WelcomeWelcome!Please read this page (in particular) very carefull.docx

WelcomeWelcome!Please read this page (in particular) very
carefully.InstructionsYou need to understand how to send your
assignments (deliverables)to your instructor. The tabs (bottom
of each sheet) in thisdocument contain all of the deliverables
expected of you.If you need help along the way, look for these
special cells that have a red indicatorin the corner. It looks like
the "Read me" box to the right:Read meSimply slide your cursor
over the red-cornered cell and you will get more
information.The format for all of the deliverables is the
same:The 'objective' is in black font. It describes what you are
doing the particular deliverable.The next segment is in green
font. These are your instructions.The blue font is the data
(where applicable) that you will need to complete the
deliverable.SoftwareWe are using Excel software for the
projects. You may use other softwareto complete your projects,
but please 'report' your answers in the Excel formatdescribed
below.You may complete your assignments with any version of
Excel software.All assignments can easily be completed with a
basic copy of Excel.There is also an Add-In feature which is
available for Excel that can be helpful,although it is not
required. The Add-In feature comes free with each Excel
package,although it may not be currently loaded into your copy
of Excel.Following are the simple instruction for loading the
Excel Add-ins for both Excel 2003and Excel 2007. (Slide your
cursor over the red-cornered cells to read)Excel 2003Excel
2007Excel Novice - Please readProject TimelineDeliverables
include:Project charter (target week 3 or sooner)SIPOC (week 4
or sooner)Baseline sigma (week 5 or sooner)Pareto chart (week
6 or sooner)Process analysis (week 7 or sooner)Stem & leaf
(week 9 or sooner)DOE (week 12 or sooner)Scatter diagram
(week 13 or sooner)Control chart (XmR) ( week 14 or sooner)Pp
Ppk (week 15 or sooner)How to submit an AssignmentIn
response to customers like you, we have added a peach-colored
boxfor each deliverable. We have done this to make it clear

(and consistent) theareas of the project that will be reviewed to
your instructor.Project:Healthcare ProjectDeliverable:Improve
phase - gen. sol.Student last name:JohnsonWhat is the control
chart telling you?There is a point out of control at subgroup
#15. I would try to figure out why that happened. We would
also recalculate the control limits because there is evidence the
process has changed.What is the average of subgroup 1?22What
is the average of subgroup 2?34What is the average of subgroup
3?23What is the average of subgroup 4?22What is the average
of subgroup 5?25What is the average of subgroup 6?23What is
the average of subgroup 7?29What is the average of subgroup
8?27Read this!To send each assignment to your
instructor:Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-
LEFT corner of thepeach-colored box, then while holding down
on that button, drag tothe LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box.
This will highlight the entirepeach-colored box. Release the
mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This willcopy what has been
highlighted.Go to your Villanova website and follow this
sequence:1. Click on the 'email' icon on your course home
page2. Select 'new message'3. Click on your instructor's email
envelope icon4. Type "the respective assignment name" in the
SUBJECT box.5. Click once inside of the message box6. Do a
CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box.Don't
be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is
out ofalignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND.7.
SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it
straightened out.Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout
the course.DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE
END.Procrastinators: The deadline for completing all project
deliverablesis 7 days prior to the end of the course.
Instructor:
These cells contain some hints, tips, and self-checks.
If you would like to print any of the tips, right click the cell
containing the tip and select Edit Comment.

Highlight the text, copy and paste in a any text document like
WORD for printing.
Instructor:
EXCEL 2003 or earlier
Click on the TOOLS tab in the top bar of Excel. If your
computer already has the “Data
Analysis” option listed, you are ready to go. Your Data
Analysis tools have already been added.
Under the Data Analysis Function you will find some of the
more advanced functions that we will be discussing such as
ANOVAs, and t tests.
If you do not see Data Analysis listed under the TOOLS tab, I
encourage you to go to the Help function in Excel for specific
instructions on how to load “the Data Analysis Toolpak” in your
version of Excel.
Here are the easy standard instructions for Excel 2003 if you
need to load the Add-Ins.
1) On the Tools menu, click Add-Ins.
2) In the Add-Ins available box, select the check box next to
Analysis Toolpak, and then click OK.
3) When you load the Analysis Toolpak, the DATA ANALYSIS
command is automatically added to the TOOLS menu.
If your version if slightly different than the above, refer to your
HELP function for details on loading Tookpak.
See the next spreadsheet at the bottom of this worksheet entitled
EXCEL EXAMPLES for an illustration.

Remember that the Data Analysis function is NOT necessary for
the course, but it is helpful.
Villanova instructor:
Excel 2007
The Analysis Toolpak is a Microsoft Office Excel add-in
program that is available when you install Microsoft Office or
Excel. To use it in Excel, however, you need to load it first.
1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Excel
Options at the bottom.
2. Click Add-Ins, and then in the Manage box, select Excel
Add-ins.
3. Click Go.
4. In the Add-Ins available box, select the Analysis Toolpak
check box, and then click OK.
If you get prompted that the Analysis Toolpak is not currently
installed on your computer, click Yes to install it.
5. After you load the Analysis ToolPak, the Data Analysis
command is available in the ANALYSIS group on the DATA
tab.
See the next spreadsheet EXCEL EXAMPLES for an
illustration.
Remember that the Data Analysis function is not required for
the course.
Instructor:

It is beyond the scope of this Black Belt course to teach
students how to perform all of the functions of Excel.
The Microsoft web site has excellent FREE tutorials for both
Excel 2003 or Excel 2007.
Excel 2007
http://office.microsoft.com/en-
us/training/CR100479681033.aspx
Excel 2003
Or, ask a business colleague, who is proficient in Excel to show
you how to do some of the basic things such as copying,
cutting, pasting, copying from sheet to sheet, etc.
Please do not expect your Black Belt class instructor to teach
you how to use Excel software. That is not the objective of this
course. This course will highlight specific Excel commands
that are unique to Six Sigma, but it is not the objective of this
course to teach basic Excel commands. Please use the
suggested resources listed above.
Excel examplesThis spreadsheet tab provides illustrations of
adding the DATA ANALYSIS capability to your Excel
software.If you see Data Analysis already listed under the Tools
tab, you are set. If you do not see Data Analysisfollow the
instructions in the Green tab.Excel 2003 instructionsExcel 2003
or earlier versions of Excel exampleThis spreadsheet tab
provides illustrations of adding the DATA ANALYSIS
capability to your 2007 Excel software.If you see Data Analysis
already listed under the DATA tab, you are set. If you do not
see Data Analysisfollow the instructions in the Green tab.Excel
2007 instructionsExcel 2007 example
Instructor:

version of Excel.
If you would like to print this tip, right click on the cell and
select EDIT COMMENT. Then just highlight and copy the text,

and paste in a document for printing.
Excel 2007
The Analysis ToolPak is a Microsoft Office Excel add-in
Add-ins.
3. Click Go.
4. In the Add-Ins available box, select the Analysis ToolPak
If you get prompted that the Analysis ToolPak is not currently
tab.
the course.
THE PROJECTHealthcare ProjectA recent report from the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that over
the pastdecade trips to emergency departments (ED) rose 20

percent, while the number of availableemergency centers fell by
15 percent. Another study from the American Hospital
Associationindicated that 62 percent of hospitals feel they are
at, or over operating capacity. That numberjumps to 90 percent
when considering Level 1 Trauma Centers and larger (300+
beds) hospitals.These statistics are frighteningly familiar to
many hospitals and patients. The pressures aremounting, and a
faltering economy has swelled the ranks of uninsured -- people
who oftenrely on the local ED for primary care. Countless
emergency departments are literally on lifesupport as they try to
cope with capacity issues and workforce shortages. Preparing
for orresponding to emerging threats such as bioterrorism and
SARS only increases the strain onthe system. In hospitals
across the U.S., EDs face a similar story of delaysand
dissatisfaction…from both patients and clinicians.Not all the
news is bad, however. Some hospitals are finding new ways to
overcome thechallenges and create safer, more efficient
environments. Through a combination of SixSigma and Lean,
hospitals are targeting critical aspects of patient flow, patient
access,service-cycle time, and admission/discharge processes. A
growing number of hospitalsare taking steps to identify and
remove bottlenecks or inefficiencies in the system.As a result,
they are seeing a positive impact on patients, staff, and the
bottom line.By using the principles you have learned in the Six
Sigma Black Belt course we want todecrease 'door to doctor
time.' We also want you to decrease the patient’s total length
ofstay, and decrease in the number of patients who leave
without being seen -- those who gettired of waiting and took
off. In fact, last year of the 43,800 patients awaiting
treatment,6.3% left without treatment--essentially because they
were dissatisfied with the wait time.(You can assume one
opportunity for a defect.)The nation's emergency care network
must remain strong -- not only to maintain its ability toserve
basic community needs, but also to ensure it will have the
necessary capacity andprocesses in place to respond quickly
during a crisis.The deadline for completing all project

deliverables is 7 days prior to the end of the course
Define (Project Charter)Objective:A problem statement needs to
be developed.There needs to be a business case so that
management will buy-in to having the teamworking on the
project. The scope of the project also needs to be decided upon.
This isimportant to ensure a likely successful completion. If
the scope is too broad, asuccess may not be realized for years,
or may not happen at all.Instructions for you:Create a project
charter based"Create a charter?"upon the information in the
introduction. (see "The project" tab)In reality, you would fill in
a charter with team members' names, stake holders, etc. Weare
not interested in those details for this simulation, but we do
want to see what youcome up with for four (4) items: Problem
statement, business case, goal and project scope.Be sure to
review the week 2 virtual class for more information on Project
Charters before you submit this assignment!How to submit an
AssignmentTARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week
3 or earlierProject:Healthcare ProjectDeliverable:Project
charterStudent last name:Your LAST name hereWhat is the
business case?Type your business case here."Business
Case?"What is the problem statement?Type your problem
statement here."Problem Statement"What is the goal
statement?Type your goal statement here."Goal Statement"What
is the project scope?Type in the scope here.
Please see the Helpful Hints ==>"Project Scope?"Type in the
scope here. Please see the Helpful Hints
==>Read this!To send each assignment to your instructor:Click-
and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of
thepeach-colored box, then while holding down on that button,
drag tothe LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will
highlight the entirepeach-colored box. Release the mouse
button. Do a CTRL-C. This willcopy what has been

Instructor:
Additional information about project charters can be found in
your Online Textbook.
I also HIGHLY recommend reviewing week #2 archived virtual
class session for additional information and helpful hints for the
assignment!
Instructor:
Acting as your real-world sponsor, I would need to be sold on
why we need to do this project. I wouldn't have time to read
long explanations. I would need to know what this project is all
about and how it impacts the strategic objectives of the
organization. I would need a short, to-the-point compelling
reason why we need to do this.
Instructor:
In the problem statement, we 'sell' the need for the project with
specific and measureable data. One or two sentence description
of the symptoms arising from the problem to be addressed. It
will often parallel the Business Case, but will be more specific
and focused.
Answer; What’s wrong? Where is the problem appearing? How
big is the problem? What is the impact of the problem on the
business?
Instructor:
The Goal Statement and Problem Statements are a matched pair.

What is your target improvement for this project, including a
target date?
George Eckes mentions a 50% improvement as a possible target
for Six Sigma projects. Is a 50% improvement enough in this
case?
Instructor:
Outline the project scope in process terms (where does it start
and stop - ie. registration thru physician diagnosis), and identify
any constraints and assumptions. How much of our work time
can be devoted to project per week? Do we have any authority
to spend money? Who (what) are our internal/external
resources?
Also be sure to review week #2 archived virtual class session
for additional information and helpful hints!
What the scope is not:
-It is not merely a timeline (i.e., when the Six Sigma project is
to begin and when it is expected to end.)
-It is not restating the problem being attacked.
Define (SIPOC)Objective:We want to view the process from a
high level in order to see the major process elements.SIPOC -
Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, CustomersInstructions for
you:Create a SIPOC map of the process based upon the
healthcare case study write-up (found at"The project" tab). Feel
free to use your imagination in doing this piece of the
project.Draw upon your own experience from visiting an
Emergency Department to come up withthe 'suppliers', 'inputs',
'process', 'outputs', and 'customers.' Note: Normally theSIPOC
map is constructed horizontally. When mailing this deliverable
to your instructor,it formats better vertically.How to submit an
4 or earlierProject:Healthcare ProjectDeliverable:SIPOCStudent
last name:Your LAST name hereSuppliers:::Type suppliers

hereType suppliers hereType suppliers hereType suppliers
hereType suppliers hereInputs:::::Type inputs hereType inputs
hereType inputs hereType inputs hereType inputs
hereProcess::::: Step 1:::::Step 1Process::::: Step 2:::::Step
2Process::::: Step 3:::::Step 3Process::::: Step 4:::::Step
4Process::::: Step 5:::::Step 5Process::::: Step 6:::::Step 6 (if
necessary)Process::::: Step 7:::::Step 7 (if
necessary)Process::::: Step 8:::::Step 8 (if
necessary)Outputs:::::Type outputs hereType outputs hereType
outputs hereType outputs hereType outputs
hereCustomers:::::Type customers hereType customers
hereType customers hereType customers hereType customers
hereRead this!To send each assignment to your instructor:Click-
and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of
thepeach-colored box, then while holding down on that button,
drag tothe LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will
highlight the entirepeach-colored box. Release the mouse
button. Do a CTRL-C. This willcopy what has been
Measure (Baseline Sigma)Objective:We want you to determine
baseline sigma. (approximate is okay)Note: You will need to
refer to the tab entitled "The Project" for this
deliverable.Instructions for you:Calculate baseline sigma.Sigma
Levels6 sigma3.4 dissatisfied customer experiences per million

(DPMO)5 sigma233 DPMO4 sigma6,210 DPMO3 sigma66,807
DPMO2 sigma308,538 DPMO1 sigma691,462 DPMOBe sure to
review the week 3 virtual class for more information on the
Data Collection Plan before you submit this assignment!How to
submit an AssignmentTARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit
in Week 5 or earlierProject:HealthcareDeliverable:Baseline
SigmaStudent last name:Your last name hereBaseline sigma
(Approximate is okay):::Sigma?Read this!To send each
assignment to your instructor:Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse
button at the TOP-LEFT corner of thepeach-colored box, then
while holding down on that button, drag tothe LOWER-RIGHT
corner of the box. This will highlight the entirepeach-colored
box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This willcopy
what has been highlighted.Go to your Villanova website and
follow this sequence:1. Click on the 'email' icon on your course
home page2. Select 'new message'3. Click on your instructor's
email envelope icon4. Type "the respective assignment name"
in the SUBJECT box.5. Click once inside of the message box6.
Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this
box.Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of
the text is out ofalignment. It will straighten out after you hit
SEND.7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to
see how it straightened out.Please 'hand-in' your assignments
throughout the course.DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE
Instructor:
Using the information provided in the 'The project' tab you can
calculate the DPMO and use the table above.
Also please refer to Week #3 virtual class session for additional
information and examples on how to use the table above.
Analyze (Pareto Chart)Objective:You need to determine the
'biggest contributors to the problem.'One tool to accomplish this
is the Pareto ChartAs stated in the problem, patients are leaving

the emergencydepartment before being seen by a doctor for a
variety of reasons.The American Medical Association released
findings from astudy (blue font far below) that addressed the
following question:Instructions for you:Using the data in blue
below construct a Pareto chart.We realize that you could simply
pick the two or three process components without actually
creatingthe Pareto Chart, but we want you to actually create the
Pareto Chart because in reality managementlikes to see simple
charts where they don't have to analyze the data to see the
picture. That is why thePareto Chart is used in the first
place.SAMPLENotice: The shaded section below has a practice
problem intended to help you with this assignment.If you want
to skip this hypothetical problem, you can.Hypothetical problem
(This is NOT the project data which is why this is separated in a
shaded box)Just to show you how this works, let's say the
responses were as follows:Let's say that data reveals the
following counts for beach-related injuries for the month of
July.Injury categories# of incidentsCuts from broken
glass12This green area is just for practice.Surf boarding
injuries37The project is below in blue.Fishing related
injuries41Jelly fish stings45This is a hypothetical exampleSkim
boarding accidents29You will be doing this using differentHit
with flying toy79data for your project, but this is
merelySprained ankle43showing you how to do it.Jet Ski
accidents34Burns from grills52Misc.22The first thing you
would have to do is sort the data from the largest count of
injuries to the smallest.It would look like this after
sorting.Then, you would create a cumulative percentage column.
Click once on any of thecumulative percentages to see the
formula.Injury categories# of incidentsCumulative %Hit with
flying toy7920%How did you get 20?Burns from
grills5233%How did you get 33?Jelly fish stings4545%Sprained
ankle4356%Fishing related injuries4166%Surf boarding
injuries3775%Jet ski accidents3484%Skim boarding
accidents2991%Misc.2297%Cuts from broken
glass12100%394..Back to the project itself...Data:Reasons for

leaving:Total choosing this responseCumulative %Got tired6Not
necessary4People waiting4Doctor treatment3Staff
treatment2Environment2Elsewhere1Ignored me1Too
expensive1Had to go1Create a pareto chart in Excel 2003Create
a pareto chart in Excel 2007Be sure to review the week 3 virtual
class for more information on the Data Collection Plan before
you submit this assignment!How to submit an
6 or earlierYOU DO NOT NEED TO SEND THE ACTUAL
PARETO CHART.Project:Healthcare ProjectDeliverable:Pareto
ChartStudent last name:Your LAST name hereApplying the
'pareto principle', what specific categories would your team
focus on?Type your response here.Read this!To send each
Instructor:
Step 1. Click in the adjacent blank cell and enter an equal (=)
sign.
Step 2. Click on the cell with the 79.

Step 3. Type in a division sign (/).
Step 4. Click in the cell with the 394.
Step 5. Click enter
Instructor:
Step 1. Click in the adjacent blank cell and enter an equal (=)
sign.
Step 2. Click on the cell with the 20% in it.
Step 3. Type + and a parenthesis sign
Step 4. Click on the cell with the 52.
Step 5. Type in a division sign (/).
Step 6. Click in the cell with the 394.
Step 7. Type a close parenthesis sign
Step 8. Click enter
Instructor:
Instructions for creating a pareto chart in Excel 2003
1. Create a table that looks like the practice problem (above),
but with the
project data (not the practice data). One column is the
counts and the second
column is the cumulative percentages.
2. Highlight both columns of data without the labels
3. Click INSERT on the top tab bar
4. Click Chart
5. Click Custom types (one of the tabs)
6. Choose Line - Column on 2 axes (scroll down to find it)
7. Finish to create the chart
8. 'Right click' on left Y axis
9. Click on Format Axis
10. Click Scale
11. Change max to 25 and min to zero
12. OK
13. 'Right click' on right Y axis
14. Click Scale

15. Change max to 1 and min to zero
16. OK
17. Now you have a pareto chart. The cumulative percentage
line begins at the top of the first column and rises to 100%.
When your pareto follows this standard business format, it will
enhance communication and presentations to management.
If you would like to PRINT these instructions, right click on the
cell and select EDIT COMMENTS. Then just highlight the text,
copy and paste into a document to print.
Instructor: Excel 2007
1. Create a table that looks like the practice problem (above),
but with the
project data (not the practice data). One column is the
counts and the second
column is the cumulative percentages.
2. Highlight both columns of data without the labels
4. Click Chart
5. Right click the columns that represent the percentages
(smaller columns)
6. On the top Format tab, click Format Selection.
7. Under Plot Series On, click Secondary Axis and then click
Close.
8. On the Layout tab, in the Axes group, you may modify the
Secondary Vertical Axis.
9. Right click on the percentage columns, Select Change Series
Chart type to LINE
10. 'Right click' on left Y axis
11. Click on Format Axis
12. Set Axis Options for MAX and MIN to FIXED
13. Change max to the total of all counts from all columns and
a min to zero
14. OK
15. 'Right click' on right Y axis

16. Set Axis Options for MAX and MIN to FIXED
17. Change max to 1.0 (100%) and min to zero
18. OK
19. Now you have a pareto chart. The cumulative percentage
line begins at the top of the first column and rises to 100%.
When your pareto follows this standard business format, it will
enhance communication and presentations to management.
If you would like to PRINT these instructions, just right click
the cell, and choose EDIT COMMENT. Then, highlight the
text, copy and paste into a document to print.
Analyze (Expected Variation)Objective:Your boss wants to
know the limits of expected variation.You can calculate/predict
the limits of expected variationby calculating the mean and
standard deviation.Expected variationInstructions for you:1.
Calculate the average for each.Use Excel 2003 to find mean and
Standard Deviation2. Calculate the standard deviation for
each.Use Excel 2007 to find mean and Standard Deviation3.
From these calculations, determine the range of expected
variation.You can complete this assignment by hand as taught in
the lecture, oryou can use Excel, or you may use a calculator
orother software. We explain the fundamentals of
theHistograms in Excel 2003calculations, so that you learn the
mechanics and the meaningof standard deviation. This
approach gives you anHistograms in Excel 2007understanding
of standard deviation, which then allowsyou to be flexible in the
tools that you use.More on Bin Ranges4. Create a histogram
from this data. Use theappropriate number of cells to represent
the data.Hint: There is a 'rules of thumb' cell choice tablein the
HISTOGRAM (part I) section of your workbook.5. By looking
at the histogram, is the process normallydistributed? Is there
obvious assignable-cause variation?Data:Data for 'Wait Times'
for last
month24271811222717231751728241782126231731182722271
7402218171828Be sure to review the week 4 virtual class for

more information on 'expected variation' before you submit this
assignment!How to submit an AssignmentTARGET
ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week 7 or earlierYOU DO
NOT NEED TO SUBMIT A HISTOGRAM FOR THIS
DELIVERABLEProject:HealthcareDeliverable:Expected
VariationStudent last name:Your last name hereREPORT ALL
OF THE RESULTS TO AT LEAST 3 DECIMAL
PLACES!Mean: ::HelpStandard deviation:::Is the data bell
shaped?HelpWhat is the lowest point of expected
variation?What is the upper point of expected
variation?HelpRead this!To send each assignment to your
Instructor:
You will need to create a histogram to answer this question.
Instructor:
Want to use Excel 2003 to find the mean and standard
deviation?
1. Click Tools in the top bar

2. Click Data Analysis (If you don't see Data Analysis as an
option on the TOOLS menu, go to the 'EXCEL EXAMPLES' tab
at the bottom of this spreadsheet for instructions to load the
Data Analysis Tookpak.)
3. Click Descriptive statistics
4. OK
5. Drag with mouse to capture
the 'wait times' data
6. New Workbook Ply
7. Summary statistics
8. OK (You probably will need to resize your
column widths to fully see the chart) You may also reset
the
number of decimal values that are visible, by clicking
FORMAT -
CELLS - NUMBER and setting the decimal place.
Note: You can also do this on a simple scientific calculator.
If you want to learn how to do it on a calculator, refer to the
bonus lecture MATH PRIMER.
Instructor:
deviation?
1. Click the DATA tab in the top bar
2. In the ANALYSIS category, click on Data Analysis
(If you don't see Data Analysis as an option go to the 'EXCEL
EXAMPLES' tab at the bottom of this spreadsheet for
instructions to load the Data Analysis Tookpak.)
4. OK

6. New Workbook Ply
7. Check Summary statistics
the
number of decimal values that are visible, by going to the
NUMBER category on the HOME page. Click on the drop
down
menu and select MORE NUMBER FORMATS. Select
number and
specify the number of decimal points that you want to view
in
your spreadsheet. Remember Excel stores the entire value
in
the cell. You are just designation how many decimal places
are
displayed in the cell.
Instructor:
Excel 2003 - 2 Options
Option #1 (Quick and Dirty draft of a histogram)
1) Click TOOLS in the Excel toolbar
2) Click Data Analysis
3) Select HISTOGRAMS and then click OK
4) The cursor should be blinking in the "Input Range" box
5) Highlight your data

6) Click "New Worksheet Ply"
6) Skip the bin range option, and all other options
7) Check the "Chart Output" box
8) Click OK, and your histogram will appear.
9) You may drag your mouse over the corner of the histogram
graph to enlarge it.
10) Do NOT delete the MORE category if there are data values
in it.
Option #2 (A more polished copy where you determine the bin
ranges, rather than Excel)
4) Determine the range of the data set, from your smallest to
your largest data value
5) Add one value (in the unit you are measuring) for 'range with
inclusion' (Example: .14 (range) + .01 = .15)
6) Determine the appropriate number of bars for your sample
size (Example: < 50 data points use 5, 6 or 7 bars)
7) Calculate both the beginning and ending point of each cell
and list the beginning and ending points of each bin in separate
cells. For example, if you have a range of .15, you could have
5 cells with .03 data value per cell.
8) Now you have an idiosyncrasy of Excel. Excel will give you
the option of designating the bin ranges.
But, you should give Excel the ENDING value of each bin
rather than the beginning value. Highlight the cells that
include the ending value of each bin under the BIN RANGE
option.
9) Highlight your complete data set under the INPUT RANGE
option
10) Check on CHART OUTPUT and where you want the
histogram chart located. (New worksheet or imbedded)

11) Click OK
chart to enlarge it.
13) When Excel drafts histograms, the bars do not adjoin.
Ideally, we want the bars of a histogram to adjoin because we
are graphing continuous data. To make the bars adjoin, right
click on top of bars and choose FORMAT DATA SERIES. In
Excel 2003, you will have to select OPTIONS. Then set the
GAP to Zero.
14) To change the color scheme of the histogram, right click
somewhere outside of the bars in the graph and choose
FORMAT PLOT AREA. You can choose many color formats.
15) When you plan the cell intervals, there are no data points in
the MORE category, so you may delete it, because the MORE
category is often confusing to people. DO NOT delete the
MORE category if it has data points in it.
16) Only go through these more detailed steps if you are
interested in a polished Histogram. Otherwise run a quick draft
of the histogram with Option #1.
Instructor:
1) Click DATA tab
2) Go to ANALYSIS category on the DATA tab
3) Click on DATA ANALYSIS (If you do not see DATA
ANALYSIS, refer to the EXCEL EXAMPLES tab at the bottom
of this spreadsheet for instructions in loading the DATA
ANALYSIS features.)

7) Click in "New Worksheet Ply"
8) Skip the bin range option, and other options
10) Click OK
11) You may drag your mouse over the corner of the graph to
enlarge it.
Option #2 (A More polished copy where you determine the bin
ranges)
1) Click DATA tab
ANALYSIS features.)
option.

option
12) Click OK
Excel 2007, you go directly to setting GAP WIDTH to zero.
Instructor:
What is expected variation?
We know that 68% of data from a normal process is expected to
fall + or - 1 sigma from the mean.

We know that 99.7% of data from a normal process is expected
to fall + or - 3 sigma from the mean.
So, the expected variation that we would likely see in the data
will fall + or - 3 sigma.
Instructor:
If you want your histogram to have the appropriate number of
bin ranges (also known as cell intervals), you will need to enter
some bin ranges in the dialogue box in DATA ANALYSIS for
making Histograms.
Let's say that the largest value you have is 10.77. The smallest
is 10.63. So, the range is 0.14. Add +1 for 'inclusion' (as
mentioned in the lecture on cell intervals) = 0.15.
The recommended number of cell choices for n = 35 is 5 to 7. I
pick 5 to make the math easier. That means I will have 5 cells
with 0.03 in each.
So, for the first data set the cell intervals are:
10.63-10.6,
10.66-10.68
10.69-10.71
10.72-10.74
10.75-10.77
Enter the 'maximum' value (or ending value) from each cell
interval into a separate place in this worksheet - location is not
important. (i.e., 10.65, 10.68, 10.71, 10.74, 10.77).
Then you will be able to drag the cursor across them to satisfy
the bin range box in DATA ANALYSIS.
Confused? Re-watch the lecture on histograms and cell
intervals.

If you would like to print these instructions, just highlight and
copy, then paste into a document for printing.
Instructor:
What is expected variation?
We know that 99.7% of data from a normal process is expected
to fall + or - 3 sigma from the mean.
So, the expected variation that we would likely see in any
normally distributed data will fall + or - 3 sigma. The Expected
Variation limits are established by setting boundaries 3 standard
deviations each side of the mean.
Any value above +3 standard deviations or below - 3 standard
deviation is considered to be "assignable-cause" variation and
needs to be dealt with according.
Be sure to report the result to at least 3 decimal places, DO
NOT ROUND TO WHOLE NUMBERS!
Analyze (Stem & Leaf)Objective:The team wants to know if
there is an obvious reasonfor wait times being longer than what
is acceptable.One of the team members suggested using a stem-
and-leafdiagram to get a visualization of the variation in wait
times.Wait times were recorded for the past 70 days.By looking
at the numbers below, can you tell if there isassignable-cause

variation? Unless you havea graphing function in your head, it
is difficult to tell. So,that is the question. "Is there assignable-
causevariation that can be realized from the 70 data values
listed?"Your job is to answer that question. You could usea
histogram (among other tools) to answer that question, butyour
sponsor wants to keep the actual raw datawhen reviewing the
tool of choice. So, you will be usinga stem-and-leaf diagram so
that the raw data can bepreserved. Construct a stem-and-leaf
fromthe data. Is the process normally distributed? If not,
whatis the stem-and-leaf telling you?Instructions for you:1.
Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram2. Answer the question: "Is
there process normally distributed?"3. What is the stem-and-
leaf diagram telling you?4. What would you
recommend?Data:I'm lostWait times (last 10
weeks)16211116161764847201618472644224947206417753817
48104820501637151765451847713544471720155051484721823
213491749145250465148471948638046954858How to submit
an AssignmentTARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in
Week 9 or earlierHelpful tip - Sorting - Excel 2003Helpful tip -
Sorting - Excel 2007Project:Healthcare ProjectDeliverable:Stem
& LeafStudent last name:Your last name
here9:::8:::7:::6:::5:::4:::3:::2:::1:::0:::Is it normally
distributed?Yes or NoWhat would you recommend?Type here
for what you would recommend"What's the purpose of the red
line?"Read this!To send each assignment to your

Instructor:
You need to make a stem-and-leaf diagram. What is that? If
you do not know, you need to re-watch the lecture on Stem-and-
Leaf diagrams. You will be using the peach-colored boxed area
to make the diagram. The 'stem line' is the bold red line. You
will building it from left to right.
Instructor:
The red line is the stem. The leaves…you need to make.
Instructor:
To use the sorting function in Excel 2007
1) Click on the Data tab at the top
2) Click on the Sort category
3) Follow menu steps
Instructor:
Excel 2003
Highlight the "leaves" numbers in any one row.
-Click Data
-Sort
-Continue with current selection
-Sort
-Options
-Sort left to right
-Ok

This will put your numbers in rank order.
Improve (DOE)Objective:You recommend using a design of
experiments approachto hopefully realize a breakthrough
improvement.The team brainstorms a long list of possible
reasons whythe wait times are so long. From that list, theteam
has reduced it down to 5 factors they want to includein an
experiment. They do not suspect anyinteractions, so they
conclude a resolution III will be adequate.They refer to the
resolution matrix (in Analyzing Fractional FactorialDesigns
Lecture - Part 2 in your notebook) and they find they can
learnabout the effects of those five factors in as little as 8
experiments.Instructions for you:Construct an main effects plot
for all five of the factors. We will do the first one for you asan
example:Take an average of the wait time minutes (y) when
"staff size" was at (-). Then, do the same thingfor when the
results (y) when "staff size" was at (1).When at (-1)When at
(+1)792825268628Average16.7517.50Data:The factors for the
experiment were:- level+ levelAStaff size816BOrder of
treatmentFIFOBy priorityCMethod of treatmentIterativeAll at
onceDTracking softwareProduct AProduct BETemp. in the
waiting room68 degrees75 degreesThe design below was taken
from Minitab. There are other software packages that provide
thesame information. There can also be found in Design of
Experiments textbooks.TrialStaff szOrderMethodSoftwareRm
tempResults (Y) (patient wait time measured in minutes)111-1-
1-192-1-1-1117Excel 2003 Tip31111-1254-1-111-128Excel
2007 Tip5-111-112661-1-111871-11-1-1288-11-1-116How to
submit an AssignmentTARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit
in Week 12 or earlierYOU DO NOT NEED TO SEND IN THE
MAIN EFFECTS PLOTSProject:Healthcare
ProjectDeliverable:DOEStudent last name:Your last name
hereREPORT ALL OF THE RESULTS TO AT LEAST 2
DECIMAL PLACES!Staff size - :::::Actual value
hereCheckStaff size + :::::Actual value hereCheckTreatment
order -Actual value hereCheckTreatment order + :::::Actual
value hereCheckMethod -Actual value hereCheckMethod +

:::::Actual value hereCheckSoftware -Actual value
hereCheckSoftware + :::::Actual value hereCheckRoom temp -
Actual value hereCheckRoom temp + :::::Actual value
hereCheckWhat would you do next?Type in what you would do
based on the results of the DOE? What are the
optimum level settings for each factor?Read this!To send each
Instructor:
Staff size (-) should be 10 - 20 minutes.
Instructor:
Staff size (+) should be 10 - 20 minutes.
Instructor:
Treatment order (-) should be 0 - 30 minutes.
Instructor:
Treatment order (+) should be 0 - 30 minutes.
Instructor:
Method (-) should be 0 and 10 minutes.
Instructor:
Method (+) should be 20 - 30 minutes.

Instructor:
Software (-) should be 0 and 20 minutes.
Instructor:
Software (+) should be 0 and 30 minutes.
Instructor:
Room temperature (-) should be 20 - 30 minutes.
Instructor:
Room temperature (+) should be 0 and 20 minutes.
Instructor:
Leave a blank cell between the factors in your Excel 2003
spreadsheet.
2. Click Chart
3. Select the LINE graph with "line with markers displayed at
each data value"
Example of your spreadsheet layout with blank cell between
factors:
Staff Size - 16.75
Staff Size + 17.50
SKIP CELL
Order -
Order +
SKIP CELL
Instructor: Excel 2007
1. Highlight your data sets and labels leaving a blank cell
between the factors as illustrated below.
3. In the Chart category, Select the LINE graph with "line with
markers displayed at each data value"
Example of your spreadsheet layout with blank cell between

factors:
Staff size - 16.75
Staff size + 17.50
SKIP CELL
Order -
Order +
SKIP CELL
Improve (Scatter Diagram)Objective:The team is certain there is
a correlation between the volume of patients, and patients
whoLeave Without Treatment (LWT). If there really IS
correlation with the set of data,the attention will be directed to
determine how to improve the processconsidering the cause-
effect relationship between the x's and y's. Ifthere is no
correlation evident in the set of data, the team will have to
goback to the drawing board.'Instructions for you:With the data
provided, construct a scatter diagram to see if they are
right.Data:Number in for treatment per specific dayLeave
without treatment incidents17241326Scatter Diagrams in Excel
200313022064Scatter Diagrams in Excel
20071996223420181697Correlation Coefficient - Excel
200313552003Correlation Coefficient - Excel
200718971108203618952248197418881252199619482077How
to submit an AssignmentTARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE -
Submit in Week 13 or earlierYOU DO NOT NEED TO SUBMIT
THE ACTUAL SCATTER DIAGRAMProject:Healthcare
ProjectDeliverable:Scatter DiagramStudent last name:Your last
name hereIs there a strong correlation?Y or N?Positive or
negative?P or N?Read this!To send each assignment to your

Select 'new message'3. Click on your instructor's email
Instructor:
1) Click on Chart icon on top task bar, OR Click on the INSERT
menu option at the top menu bar.
2) Click on SCATTER from the Standard Types tab
3) Click Next
4) Highlight both columns of data and finish according to the
directions.
Instructor:
1) Highlight both rows of data
2) Click INSERT tab at the top
3) Go to CHART category
4) Click on SCATTER and your scatter diagram appears

Instructor:
1) Click on the fx in the top bar and CORREL, or click on
INSERT, function, CORREL.
2) Highlight each column of data as an ARRAY
3) Click Okay.
4) Excel will calculate the correlation coefficient.
The correlation coefficient ranges between zero and one. Zero is
no correlation and '1' is a perfect correlation.
__________________________________________
-1.0 to -0.7 strong negative association.
-0.7 to -0.3 weak negative association.
-0.3 to +0.3 little or no association.
+0.3 to +0.7 weak positive association.
+0.7 to +1.0 strong positive association.
Instructor:
1) Click on the fx in the top bar and CORREL, or click on
FOMULAS, INSERT function, CORREL.

2) Highlight each column of data as an ARRAY
3) Click Okay.
4) Excel will calculate the correlation coefficient.
The correlation coefficient ranges between zero and one. Zero is
no correlation and '1' is a perfect correlation.
__________________________________________
-1.0 to -0.7 strong negative association.
-0.7 to -0.3 weak negative association.
-0.3 to +0.3 little or no association.
+0.3 to +0.7 weak positive association.
+0.7 to +1.0 strong positive association.
Control (XmR Chart)Objective:Earlier, you have made some
progress as a result of the stem-and-leaf diagram. Howdid the
team make the improvement? They saw that the diagram
showed a bi-modalcondition so the team identified the source of
this condition; eliminated one of the sourcesand optimized
accordingly.The two sources were found to be: 1) Some of the
patientswere first-time visitors and 2) Some of the patients were
return visitors. The teamchanged the process so that first-time
visitors were processed ahead of time,thus reducing their time
waiting in the waiting room. This dramatically decreased the
overall averagewait time. But, the team learned more through
the use of designedexperiments. There were other

improvements made through the use of other Six Sigmatools and
techniques (aside from your project deliverables) and now the
wait times areacceptable. Now, you want to ensure that they are
staying that way and you wantto practice "prevention" versus
"detection." Part of your CONTROL strategy is to employthe
use of an on-going capability study to ensure 'the plates are still
spinning'--so-to-speak.And, the next deliverable will do that,
but prior to performing a capability study, onemust make sure
the process is in statistical control. This is good, because the
teamdecided to use a control chart as part of the CONTROL
phase anyhow, so this willwork out fine. In fact, let's do one
now…just to make sure we are in statistical control.Instructions
for you:Answer the questions and type those responsesin the
peach-colored box below.Data:Wait time (minutes) in order of
occurrence110217Control Chart in Excel 2003329439Control
Chart Excel 2007555664Help72886"Don't I need special
software?"95103113912461335143015616321733181119202013
21922142312243025562662277328542910309Be sure to review
the week 13 virtual class for more information on SPC and
measurement discrimination before you submit this
NOT HAVE TO SUBMIT THE CONTROL CHART. JUST
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.Project:Healthcare
ProjectDeliverable:XmR ChartStudent last name:Your last name
hereREPORT ALL OF THE RESULTS TO AT LEAST 2
DECIMAL PLACES!Upper control limit for the range:::Enter
Range UCL hereHelpCheckUpper control limit for the
individuals:::Enter the UCL-X hereHelpCheckLower control
limit for the individuals:::Enter LCL-X hereCheckWhich 3 out-
of-control rules were violated?1) Enter the three rules
hereHelp(Refer to the Online Textbook)2)3)Is the measurement
system discriminate?Is the measurement system
discriminate?HelpWhat is causing the point to beWhich tool(s)
would you recommend to identify the root cause?Helpout of
control?Read this!To send each assignment to your

Instructor:
You don't need software to create a control chart. In the back
of your notebook are control chart blanks. It is good to learn
control charts by going through the steps of building it. It is
like learning math…you didn't learn to add and subtract by
using a calculator.
Instructor:
It is best to start off with calculating the control limit for the
range. This is because you need the average moving range
number for your calculations. Remember, there will not be a
lower control limit for the range with a small subgroup size.
(only an upper control limit). Still lost? Re-watch the lecture
on XmR charts.
Instructor:
UCL for the range should
be between 40 and 50.
Instructor:
Remember the six steps to control charts?

1. Gather data in the order of production. We have given you
the data for that.
2. Calculate subgroup averages and ranges.
3. Calculate control limits.
4. Plot the control limits.
5. Plot the points.
6. Act upon what the control chart is telling you.
You don't remember that? Re-watch the lectures on control
charting.
The formulas for the control limits of the XmR chart are found
on pages 681-683 of Book 4 of 4 of your white manuals.
Instructor:
UCL for the individuals should be between 60 and 70.
Instructor:
Is it possible to have a negative wait time?
LCL for the individuals should be 0. The value you got was
probably -8.3, but you cannot have a negative wait time, so you
just go with zero as your lower control limit.
I HIGHLY recommend attending (reviewing) the Control Chart
virtual class session for additional information and helpful hints
for the assignment!
Instructor:
Whether or not a measurement system is discriminate is covered
in the lecture in two places. It is covered in the control chart
section and it is also covered in the 'Measurement System
Evaluation" lecture.
We want to see at least 6 possible (keyword) points under the
UCL of the range chart.
Look at your raw data. What are the closest measurement
intervals?

(ie. data points 5, 6 or 1 minute intervals)
You are measuring at 1 minute intervals. We may not have data
points at each minute interval, but we are measuring fine
enough to detect variation at each interval (it is possible!).
For example, if the UCL of your range chart is 44.xx and you
are measuring fine enough to distinguish minute intervals in the
data, then your measurement system is discriminate.
It would be possible to have 45 (44+1 for zero) 'possible' points
under the UCL of the range chart.
Based on the UCL of the range chart, would you have more than
6 possible points under the UCL of the range chart?
Adequate discrimination just means that we are measuring fine
enough to detect variation if it exists.
Instructor:
1. Click on chart icon in top menu, OR click on INSERT in
menu bar and select CHART.
2. Select LINE chart.
3. Follow menu-driven steps and highlight the data.
4. When the line chart is complete, add the mean, the average
moving range, and your control limits with the drawing tools.
TOOLBARS - Drawing
Instructor:
Steps for drafting a control chart in Excel 2007

1. Highlight the data.
2. Click on INSERT tab at top of bar.
3. Find the CHARTS category
4. Click on LINE
5. Add control limits and the mean and average moving range
with the drawing tools. (INSERT - SHAPES)
Instructor:
The formulas for the control limits of the XmR chart are found
on pages 681-685 of Book 4 of 4 of your white manuals.
Do you understand why we are using a XmR chart in this
assignment versus an X-barR chart?
ANSWER - We only have individual data points. We do not
have rational subgroups. We need rationale subgroups to use
the X-barR chart.
Instructor:
Specifically which THREE out-of-control rules have been
violated? Please refer to the lecture AND the Online Textbook.
We will review the rules in detail during the Control Chart
virtual class session.
Instructor:
Be careful not to jump to a presumed root cause, which
TOOL(s) would you recommend to identify the POTENTIAL
root causes?
Control (Pp Ppk)Objective:As mentioned in the last deliverable,
one part of the CONTROL phase of DMAIC is toto use the
control chart to control and monitor the process behavior. We
use a capabilitystudy to determine how the process is
performing in reference to the specifications, once we havea

stable and predictable process as determined by the control
chart.Your team decided to use a Pp Ppk study. Reflected in the
data below is lastmonth's wait times. You need to use this data
in your Pp Ppk study. Remember, youalso needed to address
that out-of-control point on that XmR Chart (point #27) found
inthe last deliverable. The team had an assignable-cause for that
point, but since that adjustment,a subsequent control chart study
determined that the process was now in control. And, youknow
that the process needs to be in control PRIOR to using a Pp Ppk
study.You also need to construct a histogram as a part of your
capability study to ensurethat the process variation is still
acting normal. By the way--finish this deliverableand you are
finished with the project.Congratulations!!!!Instructions for
you:1. Construct a histogram from the data below.2. Is the
processes random, or normally distributed?Histograms in Excel
20033. Calculate Pp and Ppk indices.4. Are the processes
acceptable?Histograms in Excel 2007More on Bin RangesPp,
Ppk formulasUse Excel 2003 to find mean and Standard
DeviationUse Excel 2007 to find mean and Standard
DeviationData:Data:Wait
times21198612998131177101448109915996109Upper Spec
Limit is 30 minutes7*Carefully note there is NO Lower Spec
Limit (unilateral tolerance) since it is a smaller is better quality
characteristic!985Be sure to review the week 14 virtual class for
more information on Process Capability before you submit this
NOT NEED TO INCLUDE YOUR HISTOGRAM IN THIS
ASSIGNMENTProject:Healthcare ProjectDeliverable:Pp
PpkStudent last name:Your last name hereREPORT THE
RESULTS TO AT LEAST 2 DECIMAL
PLACES!Pp:CheckPpk::::CheckRandom?:::CheckAcceptable?
:::CheckRead this!To send each assignment to your

Instructor:
Since this is a 'smaller is better' quality characteristic we are
only concerned with the distance to the USL!
Ppk: Some value between 2 and 3.
Instructor:
6) Click "New Worksheet Ply"
6) Skip the bin range option, and all other options
8) Click OK, and your histogram will appear.

graph to enlarge it.
10) Do NOT delete the MORE category if there are data values
in it.
Option #2 (A more polished copy where you determine the bin
ranges, rather than Excel)
option.
option
11) Click OK

Excel 2003, you will have to select OPTIONS. Then set the
GAP to Zero.
Instructor:
1) Click DATA tab
ANALYSIS features.)
7) Click in "New Worksheet Ply"
8) Skip the bin range option, and other options

10) Click OK
11) You may drag your mouse over the corner of the graph to
enlarge it.
Option #2 (A More polished copy where you determine the bin
ranges)
1) Click DATA tab
ANALYSIS features.)
option.
option
12) Click OK

Excel 2007, you go directly to setting GAP WIDTH to zero.
Instructor:
If you want your histogram to have the appropriate number of
bin ranges (also known as cell intervals), you will need to enter
some bin ranges in the dialogue box in DATA ANALYSIS for
making Histograms.
Let's say that the largest value you have is 10.77. The smallest
is 10.63. So, the range is 0.14. Add +1 for 'inclusion' (as
mentioned in the lecture on cell intervals) = 0.15.
The recommended number of cell choices for n = 35 is 5 to 7. I
pick 5 to make the math easier. That means I will have 5 cells
with 0.03 in each.

So, for the first data set the cell intervals are:
10.63-10.6,
10.66-10.68
10.69-10.71
10.72-10.74
10.75-10.77
Enter the 'maximum' value (or ending value) from each cell
interval into a separate place in this worksheet - location is not
important. (i.e., 10.65, 10.68, 10.71, 10.74, 10.77).
Then you will be able to drag the cursor across them to satisfy
the bin range box in DATA ANALYSIS.
Confused? Re-watch the lecture on histograms and cell
intervals.
If you would like to print these instructions, just highlight and
copy, then paste into a document for printing.
Instructor:
For Pp and Ppk formulas refer to Lecture 109 & 110 in the
Study Guide
Instructor:
deviation?
1. Click the DATA tab in the top bar
2. In the ANALYSIS category, click on Data Analysis
(If you don't see Data Analysis as an option go to the 'EXCEL
EXAMPLES' tab at the bottom of this spreadsheet for
instructions to load the Data Analysis Tookpak.)
4. OK

6. New Workbook Ply
7. Check Summary statistics
the
number of decimal values that are visible, by going to the
NUMBER category on the HOME page. Click on the drop
down
menu and select MORE NUMBER FORMATS. Select
number and
specify the number of decimal points that you want to view
in
your spreadsheet. Remember Excel stores the entire value
in
the cell. You are just designation how many decimal places
are
displayed in the cell.
Instructor:
deviation?
1. Click Tools in the top bar
2. Click Data Analysis (If you don't see Data Analysis as an
option on the TOOLS menu, go to the 'EXCEL EXAMPLES' tab
at the bottom of this spreadsheet for instructions to load the
Data Analysis Tookpak.)
4. OK

6. New Workbook Ply
7. Summary statistics
the
number of decimal values that are visible, by clicking
FORMAT -
CELLS - NUMBER and setting the decimal place.
Instructor:
Is it possible to calculate the Pp index with only one
specification limit (Unilateral Tolerance)?
Processes with a unilateral tolerance only report a Ppk value!
Instructor:
Construct a histogram and determine if the distribution is
normal (random).
Instructor:
If the Ppk index is greater than 1.50 the process is considered
'acceptable'.
Example of
a deliverable

WelcomeWelcome!Please read this page (in particular) very
carefully.InstructionsYou need to understand how to send your
assignments (deliverables)to your instructor. The tabs (bottom
of each sheet) in thisdocument contain all of the deliverables
expected of you.If you need help along the way, look for these
special cells that have a red indicatorin the corner. It looks like
the "Read me" box to the right:Read meSimply slide your cursor
over the red-cornered cell and you will get more
information.The format for all of the deliverables is the
same:The 'objective' is in black font. It describes what you are
doing the particular deliverable.The next segment is in green
font. These are your instructions.The blue font is the data
(where applicable) that you will need to complete the
deliverable.SoftwareWe are using Excel software for the
projects. You may use other softwareto complete your projects,
but please 'report' your answers in the Excel formatdescribed
below.You may complete your assignments with any version of
Excel software.All assignments can easily be completed with a
basic copy of Excel.There is also an Add-In feature which is
available for Excel that can be helpful,although it is not
required. The Add-In feature comes free with each Excel
package,although it may not be currently loaded into your copy
of Excel.Following are the simple instruction for loading the
Excel Add-ins for both Excel 2003and Excel 2007. (Slide your
cursor over the red-cornered cells to read)Excel 2003 or
earlierExcel 2007Excel Novice - Please readProject
TimelineDeliverables include:Project charter (target week 3 or
sooner)Baseline sigma (week 4 or sooner)Pareto chart (week 5
or sooner)Histogram (week 6 or sooner)Chi Square (week 9 or
sooner)Mystery Took (week 10 or sooner)ANOVA (week 11 or
sooner)DOE (week 12 or sooner)Scatter diagram (week 13 or
sooner)Control chart (XmR) ( week 14 or sooner)How to submit
an AssignmentIn response to customers like you, we have added
a peach-colored boxfor each deliverable. We have done this to
make it clear (and consistent) theareas of the project that will
be reviewed to your

instructor.Project:FinanceProjectDeliverable:Improve phase -
gen. sol.Student last name:JohnsonWhat is the control chart
telling you?There is a point out of control at subgroup #15. I
would try to figure out why that happened. We would also
recalculate the control limits because there is evidence the
process has changed.What is the average of subgroup 1?22What
is the average of subgroup 2?34What is the average of subgroup
3?23What is the average of subgroup 4?22What is the average
of subgroup 5?25What is the average of subgroup 6?23What is
the average of subgroup 7?29What is the average of subgroup
8?27Read this!To send each assignment to your
Welcome1
Scatter Diagram
1
Excel examplesThis spreadsheet tab provides illustrations of
adding the DATA ANALYSIS capability to your Excel
software.If you see Data Analysis already listed under the Tools
tab, you are set. If you do not see Data Analysisfollow the

instructions in the Green tab.Excel 2003 instructionsExcel 2003
or earlier versions of Excel exampleThis spreadsheet tab
provides illustrations of adding the DATA ANALYSIS
capability to your 2007 Excel software.If you see Data Analysis
already listed under the DATA tab, you are set. If you do not
see Data Analysisfollow the instructions in the Green tab.Excel
2007 instructionsExcel 2007 example
Instructor:
These cells contain some hints, tips, and self-checks.
If you would like to print any of the tips, right click the cell
containing the tip and select Edit Comment.
Highlight the text, copy and paste in a any text document like
WORD for printing.
Instructor:
version of Excel.

See the next spreadsheet at the bottom of this worksheet entitled
EXCEL EXAMPLES for an illustration.
Excel 2007
Add-ins.
3. Click Go.

tab.
See the next spreadsheet EXCEL EXAMPLES for an
illustration.
the course.
Instructor:
It is beyond the scope of this Black Belt course to teach
students how to perform all of the functions of Excel.
The Microsoft web site has excellent FREE tutorials for both
Excel 2003 or Excel 2007.
Excel 2007
Excel 2003
Or, ask a business colleague, who is proficient in Excel to show

you how to do some of the basic things such as copying,
cutting, pasting, copying from sheet to sheet, etc.
Please do not expect your Black Belt class instructor to teach
you how to use Excel software. That is not the objective of this
course. This course will highlight specific Excel commands
that are unique to Six Sigma, but it is not the objective of this
course to teach basic Excel commands. Please use the
suggested resources listed above.
Instructor:
version of Excel.

Excel 2007
Add-ins.
3. Click Go.

tab.
the course.
The projectFINANCE PROJECTDeposit Delays Affecting
Customers at Quick-Turn-Around BankProject Background:Jeff
Anderson, the President of Quick-Turn-Around Bank (QTAB),
has been readingabout the growing impact of Lean Six Sigma in
the financial services sector.Ted Maze is the Quality
Manager.He has been reading about successful Lean Six Sigma
projects in banking including:- projects to reduce account
attrition- projects to optimize account retention- projects to
decrease check deposit errors- projects to improve check
deposit processing time- projects to enhance electronic
statement delivery- projects to eliminate unnecessary paper
reports- projects to enhance the transition from prospect to
client enrollment- projects to reduce check defects- projects to
reduce loan approval cycle time- projects to reduce personal
overdraft write-offsJeff sees opportunities for his bank in each
of the above projects, but Ted wantsto begin with a project that
will have high impact in improving customer satisfaction.Jeff
has looked at recent customer data and of the 374,400
customers, 2,047filed customer complaints relating to the time
delays in the availability ofdeposited funds following a
customer banking deposit. One customer depositeda check
from their stock broker’s interest bearing checking account for
$8,658with QTAB and the amount was not available in the
customer's accountfor 7 days. Jeff has hired a Black Belt to
lead a project to address the followingquestion:What do deposit

delays mean to the bank and to customer satisfaction?Please
'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course. DO NOT
SAVE THEM FOR THE END.Procrastinators: The deadline for
completing all project deliverables is 7 days prior to the end of
the course.
Define (Project Charter)Objective:A problem statement needs to
be developed.There needs to be a business case so that
management willbuy-in to having the team working on the
project. The scope ofthe project also needs to be decided upon.
This is important to ensurea successful completion. If the scope
is too broad, a successmay not be realized for years, or may not
happen at all.Instructions for you:Create a project charter
based"Create a charter?"upon the information in the
introduction. (see "The project" tab)In reality, you would fill in
a charter with team members' names,stake holders, etc. We are
not interested in those details for thissimulation, but we do want
to see what you come up with for four (4)items: Problem
statement, business case, goal and project scope.Be sure to
review the week 2 virtual class for more information on Project
Charters before you submit this assignment!How to submit an
AssignmentTarget Assignment Date - Submit in Week 3 or
earlierProject:Finance ProjectDeliverable:Project charterStudent
last name:Your LAST name hereWhat is the business case?Type
in your business case here."Business Case?"What is the problem
statement?Type in your problem statement here."Problem
Statement"What is your goal statement?"Goal Statement"Type
in your goal statement here.What is the project scope?Type in
the scope here. Please see the Helpful Hints
==>"Project Scope?"To send each assignment to your

Select 'new message'3. Click on your instructor's email
Instructor:
Acting as your real-world sponsor, I would need to be sold on
why we need to do this project. I wouldn't have time to read
long explanations. I would need to know what this project is all
about and how it impacts the strategic objectives of the
organization. I would need a short, to-the-point compelling
reason why we need to do this.
Instructor:
In the problem statement, we 'sell' the need for the project with
specific and measureable data. One or two sentence description
of the symptoms arising from the problem to be addressed. It
will often parallel the Business Case, but will be more specific
and focused.
Answer; What’s wrong? Where is the problem appearing? How
big is the problem? What is the impact of the problem on the
business?
Instructor:
The Goal Statement and Problem Statements are a matched pair.
What is your target improvement for this project, including a
target date?
George Eckes mentions a 50% improvement as a possible target
for Six Sigma projects. Is a 50% improvement enough in this
case?

Instructor:
Outline the project scope in process terms (where does it start
and stop - ie. starts with the point of initial deposit at branch
and ends when the funds are accessible in the customers
account), and identify any constraints and assumptions. How
much of our work time can be devoted to project per week? Do
we have any authority to spend money? Who (what) are our
internal/external resources?
Also be sure to review week #2 archived virtual class session
for additional information and helpful hints!
What the scope is not:
-It is not merely a timeline (i.e., when the Six Sigma project is
to begin and when it is expected to end.)
-It is not restating the problem being attacked.
Instructor:
Additional information about project charters can be found in
your Online Textbook.
I also HIGHLY recommend reviewing week #2 archived virtual
class session for additional information and helpful hints for the
assignment!
Measure (Baseline Sigma)Objective:We want you to determine
baseline sigma. (approximate is okay)Note: You will need to
refer to the tab entitled "The Project" for this
deliverable.InstructionsCalculate baseline sigma.Sigma Levels6
sigma3.4 dissatisfied customer experiences per million
(DPMO)5 sigma233 DPMO4 sigma6,210 DPMO3 sigma66,807
DPMO2 sigma308,538 DPMO1 sigma691,462 DPMOHow to
submit an AssignmentTarget Assignment Date - Submit in Week
4 or earlierProject:Finance ProjectDeliverable:Baseline
SigmaStudent last name:Your LAST name hereWhat is your
baseline sigma? (Approximately):::Enter hereHelp?To send each

Measure (Baseline Sigma)0
#REF!
Frequency
Factors Impacting Student MEAP Performance
0
Analyze (Pareto Chart)Objective:You need to determine the
'biggest contributors to the problem.'One tool to accomplish this
is the Pareto ChartAs stated in the problem, you have unhappy
customers.Your team has had to go out and collect customer
data. That data(blue font far below) will be useful in
constructing the Pareto Chart.InstructionsUsing the data below,
construct a Pareto chart.We realize that you could simply pick
the two or threeprocess components without actually creating
the Pareto Chart, but we want you toactually create the Pareto
Chart because in reality management likes to see simplecharts
where they don't have to analyze the data to see the picture.
That is why thePareto Chart is a powerful business tool.Notice:
The shaded section below has a practice problem intended to
help you with this assignment.If you want to skip this

hypothetical problem, you can.Hypothetical problem (This is
NOT the project data which is why this is separated in a shaded
box)Just to show you how this works, let's say the responses
were as follows:Let's say that data reveals the following counts
for beach-related injuries for the month of July.Injury
categories# of incidentsCuts from broken glass12This green
area is just for practice.Surf boarding injuries37The project is
below in blue.Fishing related injuries41Jelly fish stings45This
is a hypothetical exampleSkim boarding accidents29You will be
doing this using differentHit with flying toy79data for your
project, but this is merelySprained ankle43showing you how to
do it.Jet Ski accidents34Burns from grills52Misc.22The first
thing you would have to do is sort the data from the largest
count of injuries to the smallest.It would look like this after
sorting.Then, you would create a cumulative percentage column.
Click once on any of thecumulative percentages to see the
formula.Injury categories# of incidentsCumulative %Hit with
flying toy7920%How did you get 20?Burns from
grills5233%How did you get 33?Jelly fish stings4545%Sprained
ankle4356%Fishing related injuries4166%Surf boarding
injuries3775%Jet ski accidents3484%Skim boarding
accidents2991%Misc.2297%Cuts from broken
glass12100%394..Back to the project
itself...Data:Data:ComplaintsCum %Time delays in customer
access2047Bank Statement Not Delivered350Reports Not
Legible1000Customer Service97General Questions2000Late
Mortgage Quotes150Other20TOTALCreate a pareto chart in
Excel 2003Create a pareto chart in Excel 2007How to submit an
AssignmentTarget Assignment Date - Submit in Week 5 or
earlierYOU DO NOT NEED TO SEND THE ACTUAL PARETO
CHART.Project:Finance ProjectDeliverable:Pareto ChartStudent
last name:You LAST name hereWhat would you work on based
upon what the Pareto Chart is telling you?Type your response
here. Identify the 'vital' few (20/80 Rule)To send
each assignment to your instructor:Click-and-hold the LEFT
mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of thepeach-colored box,

then while holding down on that button, drag tothe LOWER-
RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entirepeach-
colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This
willcopy what has been highlighted.Go to your Villanova
website and follow this sequence:1. Click on the 'email' icon on
your course home page2. Select 'new message'3. Click on your
instructor's email envelope icon4. Type "the respective
assignment name" in the SUBJECT box.5. Click once inside of
the message box6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your
deliverable into this box.Don't be concerned if after you paste
it, the appearance of the text is out ofalignment. It will
straighten out after you hit SEND.7. SEND Check your SENT
ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out.Please
'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course.DO NOT
SAVE THEM FOR THE END.Procrastinators: The deadline for
completing all project deliverablesis 7 days prior to the end of
the course.
Instructor:
Using the information provided in the 'The project' tab you can
calculate the DPMO and use the table above.
Also please refer to Week #3 virtual class session for additional
information and examples on how to use the table above.
Analyze (Pareto Chart)0
#REF!
Frequency
Factors Impacting Student MEAP Performance
0
Analyze (Histogram)Objective:The team wants to learn whether
the data for customerdeposit cycle times is normally
distributed.Instructions:1. Create a histogram2. Answer the
questions in the peach-colored box.Data:Data:Deposit Cycle
Time In DaysDetermine if random?3.64.4Histograms in Excel
20033.24.8Histograms in Excel
20073.44.43.64.64.44.43.64.63.43.63.04.63.43.63.44.43.84.44.6

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