Part I:  Multiple Choice (worth 1 point each) Directions :   Below are 30 multiple choice questions.  Please indicate the best answer from the selections given. 1.  One of the issues to consider in defining communication is  intentionality .  Which of the following best exemplifies the belief that communication must be intentional? a.  communication is goal-oriented behavior b.  communication is any interpretation of meaning c.  communication is the perception of power d.  communication is a means by which truth is established 2.  Having a conversation with someone over walkie-talkies is an example of which model of the communication process? a.  linear b.  interactional c.  transactional d.  Information transfer 3.  Communication is considered  transactional  when a.  a person waits to hear feedback after sending a message b.  the people communicating send and receive messages simultaneously c.  one person is responsible for sending the message; the other  person is responsible for understanding the message d.  each element of the communication process is not connected to the others 4.  Selecting the word  rage  to label your feeling of anger is a process known as a.  feedback b.  decoding c.  encoding d.  semantics 5.  I define communication as "the social process of creating meaning." Based on my definition of communication, which of the following theoretical questions is most likely to interest me? a.  does increasing the strength of the arguments in a message lead to an increase in that message’s persuasiveness? b.  what are the communication strategies people use to defend themselves when someone is insulting them? c.  how do communicators reduce apprehension when they meet someone for the first time? d.  how do lovers co-create meaning within their relationships? 6.  Littlejohn defines a theory as "any conceptual representation or explanation of a phenomenon."  Based on our class discussion, why is it important to notice the word "OR" in this definition? a.  it narrows the definition by making it too inclusive b.  it broadens the definition by including many approaches to theory c.  it strengthens the definition by making anything a theory d.  all of the above e.  none of the above 7.  The ultimate goal of communication theory development is to produce an accumulating body of reliable knowledge enabling us to a.  predict, explain, and control communication behavior b.  explain, predict, and manipulate communication behavior c.  predict, understand, manipulate communication behavior d.  explain, manipulate, dominate communication behavior 8.  A theorist wonders, " What  are the communication strategies people use to end relationships?" In which goal of theory is the theorist primarily interested? a.  understanding b.  explanation c.  prediction d.  control 9.  How do the concepts and theories people use in their everyday lives differ from what communication theorists try to do? a.  theorists’ concepts ar.

1. Part I: Multiple Choice (worth 1 point each)
Directions
:
Below are 30 multiple choice questions. Please indicate the
best answer from the selections given.
1. One of the issues to consider in defining communication is
intentionality
. Which of the following best exemplifies the belief that
communication must be intentional?
a. communication is goal-oriented behavior
b. communication is any interpretation of meaning
c. communication is the perception of power
d. communication is a means by which truth is established
2. Having a conversation with someone over walkie-talkies is
an example of which model of the communication process?
a. linear
b. interactional
c. transactional
d. Information transfer
3. Communication is considered
transactional
when
a. a person waits to hear feedback after sending a message
b. the people communicating send and receive messages

2. simultaneously
c. one person is responsible for sending the message; the
other person is responsible for understanding the message
d. each element of the communication process is not connected
to the others
4. Selecting the word
rage
to label your feeling of anger is a process known as
a. feedback
b. decoding
c. encoding
d. semantics
5. I define communication as "the social process of creating
meaning." Based on my definition of communication, which of
the following theoretical questions is most likely to interest me?
a. does increasing the strength of the arguments in a message
lead to an increase in that message’s persuasiveness?
b. what are the communication strategies people use to defend
themselves when someone is insulting them?
c. how do communicators reduce apprehension when they meet
someone for the first time?
d. how do lovers co-create meaning within their relationships?
6. Littlejohn defines a theory as "any conceptual representation
or explanation of a phenomenon." Based on our class

3. discussion, why is it important to notice the word "OR" in this
definition?
a. it narrows the definition by making it too inclusive
b. it broadens the definition by including many approaches to
theory
c. it strengthens the definition by making anything a theory
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
7. The ultimate goal of communication theory development is
to produce an accumulating body of reliable knowledge
enabling us to
a. predict, explain, and control communication behavior
b. explain, predict, and manipulate communication behavior
c. predict, understand, manipulate communication behavior
d. explain, manipulate, dominate communication behavior
8. A theorist wonders, "
What
are the communication strategies people use to end
relationships?" In which goal of theory is the theorist primarily
interested?
a. understanding
b. explanation
c. prediction
d. control
9. How do the concepts and theories people use in their
everyday lives differ from what communication theorists try to
do?

4. a. theorists’ concepts are more abstract; everyday concepts are
more concrete
b. everyday concepts are more abstract; theorists’ concepts are
more concrete
c. theorists try not to generalize because they want to explain
specific communication behavior
d. everyday theories are falsifiable (i.e., can be found to be
incorrect), academic theories are not
10. Conclusions drawn from metatheoretical discussions
determine
a. what communication phenomenon the theorist observes
b. how the theorist should observe the phenomenon
c. what perspective on communication (laws, rules, systems.
Rhetoric, etc.) the theorist will take
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
11. “Communication is a social endeavor” is a(n)
assumption
a. ontological
b. epistemological
c. axiological
d. none of the above
12. A theorist who asks, “Should I develop a theory that will
change society's view of gay marriage?” is asking him/herself a
question that pertains to the area of

5. a. ontology
b. epistemology
c. axiology
d. phenology
13. According to class discussion, we have so many different
communication theories because
a. communication scholars hold different metatheoretical
assumptions
b. communication scholars define communication in many
different ways
c. communication scholars adhere to different assumptions that
guide ways of knowing or discovering the world
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
14. A communication scholar who uses the
covering laws approach
is essentially trying to uncover
a. the social norms that influence our communication behaviors
b. cause and effect relationships between communication
variables
c. why certain people achieve success in communication and
others do not
d. cognitive schemata people use to interpret events
15. As classroom size increases, level of student participation
decreases. This hypothesis is an example of a
a. a contextual law

6. b. a reliable law
c. a positivistic law
d. a probabilistic law
16. Communication rules tell us
a. whether a problem is historical or psychological
b. the difference between encoding and decoding
c. what behavior will result under a given set of circumstances
d. what kinds of behavior are appropriate in a given context or
relationship
17. Which type of data would a
rules perspective
theorist be most happy analyzing?
a. responses to paper and pencil tests or surveys
b. actual dialogue from two people in conversation
c. responses to yes/no questions answered over the phone
d. frequency data from polling people individually
18. The following are possible explanations for the amount of
distance between two people when they are speaking to one
another. Which of the following best represents
a rules approach
?
a. if you violate an individual’s personal space they will feel
threatened
b. people who want others to like them should use the distance
between them to show how they feel
c. if you violate an individual’s personal space, he or she will
move away from you
d. Our reaction to someone violating our space is the end result

7. of being confronted with negative stimuli.
19. Sophia wants to answer the theoretical question, “Is birth
order is related to communication apprehension?” She asks
students who have one or more siblings to complete a survey
that measures a person’s level of apprehension. Which
paradigm is influencing Martha’s choice of research methods?
a. empiricism (i.e., she’s a social scientist)
b. humanism (i.e., she’s a humanist)
c. the systems perspective
d. the rules perspective
20. True or False? Systems theorists believe you can study a
part of the communication process (e.g., the sender of the
message) in order to fully understand how communication
functions in the real world.
a. true
b. false
21. True or False? The property of a system known as
calibration
is the system’s ability to achieve the same goals through
different methods or means.
a. true
b. false
22. Rhetoricians who want to “put things into an intelligible
frame” have which of the goals of theory as their primary goal

8. of theory building?
a. understanding
b. prediction
c. control
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
23. Theories about communication phenomena
a. include definitions of concepts
b. may include explanations about the relationships between
and among concepts
c. concern abstract ideas
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
24. Imagine, for a moment, two different images: Imagine (1)
Dr. Hubbard giving a lecture last Wednesday, and imagine (2)
the use of "effective instructional techniques". Which of the
following statements BEST distinguishes between these two
images?
a. image 1 is a concept, image 2 is a concrete event
b. image 1 is a concrete event, image 2 is a concept
c. image 1 is a concept, image 2 is a theory
d. image 1 is a building block of theory, image 2 is not
25. All theories must
a. contain causal necessity
b. contain practical necessity
c. be logically consistent

9. d. include hypotheses
26. The statement, “flattery leads to liking” indicates which
type of necessity?
a. causal
b. practical
c. academic
d. temporal
27. When you flatter a friend because you want that friend to
like you, what kind of necessity is operating in your behavior?
a. causal
b. practical
c. academic
d. temporal
28. A theory which contains only a few simply stated
propositions instead of many elaborate propositions is said to be
a. heuristic
b. parsimonious
c. valid
d. testable
29. Edwin went to the library to learn more about a particular
theory which attempts to explain the types of communication

10. strategies used by women to end long-term relationships. In the
process of investigating this theory, he discovered that many
research studies had been conducted to “test” the theory. He
concludes that the theory is a “good” theory because it passed
the evaluation criteria of
a. scope
b. parsimony
c. heurism
d. validity
30. When you are
unable
to see the concepts explained in a theory operating in real life,
the theory does
not
have
a. precision
b. scope
c. validity
d. power