the expected variation that we would likely see in the data
will fall + or - 3 sigma from the mean.
Instructor:
Excel 2003
1. Highlight the data cells that you want to modify.
2. Click on FORMAT at the top Excel bar.
3. Click on CELLS

4. Under the NUMBER tab, choose the Number Category
5. Set the number of decimal places to your choice.
Instructor:
Excel 2007
1. On the HOME tab, find the NUMBER category.
2. Click on the drop down arrow by the word GENERAL.
3. Selected MORE NUMBER FORMATS.
4. Specify the number of decimal points.
Instructor:
Want to use Excel 2003 to find the mean and standard
deviation?
1. Click Tools in the top bar
2. Click Data Analysis (If you don't see Data Analysis as an
option on the TOOLS menu, go to the 'EXCEL EXAMPLES' tab
at the bottom of this spreadsheet for instructions to load the
Data Analysis Tookpak.)
3. Click Descriptive statistics
4. OK
5. Drag with mouse to capture the data.
6. New Workbook Ply
7. Summary statistics
8. OK (You probably will need to resize your

column widths to fully see the chart) You may also reset
the
number of decimal values that are visible, by clicking
FORMAT -
CELLS - NUMBER and setting the decimal place.
Note: You can also do this on a simple scientific calculator.
If you want to learn how to do it on a calculator, refer to the
bonus lecture MATH PRIMER.
Instructor:
Want to use Excel 2007 to find the mean and standard
deviation?
1. Click the DATA tab in the top bar
2. In the ANALYSIS category, click on Data Analysis
(If you don't see Data Analysis as an option go to the 'EXCEL
EXAMPLES' tab at the bottom of this spreadsheet for
instructions to load the Data Analysis Tookpak.)
3. Click Descriptive statistics
4. OK
5. Drag with mouse to capture the data.
6. New Workbook Ply
7. Check Summary statistics
8. OK (You probably will need to resize your
column widths to fully see the chart) You may also reset
the
number of decimal values that are visible, by going to the
NUMBER category on the HOME page. Click on the drop
down
menu and select MORE NUMBER FORMATS. Select
number and
specify the number of decimal points that you want to view

in
your spreadsheet. Remember Excel stores the entire value
in
the cell. You are just designating how many decimal places
are
displayed in the cell.
Note: You can also do this on a simple scientific calculator.
If you want to learn how to use a calculator, refer to the
bonus lecture MATH PRIMER.
Analyze (ANOVA)Objective:There is thought among some
people at your facility that the old methodand the new method
are producing product at different thicknesses.You DO NOT
WANT the methods to be different. In fact, you wantthe
methods to be producing products that are the same. To address
this, yousuggest using a T test. If the methods are significantly
different, you have a problem.If the null is NOT rejected--that
is good news! The team agrees that a sample sizeof 25 is
adequate for the test. Remember...You are hoping the null does
notget rejected. The team decides a significance level at 0.05
for the test.Instructions for you:Step 1. You need 4
numbers:Old method's average: m = .012576New method's
average: x-bar(you need to calculate it from the data
below)Standard deviation of sample data 's'(you need to
calculate it from the data below)n number of samples 'n'(you
need to count them yourself from the data below)Step 2. State
the null and alternate hypothesis.Step 3. Calculate the T test
statistic from the formula found in the t test lecturein your
white manuals. (Use ALL of the available digits, DO NOT
ROUND!)Step 4. Determine the critical T value (refer to the T-
distribution Table in the Online Textbook.)[Hint: (n - 1) is 25 -
1 = 24 df] and considering a 95% confidence.Step 5. What is
your conclusion?"How did you come up with µ?""How can I

find x-bar?""How can I find S?""Hypothesis statement?""How
much help is Excel for this?""My conclusion?""I'm lost in
calculating the Test Statistic""What's the difference between 1-
tail or 2?"Data:New
method0.0090.0100.0110.0110.0100.0110.0110.0130.0080.0120
.0100.0130.0140.0120.0090.0140.0110.0150.0110.0120.0150.01
10.0110.0120.008How to submit an AssignmentTarget
Assignment Date - Submit in Week 7 or
earlierProject:ManufacturingDeliverable:T TestStudent last
name:Your last name hereREPORT ALL OF THE RESULTS TO
AT LEAST 4 DECIMAL PLACES!Old method average:::Enter
hereCheckNew method average:::Enter hereCheckStandard
deviation (s):::What is S?Checkn = :::What is n?State the null
hypothesis:::Write the null hypothesis here.State the alt.
hypothesis:::Write the alt. hypothesis here.T test
statistic:::What is it?CheckOne tail or two?1 or 2?Critical
value:::What is it?CheckReject the null? (yes, or no?):::Y or
N?Please write the hypothesis conclusion:::Write your
conclusion here.To send each assignment to your

Instructor:
You are given the mean of the population. It comes from the
old method's historical data.
Instructor:
From the data below.
Instructor:
From the data below.
Instructor:
A quick refresher on hypothesis statements. I recommend
starting off with thinking about what you are trying to test.
In this case, we are attempting to test if the old method and the
new method are producing different averages/means. This
becomes our alternative hypothesis.
The null hypothesis is always what we would expect by chance
alone. In this example, both the old method and the new
method are expected to create the same product dimension.
Therefore, we would expect the old method average and the new
method average to be equal.
The alternative hypothesis, in contrast, is attempting to test if
the methods are producing different average dimensions of
product.
Now you should be able to write your Null and Alternative
Hypothesis in standard format.
Instructor:
Since µ is given, using the Data Analysis function is of little
use. You could set up the formula manually in Excel, but it is

faster to do in on paper with a simple calculator per formula in
the lecture on the Student T Distribution in your white manuals.
To make sure you are using the correct formula you will be
using µ, X-bar, s (from your own calculation), and n. That
formula is listed on page 190 in Book 1 of 4 of your white
manuals.
Instructor:
If the calculated T is greater than the critical T, there is 95%
confidence that the means are statistically different. In other
words, the null hypothesis can be rejected. In other words, the
data suggest there is a difference in the means.
Instructor:
Did you read all of the other helpful notes on this sheet?
Did you watch the lecture the Student's T Distribution?
Instructor:
Simply put:
Are you just looking to see whether or not there is a
DIFFERENCE…
2 tail
(In other words, are they equal to each other, or not?)
1 tail
Are you looking for any of these:
<, >, =>, ,<=
Instructor:
You should get a value between 0 and 0.030
Instructor:
Instructor:

Instructor:
You should get a value between 1 and 5. ( This value could be
either positive or negative. )
Instructor:
You should get a value between 0 and 5.
Improve (DOE)Objective:Going down the DMAIC road, you and
your team are continuing to tryto get a handle on what is
causing additional defects in theleveler plates. You are trying
to reduce the variation in that process.One of the team members
suggested that defects of type A or B isdependent upon the test
sites. In other words, he thinks that one ormore of the three test
sites may be influencing the defect rate oftype A and/or type B.
One way to find out is through the use of theChi Square test for
independence. There are three test sites that aredesigned to
detect two types of defects. There have been argumentsthat Site
3 is not able to detect as many Type A defects as the othertest
stations. You have been asked to prove (or disprove) that test
siteand defect type are independent of each other.Test at 95%
confidence.Instructions for you:We highly recommend working
through the practice example in yellow belowbefore tackling
this deliverable.1. State the practical problem.2. State the null
and alternate hypotheses.3. Compute the chi-square statistic.4.
Determine the chi-square critical value.5. What conclusions
can you draw?"Hypothesis statement?""Write-up my
conclusion?"Sample Exercise in shaded area (not required, but
helpful)See manufacturing project assignment data in blue
below this exampleSome help for you using an optional practice
example:It is recommended, but not required to complete this
example in the shaded area.You first need to calculate the
expected values. It is best to makea table as Step 1. For
example, males and females watch variousTV stations. Let's
say that we want to find out if gender is dependentor
independent of television station preferences.The practice data
follows:WKBWWBENWGRTotalsMales625425141Females4450
15109Totals10610440250Step 1. Calculate each of the

'expected values.' We will dothe first two for you.a.
Probability of viewer being male is 141 / 250 = 0.564(refer to
the cells in the table above)b. Probability of viewer preferring
WKBW is 106 / 250 = 0.424c. Probability of viewer preferring
WKBW AND being maleis 0.564 x 0.424 = 0.239136d.
Expected number of viewers in this cell is 0.239136 x 250 =
59.784etc…a. Probability of viewer being female is 109 / 250 =
0.436b. Probability of viewer preferring WKBW is 106 / 250 =
0.424c. Probability of viewer preferring WKBW AND
beingfemale is 0.436 x 0.424 = 0.184864d. Expected number of
viewers in this cell is 0.184864 x 250 = 46.216etc…Repeat this
for all six cells. To check your work, the totals(across and
down) should add up very close to the (across andand down)
Totals of the observed values. Here is how yourchart should
appear when finished: The 'expected values'are in
[brackets.]WKBWWBENWGRTotalsMales62 [59.784]54
[58.656]25 [22.560]141Females44 [46.216]50 [45.344]15
[17.440]109Totals10610440250Step 2. Compare the
OBSERVED [EXPECTED]Example: For the first cell
(Males/WKBW), the formula is:Observed minus [Expected]
Squared divided by [Expected] as follows:(62-59.784)2 divided
by 59.784 = 0.082140For the 2nd value…(54-58.656)2 divided
by 58.656 = 0.369584For the 3rd value…(25-22.560)2 divided
by 22.560 = 0.263901For the 4th value…(44-46.216)2 divided
by 17.440 = 0.341376Step 3. Add those chi-square values and
you should get 1.64134 (rounded to 1.64)This is your calculated
chi-square test statistic.Step 4. Determine the significance
level. (e.g., .05 or .01 or .1)This is up to the discretion of the
team and the team's choice is basedupon what level of risk they
are willing to live with.Step 5. Determine the Degrees of
Freedom (df) for the rows andthe columns. You will need this
to find the critical value inthe table in the textbook.df=(number
of rows minus 1) multiplied bythe (number of columns minus 1)
So, in this particularcase it would be (2-1 multiplied by 3-1) =

2Step 6. Go to the chi-square table in the Online textbook and
determinethe critical value. Let's assume a 95% confidence
level, and we know we have2 df (from above), using the table
we find the respective critical value of 5.99.We now can
compare the calculated test statistic (1.64) to the criticalvalue
(5.99). If the test statistic is greater than the critical value, you
can conclude'reject' the null. If not, then you conclude 'fail to
reject' the null hypothesis.Data:Data for this deliverable:Excel
2003Site 1Site 2Site 3Defect Type A887Excel 2007Defect Type
B9108How to submit an AssignmentTarget Assignment Date -
Submit in Week 9 or earlierDeliverable:Chi SquareStudent last
name:Your LAST name hereSite 1 / Type A
expected::::::CheckSite 2 / Type A expected:::Site 3 / Type A
expected:::Site 1 / Type B expected::::::Site 2 / Type B
expected:::Site 3 / Type B expected:::Chi Square
statistic:::CheckOne tail or two?:::Critical value:::CheckReject
the null? (Y or N):::Please write the hypothesis conclusion is
statistical language:::Type in your conclusion statement here.
(Be sure to carefully review the 'helpful hints' provided above
under 'Instructions')To send each assignment to your

Instructor:
You should get a value between zero (0) and 0.10
Instructor:
Hint: Are you using the correct alpha?
Instructor:
A quick refresher on hypothesis statements. I recommend
starting off with thinking about what you are testing.
The null hypothesis is always what we would expect by chance
alone.
In this example, we would expect the 'site' to be independent of
the 'type of defect'. We would expect the sites to be consistent,
with similar types of defects detected.
The alternative hypothesis, in contrast, is attempting to test if
the 'site' is NOT independent of the 'type of defect'.
Now you should be able to write your Null and Alternative
Hypothesis in standard format.
I HIGHLY recommend attending (reviewing) the Chi-Sqr virtual
class session for additional information and helpful hints for the
assignment.
Instructor:
To write up your conclusion, you would have either concluded

that you:
a) failed to reject the NULL at 95% confidence, or
b) that you have rejected the NULL at 95% confidence.
We do not include a statement that we 'accept the null' in
hypothesis testing.
Instructor:
You may solve this chi square assignment with Excel, but you
will be using two different Excel functions, 'Chitest' and
'Chiinv.'
Chitest gives you the p-value when you compare the actual
range with the expected range. If your p-value is less than your
alpha, you may reject the null.
If you want to convert the p-value to your chi square test
statistic, use the 'chiinv' to transform the 'probability' statistic
to your 'chi square test statistic.'
Although you may use Excel in this assignment, you first must
still calculate the 'Expected Values" as described in the Sample
exercise.
Here are the steps.....
1. Now you should have a table with the actual counts, and a
separate table with the expected values.
2) If you have an fx in your top Excel bar, click on the fx and
type in CHITEST, and OK. If you do not have an fx on the
home page, click on INSERT in the top menu and then click on
FUNCTION. Next type in CHITEST.
3) Once you have the pop up screen for CHITEST, highlight the
data for both the ACTUAL RANGE and the EXPECTED

RANGE. Click on OK.
4) The statistical result that you are seeing is the p-value. If
your p-value is < your alpha level, you may reject the null.
5) If you would like to convert your p-value to a chi square test
statistic, click on fx again and select CHIINV. The CHIINV
will convert the p-value to your chi square test statistic. You
will then compare this result with your chi square critical value.
Since this assignment requires that you report the chi square
test statistic, you will be using both the CHITEST function and
the CHIINV if you solve the assignment with Excel.
Instructor:
You may solve this chi square assignment with Excel, but you
will be using two different Excel functions, 'Chitest' and
'Chiinv.'
Chitest' gives you the p-value when you compare the actual
range with the expected range. If your p-value is less than your
alpha, you may reject the null.
If you want to convert the p-value to your chi square test
statistic, use the 'chiinv' to transform the 'probability' statistic
to your 'chi square test statistic.'
Although you may use Excel in this assignment, you first must
still calculate the 'Expected Values" as described in the Sample
exercise.
Here are the steps...

1. Now you should have a table with the actual counts, and a
separate table with the expected values.
2) If you have an fx in your top Excel bar on the HOME tab,
click on the fx and type in CHITEST, and OK. If you do not
have an fx on the home page, click on the FORMULAS tab and
then click on the fx in the Functions Library category.
3) Once you have the pop up screen for CHITEST, highlight the
data for both the ACTUAL RANGE and the EXPECTED
RANGE. Click on OK.
4) The statistical result that you are seeing is the p-value. If
your p-value is < your alpha level, you may reject the null.
5) If you would like to convert your p-value to a chi square test
statistic, click on fx again and select CHIINV. The CHIINV
will convert the p-value to your chi square test statistic. You
will then compare this result with your chi square critical value.
Since this assignment requires that you report the chi square
test statistic, you will be using both the CHITEST function and
the CHIINV if you solve the assignment with Excel.
Instructor:
The expected values should be a value between 5 and 10.
Be sure to report the expected values not the contribution to the
test statistic.
Improve (Scatter Diagram)Objective:In an effort to stabilize the
process, there was some discussionabout "those 3 machines."
These 3 machines have an 'apparent' effecton the material
thickness (measured prior to plating). It is thoughtthat these
machines were affecting the overall material thicknessin

varying degrees. It was suggested to compare the
machines'performance using a one-way ANOVA. You will be
checking for0.05 level of significance as to whether any of the
machinessignificantly affect the means for material
thickness.Instructions for you:Using the data below construct a
one-way ANOVA. To do so, occursin two major steps--the
table step, followed by the ANOVA step.Excel 2003Excel
2007Data:Machine 1Machine 2Machine
30.5460.5730.5730.5260.5920.570.5870.5710.5270.5630.5560.5
72Some help:Key to terms:ANOVAANalysis Of
VArianceCMCorrection for the Meandfdegrees of freedomFF
statistic used to compare with the F-table value (aka 'critical
value')MSMean SquareSSSum of SquaresMake a table…then fill
in the ANOVA using the numbers from the table.Step 1. Make
a table (it is pretty easy)Table to assist in the calculations of
ANOVASumnSum2/nΣX2Machine
10.5460.5260.5870.563HelpHelpHelpHelpMachine
20.5730.5920.5710.556HelpHelpHelpHelpMachine
30.5730.570.5270.572HelpHelpHelpHelpTotalsHelpHelpHelpHe
lpStep 2. Determine total df.HelpStep 3. Determine
dfFACTORHelpStep 4. Calc. CM which is: (∑X)2/n (which
is NOT THE SAME AS ∑X2 listed above)HelpStep 5.
Calculate SSTOTAL: ∑X2TOTAL – CM =HelpStep 6.
Calculate SSFACTOR: SUM2/nTOTAL (from chart above) –
CM =HelpStep 7. Calculate SSERROR: SSTOTAL –
SSFACTOR =HelpStep 8. Calculate MSFACTOR:
SSFACTOR divided by dfFACTOR =HelpStep 9. Calculate
dfERROR: The dfTOTAL…subtract from that the
dfFACTORStep 10. Calculate MSERROR: SSERROR divided
by dfERROR =HelpStep 11. Calculate the F statistic:
MSFACTOR divided by MSERROR =HelpStep 12. The
ANOVA table below should be filled in by now with
theexception of the F CRITICAL value.SSdfMSCalc . FF
Crit.ANOVAFactorErrorTotalStep 13. Look up the F-table
value.HelpStep 14. What is your conclusion?How to submit an

earlierProject:Manufacturing
ProjectDeliverable:ANOVAStudent last name:Your LAST name
hereWhat is the SUM of SQUARES (SS) for FACTOR?SS-
FactorCheckWhat is the SUM of SQUARES (SS) for
ERROR?SS-ErrorWhat is the SUM of SQUARES (SS)
TOTAL?SS-TotalWhat is the Degrees of Freedom (Df) for
FACTOR?DF-FactorWhat is the Degrees of Freedom (Df) for
the ERROR term?DF-ErrorWhat is the Degrees of Freedom (Df)
TOTAL?DF-TotalWhat is the MEAN SQUARED (MS) for
FACTOR?MS-FactorWhat is the MEAN SQUARED (MS) for
the ERROR term?MS-ErrorWhat is the F Calculated value?F-
CalculatedWhat is F Critical value (from the table)?F-
CriticalWrite up your conclusionType in your response here- in
statistic terms:To send each assignment to your
Instructor:
"Of course you want to use Excel--who wouldn't?" But....
You need to know how to calculate ANOVA the hard way

(below) if you plan to sit for the ASQ test. I guarantee you will
be asked at least one question on these calculations. This is
perhaps why our students have such an outstanding pass rate
(90%+).
For Excel 2003, follow this sequence:
-Tools
-Data Analysis
-ANOVA-Single Factor
-OK
-Input range [To get this, drag from the upper left to the lower
right of the data set. In other words, from 'Machine 1
(including the words "Machine 1" diagonally to the bottom
right-hand corner 0.572)
-Check 'Labels in first row'
-Check 'New workbook Ply
-OK
Instructor:
Sum of machine 1 results
Instructor:
sample size for machine 1
Instructor:
Just like it appears: First sum the data from Machine 1. Then
square that result. Next, divide by the n of machine 1. You
should get a number between 1 and 2.
Instructor:
Square each of the machine 1 values--one at a time. Add them
up. You should get a number between 1 and 2.
Instructor:
Sum of machine 2 results.
Instructor:
n of machine 2

Instructor:
First sum the data from Machine 2. Then square that result.
Next, divide by the n (number of samples) for Machine 2.
Instructor:
Do the same as above, but for machine 2.
Instructor:
Sum of machine 3 results
Instructor:
n of machine 3
Instructor:
First sum the data from Machine 3. Then square that result.
Next, divide by the n (number of samples) for Machine 3.
Instructor:
Do the same as above, but for machine 3.
Instructor:
Total of this column. You should get a number between 5 and
10.
Instructor:
15.
Instructor:
5.
Instructor:
5.
Instructor:
How many data do you have in total? n-1
You should get a number between 5 and 15. Plug that number
into the ANOVA table below.
Instructor:
What are the factors? The factors are the machines 1, 2 & 3 in
this case.

n - 1 Plug that number into the ANOVA chart below.
Instructor:
CM: Mean 'Correction for the Mean.'
To get this number, you sum all of your data values and then
square that value. Next, you divide by the total number of data
points.
Instructor:
Refer to the assistance table above. You subtract the CM from
the forth column's total. Plug that number into the ANOVA
table below. You should get a number approximately 0.00xxxx)
Instructor:
Column 3's total minus CM. Plug that number in the ANOVA
table below. You should get a number 0.000xxxx)
Instructor:
Subtract step 6 from step 5. Plug that number into the ANOVA
chart below. You should get a number (0.00xxxx)
Instructor:
Self explanatory. You should get a number (0.000xxxx) Plug
that number into the ANOVA chart below.
Instructor:
Self explanatory. You should get a number (0.000xxxx) Plug
that number into the ANOVA chart below)
Instructor:
Self explanatory. You should get a number between 0 and 1.
Plug that into the ANOVA chart below.
Instructor:
With ANOVA it is always a one-tail, right-hand tail. You
should get a number between 1 and 5.
Instructor:
SS-Factor: ~0.000xxx
SS-Error: ~0.00xxxx
SS-Total: ~0.00xxxx
df-factor: 0 - 5

df-error: 5 - 10
dfTOTAL: 10-15
MS-Factor: ~0.000xxx
MS-Error: ~0.000xxx
Calc-F: 0 - 1
F-Crit: 0 - 5
Instructor:
"Of course you want to use Excel--who wouldn't?" But....
You need to know how to calculate ANOVA the hard way
(below) if you plan to sit for the ASQ test. I guarantee you will
be asked at least one question on these calculations. This is
perhaps why our students have such an outstanding pass rate
(90%+).
For Excel 2007, follow this sequence:
-Click on the DATA tab
-Go to the ANALYSIS category
-Click on Data Analysis
-Select ANOVA-Single Factor
-OK
-Input range [To get this, drag from the upper left to the lower
right of the data set. In other words, from 'Machine 1
(including the words "Machine 1" diagonally to the bottom
right-hand corner 0.572)
-Check 'Labels in first row'
-Check 'New workbook Ply
-OK
Control (XmR Chart)Objective:Although many things have been
learned to this point and we have made progress, we are not
quite there.Earlier in the project the team determined that

thickness was the main problem relating to the high leveldefects
in the leveler plates. The analysis has been completed. Now,
we want to IMPROVE the process.You recommend using a
design of experiments approach to hopefully realize a
breakthrough improvement.The team brainstorms a long list of
possible reasons why the thickness is not capable. From that
list, theteam has reduced it down to five factors they want to
include in an experiment. They suspectinteractions, so they
conclude a full factorial will be required. They refer to the
resolution matrix (in yourworkbook - page 549 (Book 3 of your
white manuals in the Fractional Factorial Designs Lecture) and
they find they canlearn about the effects of those five factors in
32 experiments.The factors for the experiment were Depth,
Temp, Pressure, R.P.M. and Time.Instructions for you:From the
factorial experiment (below) calculate the interactions to
determine confounding.1. Fill in the interaction columns.
(shaded in peach color) You will need to do"I'm lost"this to
answer #1 in the peach-colored area below.2. Is the design
below a resolution III, IV, V or Full Factorial (no resolution)?3.
The design below is a design that an consultant is
recommending. Unfortunately, you learn some bad news.Your
management has set your budget only allowing for 8 runs
because the trials cost $600 a piece.What would you
recommend? Big Hint: One of the factors MAYbe dropped
from the study - for economic reasons. (please provideyour
answer in the peach-colored area below) You do not have to
determine which factor to drop.4. Using the resolution matrix
on page 549 (Book 3 of the white manuals),what resolution
would your recommendation be?5. Based on your new
recommendation, what are you giving up? Explain (briefly in
the peach area)Data:Factor(-
)(+)Depth85150Temp140155Pressure8502500R.P.M.44004800T
ime3045I try to enter + or - and it does not
work.FactorFactorFactorFactorFactorA X BA X CA X DA X EB
X CB X DB X EC X DC X ED X ETrialABCDE1-----2----
+Entering + or - does not work3---+-4---++5--+--6--+-+7--++-

8--+++9-+---10-+--+11-+-+-12-+-++13-++--14-++-+15-+++-16-
++++17+----18+---+19+--+-20+--++21+-+--22+-+-+23+-++-
24+-+++25++---26++--+27++-+-28++-++29+++--30+++-
+31++++-32+++++How to submit an AssignmentTarget
Assignment Date - Submit in Week 12 or earlierYOU DO NOT
NEED TO SUBMIT THE DESIGNED
EXPERIMENTProject:ManufacturingDeliverable:DOE Design
ChoiceStudent last name:Your last name here1. What is the
sign (+ or -) for the AxC interaction for the 4th trial?+ or -
?"I'm lost"2. What is the resolution as shown above? (III, IV,
or V, or Full):::III, IV, V or Full?3. What is your
recommendation?Your recommendation here4. What would the
new resolution be? (III, IV, or V) :::III, IV, or V?5. What
would you be giving up?Please describe what you would be
giving up based upon your recommendation, and identify the
respective confounding structure (refer to the 'finger
rule').Hint:What confounding will you see?YOU DO NOT
NEED TO SUBMIT THE DESIGNED EXPERIMENTTo send
each assignment to your instructor:Click-and-hold the LEFT
mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of thepeach-colored box,
then while holding down on that button, drag tothe LOWER-
RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entirepeach-
colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This
willcopy what has been highlighted.Go to your Villanova
website and follow this sequence:1. Click on the 'email' icon on
your course home page2. Select 'new message'3. Click on your
instructor's email envelope icon4. Type "the respective
assignment name" in the SUBJECT box.5. Click once inside of
the message box6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your
deliverable into this box.Don't be concerned if after you paste
it, the appearance of the text is out ofalignment. It will
straighten out after you hit SEND.7. SEND Check your SENT
ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out.Please
'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course.DO NOT
SAVE THEM FOR THE END.Procrastinators: The deadline for
completing all project deliverablesis 7 days prior to the end of

the course.
Instructor:
Please re-watch Patrick's lecture on Analyzing Full Factorial
Designs.
Instructor:
Whenever you want to enter either
+ or - you will need to hit "ENTER" each
time. If you enter + or - and try to use the arrow
keys, each cell will think you are trying to
create a formula. Try it to see what I mean.
Instructor:
Note: Whenever you want to enter either
+ or - you will need to hit "ENTER" each
time. If you enter + or - and try to use the arrow
keys, each cell will think you are trying to
create a formula. Try it to see what I mean.
Instructor:
Here's a memory jogger. Remember how we multiplied columns
together to find out about the interaction columns? If not,
please re-watch the lecture on Analyzing Full Factorial Designs.
Instructor:
Please refer to the 'finger rule', and be sure to identfiy BOTH
types of confounding structures.
Control (Pp Ppk)Objective:A team member has been saying
since day one that there is a correlation betweentemperature and
the thickness. Should the team have listened? Construct a
scatterdiagram to see if she is correct.Instructions for
you:Construct a scatter diagram to see if she is correct. And, if
she is, we may have founda smoking gun toward a
solution.Data:Data:TempThickness1540.554Scatter diagrams in
Excel 20031530.5531520.552Scatter diagrams in Excel
20071520.5511510.549Correlation Coefficient - Excel
20031510.5491510.548Correlation Coefficient - Excel
20071510.5481510.5481510.5471510.5471510.5471510.547151
0.5471510.5471510.5461500.5461500.5461500.5461500.546150
0.5461500.5451500.5451500.5451490.5451490.5451490.545148

0.5451480.5431480.5431470.5421470.5421460.5411460.541450
.538How to submit an AssignmentTarget Assignment Date -
Submit in Week 13 or earlierYOU DO NOT NEED TO SUBMIT
THE SCATTER
DIAGRAMProject:ManufacturingDeliverable:Scatter
DiagramStudent last name:Your last name hereIs there
correlation?Y or N?Positive or negative correlation?P or N?To
send each assignment to your instructor:Click-and-hold the
LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of thepeach-
colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag tothe
LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the
entirepeach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a
CTRL-C. This willcopy what has been highlighted.Go to your
Villanova website and follow this sequence:1. Click on the
'email' icon on your course home page2. Select 'new message'3.
Click on your instructor's email envelope icon4. Type "the
respective assignment name" in the SUBJECT box.5. Click
once inside of the message box6. Do a CTRL-V. This will
paste your deliverable into this box.Don't be concerned if after
you paste it, the appearance of the text is out ofalignment. It
will straighten out after you hit SEND.7. SEND Check your
SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened
out.Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course.DO
NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE END.Procrastinators: The
deadline for completing all project deliverablesis 7 days prior to
the end of the course.
Instructor:
1) Click on the fx in the top bar and CORREL, or click on
FOMULAS, INSERT function, CORREL.
2) Highlight each column of data as an ARRAY
3) Click Okay.
4) Excel will calculate the correlation coefficient.

The correlation coefficient ranges between zero and one. Zero is
no correlation and '1' is a perfect correlation.
__________________________________________
-1.0 to -0.7 strong negative association.
-0.7 to -0.3 weak negative association.
-0.3 to +0.3 little or no association.
+0.3 to +0.7 weak positive association.
+0.7 to +1.0 strong positive association.
Instructor:
1) Click on the fx in the top bar and CORREL, or click on
INSERT, function, CORREL.
2) Highlight each column of data as an ARRAY
3) Click Okay.
4) Excel will calculate the correlation coefficient.
The correlation coefficient ranges between zero and one. Zero is
no correlation and '1' is a perfect correlation.
__________________________________________
-1.0 to -0.7 strong negative association.
-0.7 to -0.3 weak negative association.

-0.3 to +0.3 little or no association.
+0.3 to +0.7 weak positive association.
+0.7 to +1.0 strong positive association.
Instructor:
1) Highlight both rows of data
2) Click INSERT tab at the top
3) Go to CHART category
4) Click on SCATTER and your scatter diagram appears
Instructor:
1) Click on Chart icon on top task bar, OR Click on the INSERT
menu option at the top menu bar.
2) Click on SCATTER from the Standard Types tab
3) Click Next
4) Highlight both columns of data and finish according to the
directions.

Objective:Lovell Levelers just reported that Specific Motors is
a satisfiedcustomer. The leveler plate quality is no longer an
issue. In fact, theyhave not seen a single defect in six months.
Phyllis Kendall made anothersurprise visit, but this time it was
for a more pleasant reason. Shepresented each member of the
team with a crisp, new $100 billas a show of appreciation. But,
she pointed out that we need tohave a way to ensure that this
problem will not crop up again. The teamis one step ahead of
her and explained that the key process parametersthat effect the
thickness of the leveler plates have been controlled withan on-
going XmR chart and is being monitored with a capability
study.Since thickness was the end-product parameter of interest,
the team wanted todetermine whether there is any assignable-
cause variation. They chose to usean XmR chart.Instructions
for you:We want to make sure you can calculate control limits.
You may construct thecontrol chart by hand, or you may use a
charting function in Excel. There are blank forms in theback
of your notebook .Control Charts in Excel 2003Control Charts
in Excel 20071. What is the upper control limit for the
range?Help2. What is the upper control limit for the
individuals?3. What is the lower control limit for the
individuals?4. What would you do with the process?a. What
would you recommend?b. Is the measurement system
discriminate?"I have no idea about this one"c. Is thickness in
statistical control?Data:Calculating R-bar in Excel
2003Calculating R-bar in Excel 2007Thickness data for XMR
control chart0.5510.5461a. Calculate R-bar0.5470.548Self
check0.5470.5471b. Calculate the0.538upper control
limit0.546for the range0.542"How do I do that?"0.543Self
check0.5450.5472 & 3. Calculate the0.543control limits for
the0.548individuals0.545"How do I do that?"0.554Self
check0.5490.5460.5450.5530.5490.5410.5420.5450.5460.5520.5
460.5460.5450.5470.5480.5470.5450.540.545How to submit an

earlierYOU DO NOT NEED TO SUBMIT THE XmR
CHARTProject:Manufacturing - XmR ChartDeliverable:XmR
ChartStudent last name:Your last name hereREPORT ALL OF
THE RESULTS TO AT LEAST 4 DECIMAL
PLACES!Calculated R-Bar:::Type in R-barCheckUpper control
limit for the range:::Type in UCL-RCheckUpper control limit
for the individuals:::Type in UCL-xCheckLower control limit
for the individuals:::Type in LCL-xCheckIs there adequate
discrimination?Is there adequate discrimination?HelpBased
upon what the control chart is telling you, what would you
do?What would you do based upon what the control chart is
telling you? Type it in here.HelpTo send each assignment to
your instructor:Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the
TOP-LEFT corner of thepeach-colored box, then while holding
down on that button, drag tothe LOWER-RIGHT corner of the
box. This will highlight the entirepeach-colored box. Release
the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This willcopy what has been
Instructor:
This is Step 6 in control charting. Refer to the lectures on
Control Charts.
Instructor:

Instructor:
Instructor:
You should get a value between 0 and 0.0200.
Instructor:
You should get a value between 0 and 0.0100.
Self check:
UCL between 0.3 and 0.6
LCL between 0.3 and 0.6
Instructor:
Please refer to the lecture on how to calculate control limits for
the XmR chart. See Lecture 101.
Self check:
You should have gotten a value between 0.0050 and 0.0200.
Instructor:
Please refer to the lecture on how to calculate control limits for
the XmR chart. Lecture 101.
Self check:
Did you get 0.000176? If you did, you did not use absolute
values. Instead you used values that contained negative and
positive numbers. You should have gotten a moving average
range value of 0.003471 or rounded to 0.0035.
Instructor:
More help on calculating R-bar using Excel 2007
We really intend on you doing this step by hand, but here is an
option in Excel.
The average moving range is the average of all of the ranges of
subgroup size of 2. For more information about a moving
range, you need to revisit the lecture on the XmR chart (Lecture
82).
Calculating your average moving range with Excel is a 2-step
process.

First you need to find the absolute range values for the ranges
of each subgroup (size =2). Why the absolute value? If you
just calculate the difference between any two cells, you would
get both positive and negative numbers. You do not want
negative numbers. Absolute values are numbers that are only in
the 'positive' form.
We will do the first one for you. To find the absolute range
value for the first value (0.551) and the second value (0.546)
do the following steps in Excel.
1) Click the empty cell next to, and to the right of the second
value (0.546)
2) Click the FORMULAS tab at the top bar
3) Under the FUNCTION LIBRARY category, click MATH &
TRIG
4) Scroll down to 'ABS' (absolute value)
5) OK
6) Click on the first cell (0.551)
7) Type in a minus from the keyboard, and click on the second
cell (0.546)
8) Enter. You should get 0.005.
9) Now....grab the bottom right-handed corner of the cell you
are working with, and drag it all the way down to the bottom of
the list of numbers. This will repeat the formula for you all the
way down the line. You should have all of the range values
starting at 0.546 and ending with the last value of 0.545.
10) For the second step in this process, you will be taking an
average of all of your range values to get the average moving
range. To do that:
11) Click on any empty cell
12) Insert
13) Function
14) Scroll down to 'AVERAGE'
15) OK

16) Drag down the column of values that you just created in the
previous step.
17) OK. You have just calculated the average moving range
which you will use in calculating the control limits for the XmR
chart.
Instructor:
More help on calculating R-bar using Excel 2003
We really intend on you doing this step by hand, but here is an
option in Excel 2003 & earlier.
The average moving range is the average of all of the ranges of
subgroup size of 2. For more information about a moving
range, you need to revisit the lecture on the XmR chart (Lecture
82).
Calculating your average moving range with Excel is a 2-step
process.
First you need to find the absolute range values for the ranges
of each subgroup (size =2). Why the absolute value? If you
just calculate the difference between any two cells, you would
get both positive and negative numbers. You do not want
negative numbers. Absolute values are numbers that are only in
the 'positive' form.
We will do the first one for you. To find the absolute range
value for the first value (0.551) and the second value (0.546)
do the following steps in Excel.

1) Click the empty cell next to, and to the right of the second
value (0.546)
2) INSERT
3) FUNCTION
4) Scroll down to 'ABS' (absolute value)
5) OK
6) Click on the first cell (0.551)
7) Type in a minus from the keyboard, and click on the second
cell (0.546)
8) OK. You should get 0.005.
9) Now....grab the bottom right-handed corner of the cell you
are working with, and drag it all the way down to the bottom of
the list of numbers. This will repeat the formula for you all the
way down the line. You should have all of the range values
starting at 0.546 and ending with the last value of 0.545.
10) For the second step in this process, you will be taking an
average of all of your range values to get the average moving
range. To do that:
11) Click on any empty cell
12) Insert
13) Function
14) Scroll down to 'AVERAGE'
15) OK
16) Drag down the column of values that you just created in the
previous step.
17) OK. You have just calculated the average moving range
which you will use in calculating the control limits for the XmR
chart.
Instructor:
Whether or not a measurement system is discriminate is covered
in the lecture in two places. It is covered in the control chart
section and it is also covered in the 'Measurement System

Evaluation" lecture.
First, look at your data. What unit of measurement is being
used? You are measuring in units of 0.001.
For example, if the UCL of your range chart is 0.011x and you
are measuring fine enough to distinguish .001 intervals in the
data, then your measurement system is discriminate.
It would be possible to have 12 (11+1 for zero) 'possible' points
under the UCL of the range chart.
Instructor:
The formulas for the control limits of the XmR chart are found
on pages 681 - 685 of Book 4 of 4 of your white manuals.
Do you understand why we are using a XmR chart in this
assignment versus an X-barR chart?
ANSWER - We only have individual data points. We do not
have rational subgroups.
Instructor:
Steps for drafting a control chart in Excel 2007
1. Highlight the data.
2. Click on INSERT tab at top of bar.
3. Find the CHARTS category
4. Click on LINE
5. Add control limits and the mean and average moving range
with the drawing tools. (INSERT - SHAPES)
Instructor:

1. Click on chart icon in top menu, OR click on INSERT in
menu bar and select CHART.
2. Select LINE chart.
3. Follow menu-driven steps and highlight the data.
4. When the line chart is complete, add the mean, the average
moving range, and your control limits with the drawing tools.
TOOLBARS - Drawing
Instructor:
We want to see at least 6 'possible' points under the UCL of the
range chart.
Look at your raw data. What is the smallest unit of
measurement?
(ie. Compare data points: 0.547, 0.548 or 0.001 intervals)
You are measuring at 0.001 intervals. We may not have data
points at each interval, but we are measuring fine enough to
detect variation at each 0.001 (it is possible!).
Based on the UCL of the range chart, would you have more than
6 possible points under the UCL of the range chart?
Adequate discrimination just means that we are measuring fine
enough to detect variation if it exists.
** Also refer to the helpful hint provided in the Instructions for
4b above!
Objective:So far--so good. The process has been in control for

the past four months.Phyllis isn't as well versed in Six Sigma as
the team is, and it is her natureto question everything. She asks
for a capability study to be performedon these parameters and
asks for a calculation for each of the sevenkey process
(upstream) parameters that affect thickness and wants tosee this
for the past 35 days of production.You are on the spot, but
confident. You pull up the past 35 day's worthof data and you
calculate Pp and Ppk for each. Is Phyllis going to be happyor is
she going to be more skeptical? That is the 'question of the
day.'Crunch the numbers--and you will find out. By the way--
finish this deliverableand you are finished with the project.
Congratulations!!!!Instructions for you:"Is it possible for me to
do a self-check?"Instructions for you:1. Construct histograms
for each of the parameters. Note: Thefirst parameter 'thickness'
is the product parameter.The remaining parameters are process
parameters that are thought to affect thickness.2. Are the
processes random (normally distributed)?3. Calculate Pp and
Ppk for each. Note: The upper and lower specificationsare
listed at the bottom of each column. You will need these to do
the calculations.4. Are the processes acceptable?"I'm lost""Can
I do this with the Data Analysis Toolpak in Excel 2003?""Can I
do this with the Data Analysis Toolpak in Excel
2007?"Data:Data:ThicknessTimeTempPress0.125 dim.0.23
dim.R.P.M.HB0.54811514513000.1210.22944004000.55011514
614000.1220.23044004020.55211514615000.1220.23044004040
.55411514715000.1230.23144004040.55211514815000.1230.23
144504060.54711514815000.1240.23144504060.547115148150
00.1240.23144504060.55211514914000.1240.23144504080.549
11514918000.1250.23144504080.54811514916000.1250.231445
04080.54911515016000.1250.23144504100.54911515016000.12
50.23144504100.55011515016000.1250.23044504100.55111515
016000.1280.23045004100.54911515016000.1280.23445004100
.55011515016000.1250.23345004110.55111515016000.1290.23
545504100.55011515016000.1260.22946004100.550115151160
00.1260.23446504090.55311515118000.1260.23246504090.548
11515118000.1260.23246504100.55211515114000.1260.232470

04120.55111515114000.1260.23247004120.55011515317000.12
60.23247004120.54911514917000.1270.23247004120.55111515
217000.1270.23247004120.55111514817000.1270.23247004120
.55011514717000.1270.23247004120.55111515017000.1270.23
347004120.55011515117000.1270.23347004140.549115151180
00.1270.23347004140.55011515118000.1280.23347504140.551
11515219000.1280.23447504140.54911515219000.1290.234475
04160.55011515419000.1300.2354800418ThicknessTimeTempP
ress0.125 dim.0.23 dim.R.P.M.HBUpper
Specs0.560014016026000.13500.24008000500Lower
Specs0.54001001409000.11500.22002000300How to submit an
earlierYOU DO NOT NEED TO SEND THE ACTUAL
HISTOGRAMSProject:ManufacturingDeliverable:Pp
PpkStudent last name:Your LAST name
hereThicknessPpCheckPpkNormal?Y or
N?Normal?Acceptable?Y or
N?Acceptable?TimePpCheckPpkNormal?Y or N?Acceptable?Y
or N?TempPpCheckPpkNormal?Y or N?Acceptable?Y or
N?PressurePpCheckPpkNormal?Y or N?Acceptable?Y or
N?0.125 dimPpCheckPpkNormal?Y or N?Acceptable?Y or
N?0.230 dimPpCheckPpkNormal?Y or N?Acceptable?Y or
N?R.P.M.PpCheckPpkNormal?Y or N?Acceptable?Y or N?HB
tempPpCheckPpkNormal?Y or N?Acceptable?Y or N?To send
each assignment to your instructor:Click-and-hold the LEFT
mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of thepeach-colored box,
then while holding down on that button, drag tothe LOWER-
RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entirepeach-
colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This
willcopy what has been highlighted.Go to your Villanova
website and follow this sequence:1. Click on the 'email' icon on
your course home page2. Select 'new message'3. Click on your
instructor's email envelope icon4. Type "the respective
assignment name" in the SUBJECT box.5. Click once inside of
the message box6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your
deliverable into this box.Don't be concerned if after you paste

it, the appearance of the text is out ofalignment. It will
straighten out after you hit SEND.7. SEND Check your SENT
ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out.
Instructor:
At the sides of the rows are self-checks for each Pp and Ppk. I
don't give you the answer, but at least you will be able to see if
you are in the ballpark.
Instructor:
You can do part of this with Excel 2003l, but you will have to
do some of it by hand. You need 4 values to calculate Pp and
Ppk.
If you have a 2-sided tolerance like a nominal-is-best quality
target, you need to know:
Mean
s or standard deviation
Upper Spec.
Lower Spec.
To get the MEAN and 'S',
Follow this sequence:
-Tools
-Data Analysis
-Descriptive Statistics
-Drag down the values
-Check the 'Summary Statistics; box.
-OK
Note: The spec. limits can be found at the bottom of each
column.
Instructor:

The data are in columns below. At the bottom of each column
has the spec. limits (upper and lower). You need 4 values to
calculate Pp and Ppk. You need to know:
Mean
s (standard deviation)
Upper Spec. limit
Lower Spec. limit
You will have to calculate the MEAN and standard deviation for
each. Once you have done that, the only caution is to ensure
you are using the correct formula for Ppk.
** Always select the smallest Ppk value from the 2 Ppk
formulas because the smaller number represents the closest
point of trouble for your process.
Instructor:
Pp: Some value between 1 and 5.
Ppk: Some value between 1 and 5.
** Always select the smallest Ppk value from the 2 Ppk
formulas because the smaller number represents the closest
point of trouble for your process.
Instructor:
What question should you ask if you see no variation? Hmmm.
Be careful of calculating the Pp/Ppk indices. Hint: the Pp/Ppk
indices ARE NOT zero! The only way the Pp index could be
zero is if the USL = LSL (the numerator would be zero).
Try dividing a number by zero on your calculator, what is the
result?
Instructor:

Instructor:
Instructor:
Instructor:
Instructor:
Instructor:
Instructor:
You can do part of this with Excel 2007, but you will have to do
some of it by hand. You need 4 values to calculate Pp and Ppk,
if you have a 2-sided tolerance like a nominal-is-best quality
target as we do in this example.
You need to know:
Mean
s or standard deviation
Upper Spec.
Lower Spec.
To get the MEAN and 'S',
Follow this sequence:
-Click on the DATA tab at the top bar
-Go to the ANALYSIS category
-Click on Data Analysis
-Click on Descriptive Statistics
-Drag down the values
-Check the 'Summary Statistics' box.

-OK
Note: The spec. limits can be found at the bottom of each
column.
Instructor:
You will need to create a histogram to answer this question.
Instructor:
If the Ppk index is greater than 1.50 the process is considered
'acceptable'.
Example of
a deliverable
WelcomeWelcome!Please read this page (in particular) very
carefully.InstructionsYou need to understand how to send your
assignments (deliverables)to your instructor. The tabs (bottom
of each sheet) in thisdocument contain all of the deliverables
expected of you.If you need help along the way, look for these
special cells that have a red indicatorin the corner. It looks like
the "Read me" box to the right:Read meSimply slide your cursor
over the red-cornered cell and you will get more
information.The format for all of the deliverables is the
same:The 'objective' is in black font. It describes what you are
doing the particular deliverable.The next segment is in green
font. These are your instructions.The blue font is the data
(where applicable) that you will need to complete the
deliverable.SoftwareWe are using Excel software for the
projects. You may use other softwareto complete your projects,
but please 'report' your answers in the Excel formatdescribed

below.You may complete your assignments with any version of
Excel software.All assignments can easily be completed with a
basic copy of Excel.There is also an Add-In feature which is
available for Excel that can be helpful,although it is not
required. The Add-In feature comes free with each Excel
package,although it may not be currently loaded into your copy
of Excel.Following are the simple instruction for loading the
Excel Add-ins for both Excel 2003and Excel 2007. (Slide your
cursor over the red-cornered cells to read)Excel 2003Excel
2007Excel Novice - Please readProject TimelineDeliverables
include:Project charter (target week 3 or sooner)SIPOC (week 4
or sooner)Baseline sigma (week 5 or sooner)Pareto chart (week
6 or sooner)Process analysis (week 7 or sooner)Stem & leaf
(week 9 or sooner)DOE (week 12 or sooner)Scatter diagram
(week 13 or sooner)Control chart (XmR) ( week 14 or sooner)Pp
Ppk (week 15 or sooner)How to submit an AssignmentIn
response to customers like you, we have added a peach-colored
boxfor each deliverable. We have done this to make it clear
(and consistent) theareas of the project that will be reviewed to
your instructor.Project:I.T. ProjectDeliverable:Improve phase -
gen. sol.Student last name:JohnsonWhat is the control chart
telling you?There is a point out of control at subgroup #15. I
would try to figure out why that happened. We would also
recalculate the control limits because there is evidence the
process has changed.What is the average of subgroup 1?22What
is the average of subgroup 2?34What is the average of subgroup
3?23What is the average of subgroup 4?22What is the average
of subgroup 5?25What is the average of subgroup 6?23What is
the average of subgroup 7?29What is the average of subgroup
8?27Read this!To send each assignment to your

Instructor:
These cells contain some hints, tips, and self-checks.
If you would like to print any of the tips, right click the cell
containing the tip and select Edit Comment.
Highlight the text, copy and paste in a any text document like
WORD for printing.
Instructor:

version of Excel.
See the next spreadsheet at the bottom of this worksheet entitled
EXCEL EXAMPLES for an illustration.
Remember that the Data Analysis function is NOT necessary for
the course, but it is helpful.
Excel 2007
The Analysis Toolpak is a Microsoft Office Excel add-in
Options at the bottom.
Add-ins.
3. Click Go.

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