signaling in indian railway

1. PRESENTED BY: ROHIT KUMAR
BRANCH: ECE,
R. N. : CSJMA14001390094

2. Signalling : Signalling consists of the systems,
devices and means by which trains are operated
efficiently and tracks are used to maximum extent,
maintaining the safety of the passengers, the staff
and the rolling stock.

3. NEED OF SIGNALLING
• To provide facilities for the efficient movement of
trains.
• To provide facility for safe and efficient shunting
operations.
• To provide facility for max. utility of tracks.
• To ensure safety between two or more trains
which cross or approach each other’s path.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS
1. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
2. FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
3. LOCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
4. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS

5. 1.OPERATION CHARACTERISTICS:
BASED ON THE WAY OF THEIR OPERATION,
SIGNALS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS:-
Signals
Detonating Hand Fixed
Operating

6. Detonating signals:- These are placed on the rails in
foggy and cloudy weather when hand or fixed signals are not
visible. Signals explodes with a loud sound when train passes
over them.

7. Detonating signals

8. The sound of detonator draws
attention of the driver to the proximity
of the signals.
From the safety point of view, the
detonators must be placed on the rails
atleast 400 to 500m ahead of the signal
to enable the driver to stop the train, or
to obey the signals.
These signals consists of containers
with explosive and are fixed to the rails
by means of clips.

9. During the night time, lamps are used in which movable glass
slides of green, red and yellow sheds are provided.
Following are the signal conventions used:-
Serial no. Colours of flag/lights Meaning of signals
1 Red flag of light STOP
2 GREEN flag of light PROCEED
3 YELLOW light PROCEED CAUTIONUSLY

11. Stop or
semaphore
Warner signals Shunting
signals
Coloured-light
signals
2. Functional characteristics

12. STOP OR SEMAPHORE
SIGNALS
The principle of design of semaphore signals is to
show the stop position
Of any failure that happens to be in the apparatus.
The signal mechanism is so arranged that in normal
position it indicates the
Stop position.

14. WARNER SIGNAL
A semaphore signal at the entrance to station
is combined with a warner signal.
The warner signal is similar to semaphore
signal in shape except a v-notch at free end.
The warner signal is placed on the same post
of semaphore signal at 1.8 to 2.1m below the
semaphore signal., which is of yellow colour.

16. Shunting signal (GROUND SIGNAL)
These signals are used for shunting
operations in stations yards and therefore ,
They are called shunting signals.
They are of the shape of a circular disc with
a red band on a white background.
The disc can revolve in a vertical plane by
pulling the lever by hand.

19. The following indications are given by
disc or shunting signals:-
1- when the red band of disc is in horizontal position
or it shows red light at night
It indicates ‘STOP’.
2- When the red band is in inclined position or shows
green light at night, it indicates
‘PROCEED’.

20. COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL

21. SPECIAL SIGNALS
REPEATER
SIGNAL
CALLING
SIGNAL
ROUTING
SIGNAL
POINT
INDICATOR
MODIFIED LOWER QUADRANT
SEMAPHORE SIGNAL

22. REPEATER SIGNAL