Learn about the nervous system

1. ©
Ma. Guadalupe Robles
ma.guadaluperobles@yahoo.com
The Nervous
System

2. It is controlling and
communicating system of the body. Every
thought, , and emotionreflects
its activity.
(Marieb, 228)
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

3. It is)
Parts and Types

4. A nerve fiber is a threadlike extension of a nerve cell and consists of
an axon and (in some cases) a myelin sheath. There are nerve
fibers in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous
system. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is produced
byoligodendroglia cells. Schwann cells form myelin in the
peripheral nervous system (PNS). Schwann cells can also make a
thin covering for an axon which does not consist of myelin (in the
PNS). A peripheral nerve fiber consists of an axon, myelin sheath,
Schwann cells and its endoneurium. There are no endoneurium
and Schwann cells in the central nervous system.
Nerve Fibers/Myelin

5. Divisions

6. • The central nervous system (CNS) controls most
functions of the body and mind. It consists of two
parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is the
center of our thoughts, the interpreter of our
external environment, and the origin of control over
body movement. Like a central computer, it
interprets information from our eyes (sight), ears
(sound), nose (smell), tongue (taste), and skin
(touch), as well as from internal organs such as the
stomach.

7. • Central Nervous System: Brain
• It consists of three main
components: the forebrain, the
brainstem, and the hindbrain.

8. The spinal cord is the highway
for communication between
the body and the brain. When
the spinal cord is injured, the
exchange of information
between the brain and other
parts of the body is disrupted.

9. • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the
division of the nervous system containing all the
nerves that lie outside of the central nervous
system (CNS). The primary role of the PNS is to
connect the CNS to the organs, limbs and skin.
These nerves extend from the central nervous
system to the outermost areas of the body.

10. • In some cases, these nerves are very small but
some nerve bundles are so large that they can be
easily seen by the human eye.
• The peripheral nervous system is divided into two
parts:
• The somatic nervous system
• The autonomic nervous system

11. • The somatic nervous system (SoNS) is the part of
the peripheral nervous system associated with the
voluntary control of body movements through
the skeletal muscles and mediation of
involuntary reflex arcs.
• The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the part of
the peripheral nervous system that controls visceral
functions which occur below the level of
consciousness.

12. 1)
Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurring
seizures in an individual. Seizures are an
abnormal overactivity of the cells of the brain
which can affect variable regions of the central
nervous system, primarily in the forebrain.
2)
A brain tumor is an abnormal growth that
involves the brain itself or its surrounding
structures.
3)
Spinal disease is any pathology which affects the
spinal column and/or the spinal cord and spinal
nerves which are contained therein.

13. Exercise regularly
Eat balanced diet.
Avoid stress.
Avoid head injuries.
Do not smoke.
Refrain from eating junk foods
Drink enough water every day.

14. On September 13, 1848, the then 25-year-old
Gage was working as the foreman of a crew
preparing a railroad bed near Cavendish,
Vermont. He was using an iron tamping rod to
pack explosive powder into a hole.
Unfortunately, the powder detonated, sending
the 43 inch long and 1.25 inch diameter rod
hurtling upward. The rod penetrated Gage's left
cheek, tore through his brain, and exited his
skull before reportedly landing some 80 feet
away.
Shockingly, Gage not only survived the initial
injury but was able to speak and walk to a
nearby cart so he could be taken into town to
be seen by a doctor.