2. 1. Quantitative - refers to research that
involves measuring traits, characteristics,
or attributes of things
3. 1. Quantitative - refers to research that
involves measuring traits, characteristics,
or attributes of things
› For example, if the researcher is collecting
numerical data about individuals or groups,
say height and weight, and expects to
transform the numbers into mean (or
average) scores for a group.
4. 2. Qualitative - refers to research that
involves the meanings, concepts,
definitions, characteristics, metaphors,
symbols, and description of things.
› For example, the researcher is planning to
interview people to identify their health
status and their exercise habits, and will
transcribe the verbal responses of those
interviews in order to characterize the habits
of the group.
5.
6. Its goal is the careful mapping out of a
situation or set of events in order to
describe what is happening
behaviorally. (Rosenthal and Rosnow,
1991)
› E.g. A researcher wants to identify the
amount of time each week that typical
American adults spend in various activities,
including exercise.
7. It focuses on the identification of how
changes in one characteristic or variable
correspond (or do not correspond) to
changes in another characteristic or
variable.
› E.g. a researcher is interested in finding out in
whether or not there is any relationship
between exercise habits and health status
(or between height and weight
measurements) for a group of people.
8. Focuses on the identification of causes
and effects
› E.g. A researcher wants to know if more
exercise results in people being healthier, he
or she bight design a study where people
were assigned to different groups, each of
which was led in different amounts of
exercise. By comparing the health status of
the groups, after some time has passed,the
researcher could infer the extent to which
differences in exercise cause health status
differences in people.
9. Quantitative Data Qualitative Data
› Uses numerical data › Uses verbal reports
(e.g. mean, to describe a trait,
median) to describe characteristic, or
a variable phenomenon
10. Quantitative Data Qualitative Data
› Uses numerical data › Uses verbal reports
(e.g. correlation to show how traits
coefficient) to show are related to each
a relationship other
among variables
11. Quantitative Data Qualitative Data
› Uses numerical data › Uses verbal reports
(e.g. critical ratio) to to establish a cause
establish a cause and effect
and effect connection among
connection among phenomena
variables
