NERVOUS SYSTEM by: GENEVIVE SOLIS CSU-SM BEED III-B

1. The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System
Functions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
(NEURONS)
Anatomy of a Neuron
Communication Between Neuron
Central Nervous System (BRAIN)
CEREBRUM
CEREBELLUM
Brain Stem
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

2. Functions of the Nervous SystemFunctions of the Nervous System
1.1. Control center for all body activitiesControl center for all body activities
2.2. Responds and adapts to changes thatResponds and adapts to changes that
occur both inside and outside the bodyoccur both inside and outside the body
(Ex: pain, temperature, pregnancy)(Ex: pain, temperature, pregnancy)

3. Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
NeuronsNeurons : microscopic: microscopic
nerve cells that makenerve cells that make
up the brain, spinalup the brain, spinal
cord, and nervescord, and nerves
- 30,000 neurons can fit- 30,000 neurons can fit
on a pinheadon a pinhead

4. Anatomy of a NeuronAnatomy of a Neuron
Each neuron contains:Each neuron contains:
-- Cell bodyCell body with nucleuswith nucleus
-- DendritesDendrites : fibers that receive: fibers that receive
messages from other neuronsmessages from other neurons
-- AxonsAxons : fibers that send: fibers that send
messages to other neuronsmessages to other neurons
• Neurons do NOT touch; there isNeurons do NOT touch; there is
a gap between them called aa gap between them called a
synapsesynapse
• Messages are sent across theMessages are sent across the
synapses by special chemicalssynapses by special chemicals
calledcalled neurotransmittersneurotransmitters
• A

5. Communication BetweenCommunication Between
NeuronsNeurons
- The use ofThe use of
neurotransmittersneurotransmitters
causes an electricalcauses an electrical
currentcurrent
There is enoughThere is enough
electrical current in theelectrical current in the
brain to power abrain to power a
flashlightflashlight

6. Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
BrainBrain : a mass of 100: a mass of 100
billion neurons locatedbillion neurons located
inside the skullinside the skull
-Learning occurs as more-Learning occurs as more
and strongerand stronger
connections are madeconnections are made
between neuronsbetween neurons

7. CEREBRUMCEREBRUM
CerebrumCerebrum : largest part of: largest part of
human brainhuman brain
- Responsible for:- Responsible for:
- Thought- Thought
- Language- Language
- Senses- Senses
- Memory- Memory
- Voluntary movement- Voluntary movement

8. CEREBELLUMCEREBELLUM
Cerebellum : at base of
brain
-Responsible for:
- Muscle coordination
- Balance
- Posture

9. BRAIN STEMBRAIN STEM
Brain StemBrain Stem : connects: connects
brain to spinal cordbrain to spinal cord
-Responsible for:-Responsible for:
- Breathing- Breathing
- Swallowing- Swallowing
- Heartbeat- Heartbeat
- Blood pressure- Blood pressure

10. Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Spinal CordSpinal Cord : Column of: Column of
nerves from brain tonerves from brain to
tailbone – protected bytailbone – protected by
vertebrae of spinevertebrae of spine
- Responsible for:Responsible for:
- Conducting- Conducting
impulses between theimpulses between the
brain and the rest ofbrain and the rest of
the bodythe body
*Impulses may travel as*Impulses may travel as
fast at 268 miles/hrfast at 268 miles/hr

11. Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
NervesNerves : visible bundles of: visible bundles of
axons and dendrites thataxons and dendrites that
entend from the brain andentend from the brain and
spinal cord to all otherspinal cord to all other
parts of the bodyparts of the body
-Responsibilities:-Responsibilities:
-- Sensory nervesSensory nerves - carry- carry
messages from body tomessages from body to
brain (pain, pressure,brain (pain, pressure,
temperature)temperature)
-- Motor nervesMotor nerves – carry– carry
messages from brain tomessages from brain to
body to respondbody to respond