Effect On Automobile Pollution

Effect On Automobile Pollution
Effect of automobile pollution on plants in Narnaul City, Haryana Richa Kumari1 and Poonam
Yadav2 1 Assistant Professor, Deptt. Of Geography, Govt. College Narnaul, Haryana. 2Assistant
Professor, Deptt. Of Geography, Govt. College Narnaul, Haryana.
ABSTRACT:–
Air pollution is one of the major problems in the world. It is influenced by four major factors, such
as industrialization in the cities, increase in traffic, rapid economic development, and higher level of
energy consumption. The growth of both an industrial and residential area is unplanned in many
developing cities of India, thus, it contributing to the air pollution problems. In urban areas, the
mobile or vehicular population is predominant and significantly contributes to air quality problems.
In recent past, air pollutants, responsible for vegetation injury and crop yield losses, are causing
increased concern. Air pollution is one of the serious problems in the world, its facing today. It
deteriorates ecological condition and can be defined as the fluctuation in any atmospheric
constituent from the value that would have existed without human activity .It has been observed that
plants particularly growing in the urban areas affected greatly due to varieties of pollutants (oxides
of nitrogen and sulphur, hydrocarbon, ozone, particulate matters, hydrogen fluoride, peroxyacyl
nitrates (PAN) etc.) .Chlorophyll is found
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Literary Analysis Of The October Sun By D. Omer Seamon
October Sun by D. Omer Seamon is a 1987 watercolor by Indianan native, whose work primarily
consists of landscape watercolors, working as a freelance artist. Painted for the purpose of delight,
October Sun depicts a beautiful fall day that draws the viewer into its frame. For the sake of
analysis, I am using formal evaluation to discuss the formal elements and principles of design that
make this watercolor so compelling.
The use of oranges, yellows, reds, pale greens, and browns for the leaves anchors the painting in the
fall, giving the paint a tangible quality. Balancing the top portion of the painting, Seamon uses the
vibrant color of the leaves in the top, middle left and the background trees to give the painting a
sense of balance, it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Personally, I believe this image is so compelling due to its ability to pull its viewer into the work
through the sheer illusion of a third dimension as if you could able down the path and though the fall
color pallet, which immediately transports the viewer to the landscape giving it a tangible quality. It
is because of the tangible quality and the warm images of fall that this watercolor evokes that I
believe it fulfills its function as art for delight, making me almost want to grab it off the walls of
Rose–Hulman and run away with

Description And Description Of An Essay
Biological source: Botanical Name: Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Synonym: Spaheranthus hirtus
Willd Family: Asteraceae ( Compositae) Description: Occurrence and Distribution: Sphaeranthus
indicus Linn. is occurring at Rater of Chhindwara district, M.P. It is also found in the moist damp
places of tropical zones of Garhwal Himalaya. It is a spreading aromatic herb, distributed
throughout in India upto 1500 m from Kumaon hills to Sikkim on the Himalayas chiefly on damp
habitats. SYNONYMS Sanskrit : Mundi, Sravani, Bhumikadamba Assamese : Kamadarus Bengali :
Surmuriya, Mudmudiya English : East Indian globe–thistle Gujrati : Gorakhmundi Hindi : Mundi,
Gorakhmundi Kannada : Mudukattanagida, Karande Malayalam : Manni Marathi : Mundi,
Gorakhmundi Oriya : Bhuikadam Punjabi : Gorakhmunda Tamil : Karandai Telugu : Bodasarumu
Badataramu Urdu : Mundi Beng: Chagulnadi Morphology: It is an annual, prostrate–decumbent,
procumbent–ascending, glandular, villous, tomentose, aromatic herbs, a height of 30–60 cm .Stems
are narrowly winged along with wing toothed. Leaves are sessile, 2.5–5X 1.5–2 cm, obovate–oblong
, acute to rounded at tip, glandular–villous on both surfaces; apex are lanceolate, oblong or oblong –
spathulate, obtuse–mucronate; base are semi–amplexicaul; margin are acutely serrate, double
dentate at some places, presence of glands and sessile; Peduncles are 2–6cm long which are
glandular and pubescent, with a compound purple head. Flowers are in globular

The Infected Leaves Of Aspen Leafminers Essay
The Infected Leaves of Aspen Leafminers The study performed was the counting of infected leaves
and trees in five groups. The five groups were called A, B, C, D and E. The leaves in a given area
were measured 1 meter by 1 meter. The leaves not infected by a leaf miner, were not counted. The
counting of leaves and trees was counted three times in each zone by each group and then the data
was written down to be analyzed later. The Aspen leafminer or the Phyllocnistis populiella can be
described as a caterpillar or larvae that lay eggs on a plant and eats the nutrient leaf tissue. The
eating of the leaf tissue leave a discoloration on the leaf. The Aspen leafminer is in the Species
scientific classification. The two species that can be found in the U.P are the Bigtooth and Quaking
Aspen that turn the leaves a gold color during fall season. The purpose of this study is to see the
similarities and differences of human disturbance in the data found when the leaves and trees were
counted.
So, the materials used in this experiment was a measuring tape and notebook to measure the 1 meter
by 1 meter area and the notebook was used to write down the amount of infected leaves. The
measuring tape was used to measure an exact area, so the information found would be as accurate as
possible. The work was done at Wetmore Pond, Marquette County, Michigan on October, 21st.
The results of this experiment are shown in the below graph. It shows that leaves per

The Bracelet: A Family Heirloom
Older than anyone I know and made of a somewhat soft, orange gold. That's the first thing that
comes to mind when I think about my little bracelet. It's delicate but awkwardly large, with an
unnatural predetermined shape to it. It's an important thing not only because it's old and a family
heirloom, but also because it was something entrusted to me by my mom. A dingy, old, broken gold
bracelet. That's what anyone else would see if they saw this poor thing. Permanently open, it's
basically useless for it's intended purpose– or any purpose other than sitting there looking pretty,
really. A couple dents and scratches, with an overall dirty look to it, it's probably the most important
thing I've ever been gifted. It was a Tuesday after school when my mom decided I was old enough
to inherit the small gold thing; I was still shorter than her, and at the cusp of youth at just 11 years
old. It was heavy and large in my open hand– the longest width of it wider than my palm. She told
me it was rose gold, and I nodded my head at the term I didn't understand. Was it called that because
of the little rose on it? I had wondered. She told me it had been given to her by my great–great–
grandma in Montana when she was my age and that it was very special. I had to be careful with it
because it's old and someday I have to pass it on to my daughter. I had frowned at her, because
really, who wants kids? Without noticing the little button–release clasp on the side I slid my hand

Analysis Of ' The Pearls On A String '
Out of all the amazing things I saw in the Pearls on a String, the one that I found the most interesting
was Akbar and 'Abd al–Rahim, from the Akabarmana (Book of Akabr, 1586–1589). It is amazing to
see how many different scenes can all occur in one piece. Overall, The Book of Akbar had multiple
outstanding pieces but the emotion in this particular page is what caught my attention. Although I
did not study the other pages as intensely as this one, it is clear to see that Abul Fazlt's technique is
spectacular throughout each and every page. This painting is historical, depicting a young Abdul
Rahim Khan–I–Khana being received by Akbar after his family was killed. A great story is told
throughout the entire book, although this particular image has more of an intensity to it. This page
functions as a devotional image in order to display the emotional trauma 'Abd al–Rahim must have
felt having all that he knew dragged from under him. This occurrence after royal bloodshed
subsequently sets a mood for the piece. Some of the painting is hard to depict, due to some men
appearing respectful and embracing while others appeared with contempt. This page is taller than
wide with a beautiful background paper designs. The placement of the piece is harmonious in every
way possible. In paying attention to the placement more emphasis is put onto the central area of the
painting. The frame compliments the shape of the piece allowing it to bring your focus back after
the eye wanders around

Cottonwood Research Papers
Cottonwood Trees
Native to the United States, cottonwood trees' preferred habitat in the wild include moist bottomland
areas and around lakes and streams. Those wishing to add one to their landscape need to consider all
aspects of the tree before planting, as the tree has a variety of drawbacks that don't make it suitable
for many locations.
Basic Description
Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoids), which is also its common name, is a fast–growing deciduous
tree that obtains an additional 6–feet of growth yearly and reaches a mature height and width of
100–feet. Due to this habit of quick growth, the wood is soft and brittle, breaking easily in windy
conditions.
Bark, Stems and Foliage
The bark and trunk on a mature cottonwood tree is deeply furrowed, thick and gray and with
younger trees, the bark is a greenish–gray. Young stems and branches are a yellowish–green in color,
changing to a grayish color as they age. Mature trees develop an open and irregular–shaped crown.
Foliage is thick and heart–shaped with coarse ridges lining the edges, averaging 2– to 6–inches long.
During the growing season their color is green, changing to yellow during the fall before the foliage
drops during the winter months. The several inch long and flattened petiole allow the leaves to flap
from side to side in windy conditions.
Flowers and Seeds
Eastern cottonwood trees are dioecious, meaning there are male and female trees producing flowers,
though the female trees are the ones

Essay on Decomposition and Recycling in Aquatic Ecosystems
Introduction
Biogeochemical cycles are important to the sustainability of all life. Chemical elements necessary
for the growth and reproduction of all organisms have a limited quantity on earth at any one time,
other than the occasional meteor that brings with it new matter. It is therefore important that the
recycling of these chemical elements is efficient. Autotrophs are the basis of almost all ecosystems.
The rate that autotrophs produce and transfer energy is vital to the capacity of organisms that can
inhabit these ecosystems. To understand the rates in which certain species' leaves decay and release
the energy stored within them can demonstrate how quickly the energy becomes available to
organisms in higher trophic levels. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Leaves of different species were weighed in mg and recorded, then placed into a mesh bag in three
separate areas of bag, separated by plastic string weaved through mesh. Rock was placed into
middle segment to weigh bag down over the three areas. 2. Bag was securely tied off and fishing
line attached and tied to jetty in the Jock Marshall Reserve (JMR) Lake, where bag was submerged
undisturbed for 56 days. 3. After 56 days bag was retrieved from wetland and leaves were carefully
rinsed and placed into 3 separate paper bags to be dried for one week. 4. Dried leaves were retrieved
and weighed. The total tissue loss from initial weight before submersion until now was recorded.
Class inputs data and a class mean and standard deviation of tissue loss/ day was gathered for both
wetlands for each species
Results
Class input data into excel and a class mean and standard deviation was gathered from both
wetlands for each species. Excel was used to produce the mean and standard deviation for all data,
then graphed for ease of interpretation.
Figure [ 1 ]
Standard Deviation | Eucalyptus | Phragmite | Salix | JMR | 1.21 | 3.12 | 2.81 | Science Lake | 2.85 |
2.99 | 1.30 |

Disadvantages Of Bitter Gourd
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia as botanical name in the family of Cucurbitaceae) is a widely
popular vegetable grown extensively in several parts of India and in countries like Africa, China,
Caribean and Southeast asian regions(Cefalu et al,2008) and (Cousens, 2008).Bitter gourd is a
herbaceous climbing annual with ridged stems that grows up to 5 metre long. The plant usually
grows on trellis 180 cm in height and has a hairy stem with numerous branches and dense foliage.
The main varieties of bitter gourd grown in India are Arka Harit, Priyanka, Pusa Do Mausmi, VK–
1–Priya, Phule Green Gold, Priya, Preethi, Coimbatore Long, Phule Ujawala, Phule Priyanka and
Pride of Gujarat. Priyanka is the widely cultivated variety in South Kerala (Balachandran, 2011).
The average fruit yield varies from 8 to 10 t / ha (Baby joseph et al, 2013) and (Lee et al, 2009).
Various plant diseases pose a great threat to the agricultural sector by reducing the life of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bitter gourd is a good source of vitamin A, B, C, E and K, carbohydrates, phosphorus, Ca, Fe, Mg
and Na (Abascal et al, 2005). Bitter gourd fruit and leaves are being studied for their
hypoglycaemic, blood sugar lowering properties and ability to treat diabetes mellitus. The caloric
value for leaves, fruit and seed were 213.26, 241.66 and 176.61 Kcal/100g respectively (Baby
joseph et al, 2013). An extract of the leaves has anti–viral, anti–microbial and anti–bacterial
properties and also used in treating various diseases. The leaves are used for treatment of wide
variety of ailments such as diabetes, dysentery, rheumatism and gout, viral diseases, respiratory
ailments and effective for HIV Infection (Alis et al, 1988). There are various uses for bitter gourd
plant. Fruits are used as vegetables, juice, pickles and creams. Leaves are used for herbal tea.
Flowers are processed and marketed in cubes, flakes, strips, granules and powder

A Compare And Contrast Essay On Leaf Blowers
A leaf blower can influence tidying to up after Fall leaves that considerably simpler. Rather than
raking, merely flip the switch and the leaves are overwhelmed by an impact of air. Cleaning up an
expansive yard was at one time a throughout the daily task, yet now takes no longer than your most
loved show.
When settling on a leaf blower for your yard, you should pick between two essential writes. Take in
more of the advantages and disadvantages of each sort here.
Gas Leaf Blowers
Oil fueled leaf blowers are the first are as yet stable vendors. They work on gas or 2 cycle oil and
are cordless and sturdy. These leaf blowing machines are made for work and are somewhat more
substantial and more robust than their electric partners. Cost insightful, ... Show more content on
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If connecting to an electrical rope is unrealistic for any reason, these are your best decision.
Electric Leaf Blowers
The present electric leaf blowers are picking up in prominence. The initial ones were not known for
being astoundingly robust however the current models have made considerable progress in this
division. These leaf blasters work by connecting to an additional string and an outlet.
They radiate no emanations making them ecologically inviting. Lighter than their gas cousins, the
electrically controlled models are anything but difficult to convey and simple to utilize. To the extent
the cost goes, this kind of leaf machine is by and large more affordable with numerous great devices
costing under $100.
Who are the best for?
You would need to consider an electric blower on the off chance that you have a little yard or live in
a zone that managed outflows on yard hardware. For your average rural yard, these blowers are an
immaculate arrangement. Numerous even offer variable speed settings so you can alter the wind
stream as required for the activity.
Top Tips For Shopping For Walk Behind Leaf

Themes In The Gilded Six Bits
All That Glitters isn't Gold The word gild is most often defined as covered thinly with gold, be that
it may, a lesser known definition is to give an attractive but often deceptive appearance. Zora Neale
Hurston uses many references to both these meanings in "The Gilded Six Bits." Hurston was a
modernism author during the early 20th century. She uses several themes relative to Modernism,
including the idea of collectivism versus individualism and alienation, but particularly decadence.
The numerous references to the variations of gild within the "The Gilded Six Bits" truly shows the
use of decadence and that money cannot buy one's happiness. The specious story begins in the town
of Eatonville, Florida during the midst of the Great Depression. The narrator describes the home of
Missie May and Joe Banks, which is within the first all–black town incorporated in America, "It was
a Negro yard around a Negro house in a Negro settlement...But there was something happy about
the place. The front yard was parted in the middle by a sidewalk from gate to door step, a sidewalk
edged on either side by quart bottles driven neck down into the ground on a slant." (Hurston 884) At
first, one would just assume that this house resembles a happy, perfect home of a loving couple.
Everything is prim and proper, as it should be. The narrator leads on, "A mess of homey flowers
planted without a plan but blooming cheerily from their helter–skelter places. The fence and house
were whitewashed. The

Literary Analysis Of Robert Frost's Nothing Gold Can Stay
This poem was written by Robert Frost. It was written in America, in english. It was written when
people thought the world was going to end, around the 1920's.
The poem could be confessional, but it could also be a narrative. It tells a story of leaves and flowers
dying, and about children growing up, but the reason he wrote the poem is to tell the story of the
world ending. The poem also talks about Robert's political views, in a way. He's saying that he does
believe the world is going to end.
The title of the poem is Nothing Gold Can Stay. It conveys multiple meanings. Such as Spring, or
children growing up, or the world is going to end.
There is no repeating words in the poem, however Robert Frost does use an AA BB AA BB pattern
for his rhymes.
In the poem, a few months pass. It talks about the birth of spring and the ending of it. But if you
look at it from the children growing up perspective, then around 18 years pass. However if you look
at Nothing Gold Can Stay as a poem about the end of the world, than 9,500 years passes. He says
"So Eden sank to grief" in the Bible the Garden of Eden was created in the beginning, and man was
kicked out, so Eden sank to grief. Now, the world is ending and 9,500 years have passed, assuming
he believes in a young Earth.
There are no human characters in the poem, there are only leaves, flowers, and the Earth. Eden and
Nature are also characters.
Robert Frost doesn't leave out any details. He only uses his words in a way to convey

Happy Prince Personality
TERM PAPER ON "THE HAPPY PRINCE BY OSCAR WILDE" ARUN KUMAR #2011EE20510
INTRODUCTION:
The Happy Prince is an amazing short story by Oscar Wilde who is famous for Aesthetics
movement. Aestheticism was a cultural phenomenon popular in the middle of the 19th century. Its
basic theory was "art for art's sake ". Aestheticism placed art above life and held that life should
imitate art, not art imitate life. The story criticizes badly the people who have shallowness in their
character. It also brings out the life of low class public living in 19th century vs the middle "Town
Councillors", "The Mayor". The story seems to be directed for children but it has lot to learn for
adults too. It brings out quality of generosity. It shows that a spiritual, internal beauty is more
important than lavish decoration. Oscar Wilde has broad ranges of knowledge, exaggerate rhetoric
and the wonderful imagination in unconventional ways. In the 19th century the United Kingdom is a
conservation society. Oscar Wilde's unconventional is confrontation with the entire community.
Wilde's inclination to homosexuality is also seen in the quote "The Swallow kisses the lips of the
The Happy Prince".
CHARACTERS:
Major characters: 1–The Happy Prince: The Happy Prince is the character created by Oscar Wilde
which seems to be inanimate object but is seen to come to life in the story when his tears starts
dropping on The Swallow. The Happy Prince was a real live ... Show more content on
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From Wilde's point of view, the world of reality is full of evil, and the only purity land is kept in
people's deep heart, where we can get the true, purity beauty. In Wilde's fairy tales, the true
TERM PAPER ON "THE HAPPY PRINCE BY OSCAR WILDE" ARUN KUMAR

Transpiration and Leaf Resistance Essay
Transpiration and Leaf Resistance
By: Bernina Berber
Introduction Transpiration is a part of the water cycle process, and it is the loss of water vapor from
parts of the plants. It is a process similar to evaporation. Evaporation and diffusion cause the plant
tissue to have negative water potential. If you were to compare transpiration it would be like saying
it is close to sweating (but in plants), especially in leaves but also in stems, flowers and roots.
Stomata are dots with openings on top of the leaves surfaces, which in many plants have numerous
on the undersides of the foliage. The stomas are boarded by guard cells that open and close the pore.
Leaf transpiration happens through stomata, it is considered as a necessary need ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
We determined the relative humidity of the air with a psychrometer.
Materials and Methods Citrus leaves come from a very mature orange tree that is located on our
campus; of course they were chosen from a branch so not much damage was done to the tree. Once
taken from the branch it was wrapped with parafilm, where it remained throughout the entire
experiment. The segment was placed in a plastic bag with a moist paper towel and returned to lab
rapidly. We measured the first weights when we returned to the lab. The weights were recorded
every 30 seconds for 10 minutes and every 5 minutes for 35 minutes after that. During this time one
of the other lab partners (we were in groups of four) measured the relative humidity of the air with a
psychrometer. Measured temperature was 25° C and a vapor pressure of 3.165 kPa for the dry bulb.
A temperature of 13° C (55.4° F) and a vapor pressure of depression of 0.682 kPa was found for the
wet bulb. We were able to do this by a data table that was already provided for us. The equation RH
= [ kPa (depress) / kPa (dry)] was used to determine the relative humidity of 21.5 %. The area of the
leaves was found by cutting out paper tracings of all four leaves after the 45–minute weight
measurement period. The tracings were then weighed and the total weight was compared to values
on standard curve, which was also provided

The Pharmacognostic Characteristics between Spermacoce...
Spermacoce hispida L. is one of the important medicinal plants used in traditional systems of
medicine. It is observed that, several times it is difficult to differentiate the plant from the other
allied species from the same genus, Spermacoce, especially, when they are in drug form. Therefore,
the present study aims to document the differences in the pharmacognostic characters, preliminary
phytochemical analysis and polyphenolic contents from the leaves of four species belonging to the
genus Spermacoce, viz. S. hispida L., S. mauritiana O. Gideon, S. stricta L. and S. ocymoides Burm.
Transverse section passing through the midrib with lamina on either sides, epidermal characters, leaf
constants, organoleptic characters, physicochemical analysis, extractive values and preliminary
phytochemical analysis were carried out for all these species. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) by
Folin–Ciocalteu method and Total Flavonoids (TF) by AlCl3 method were also estimated from the
leaves of all these species. The results indicated that S. hispida can be clearly differentiated from the
other selected species on the basis of size and number of epidermal cells, size of trichomes, leaf
constants, physicochemical analysis and extractive values. However, it is also found that S. hispida
possess TPC at 6.88±0.34 mg CAE/g and 9.17±0.46 mg TAE/g. TF was at 5.98±0.30 mg QE/g. The
study will provide information with respect to identification and differentiation selected species of
genus Spermacoce.

Phytophthora Ramorum Susceptibility As Measure Of Leaf Age...
Phytophthora ramorum Susceptibility as Measure of Leaf Age by Primary Reservoir Host California
Bay Laurel
Abstrct
Sudden Oak Death, a disease caused by the protist Phytophthora ramorum has contributed
significantly to the degradation of Oak Woodland communities from Oregon to California since its
invasion in 1995, yet many questions remain about their primary reservoir host Umbellularia
.Californica. U. Californica leaves resulted in an increased susceptibility with from first to past years
leaf growth while the water content within the leaf had no influence on the magnitude of necrosis.
Introduction
Sudden Oak Death, a disease caused by the protist Phytophthora ramorum, is sweeping through
California, dismantling Oak Woodland communities. First observed in Germany and the
Netherlands infecting species of Rhododendron and Viburnum, symptoms of the pathogen include;
the browning of leaves, large bleeding cankers, and mortality in several species (Harmon). In the
Central Coast of California, host species include, but are not limited to, the Quercus sp.,
Notholithocarpus sp., and Umbellularia sp. Quercus and Notholithocarpus being terminal host and
Umbellularia being a reservoir host (DiLeo).
Within the genus Phytophthora, species have different morphology, but several have been associated
with oak mortality. For example, in California, P. cinnimomi, P. cactorum, and P. citricula can cause
root and crown rot in oaks. Proliferation of these Phytophthora sp. were seen in

The And The Leaf Blade
Petiole is the support that bind the leaf blade to the stem. It is the passage between the stem and the
leaf blade. Petiole ends where the blades begin. In a typical and carnivorous plant, the petiole is the
channel where the products of photosynthesis are moved from individual leaves to the rest of a
plant, making it an important part of photosynthesis. Lamina or blade, is the leaf tissue that
encompasses mesophyll cells, which contain chloroplasts, making its primary function
photosynthesis. The epidermis below or above the lamina contains stomata to facilitate gas
exchange. Moreover, the lamina in a typical and carnivorous plant contains xylem and phloem that
deliver water and nutrients and carry away the products of photosynthesis. Cuticle is a waxy
covering in the epidermal cells. Cuticles in a typical plant help reduce water loss and effectively
decrease the entry of pathogen due to their waxy secretion. The cuticle not only keep the plant
surfaces from becoming wet, it also helps prevent plants from drying out. In carnivorous plants, the
cuticle allows for nutrients to go directly into the tissues. The interior pitcher walls of Sarracenia
lack a cuticle which allows the nutrients from the pitcher fluids to enter the plant through its
specialized gaps in the cuticle. Trichomes on typical plants are outgrowths of the epidermis, such as
hair, scale, or water vesicle and can have a variety of functions. Root hairs are trichomes that
facilitate the absorption of water

Transpiration Lab Report
Transpiration with Solanum lycopersicum
Kimberly Smith
Jenna Portier, Aaliyah Hebert, Marie LaSalle, Krystal Bellanger, Thea Martin
September 11, 2017
Biology 156 3T1 Abstract
This lab deals with the transpiration rates in plants, specifically a tomato plant that was used for this
experiment. Transpiration is when water leaves a plant through the stomata as water vapor while the
stomata is capturing CO2 for photosynthesis. This experiment used three different scenarios: a
tomato plant with a light shining on it, a tomato plant with wind blowing on it from a fan, and lastly
a tomato plant with nothing acting on it. The hypothesis is that the rate of transpiration will be
fastest with light, faster with wind, and slow with the control. This hypothesis was rejected because
the rate of transpiration is as follows with the wind having the fastest rate: with light the rate was
7.60 mm/min, with wind 10.20 mm/min, and control 4.33 mm/min. The cause of the wind having a
faster transpiration rate than the light may have been due to the surface area of the leaves on the
tomato plants. The surface area of the leaves for the wind experiment is 8,124mm2, and for the light
is 7,740mm2.By doing this transpiration experiment it helps one to see what happens in plants daily
and understand why it happens. Introduction
What is transpiration? Transpiration is when a plant absorbs water in its roots and the root pressure
becomes high causing the plant to release the excess water as water vapor

Natural and Artificial Selection
Introduction
Many scientists in the past, such as Aristotle and Plato, believed that there were no changes in
populations; however, other scientists, such as Darwin and Wallace, arose and argued that species
inherit heritable traits from common ancestors and environmental forces drives out certain heritable
traits that makes the species better suited to survive or be more "fit" for that environment. Therefore,
species do change over a period of time and they were able to support their theory by showing that
evolution does occur. There were four basic mechanisms of evolution in their theory: mutation,
migration, genetic drift, and natural selection. Natural selection is the gradual process by which
heritable traits that makes it more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We randomly selected 10 plants to be our parent generation for the control group and we chose 10
plants to be the experimental group. For the experimental group, we chose the 10 plants that had the
longest first true leaf petiole lengths because that was what we were trying to manipulate in this
experiment. We then took sticks with wires on them and carefully placed it where our chosen plants
were in order to enhance the survival of our plants because the plants needed support in order to
grow. In this experiment, we are trying to see if petiole length is a heritable and variable trait, so the
experimental group should have longer petiole lengths in the second generation, when we replant,
and the control should have a random variance since we did not select for the longest petiole lengths
in our parent generation. After our parent generation plants have grown and the flowers started to
bloom, we had to cross pollinate our plants in order for them interbreed with one another (Freeman,
2002). As mentioned before, artificial selected trait may interbreed with one other in order to
reinforce that those desirable traits, in this case petiole length, will show up in the offspring
(Artificial Selection). We were able to interbreed our plants with one another by using a q tip. We
took the cotton swab of the end of the q tip and gently rubbed it around the highest

Reaction Paper On Punarnava
Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa L.) is a promising drug to rejuvenate new cells in body. It is well
known in Ayurvedic medicine and locally called Tambadivasu. Superficially it is similar to other
species of Boerhaavia and species of Trianthema and Sesuvium. Due to the minute morphological
differences, above plants are erroneously used in medicine as Punarnava, and at times on purpose as
an adulterant. Therefore, it is necessary to highlight the anatomical features of Punarnava for proper
identification of the medicinal plant species for local people and for scientific research. Due to the
ambiguity in local names and similar apparent appearance, market samples of Punarnava are often
adulterated with various species of Trianthema and Sesuvium. These adulterated samples contain
neither the Punarnavine alkaloid, nor does it possess anisocytic stomata. Comparative study of stem
anatomy showed two main characteristic differences. First, plenty of starch grains can be seen in
both the ground tissues and xylem parenchyma of Punarnava which is not observed in species of
Trianthema, and second, the phloem around the xylem of Punarnava root has semi–circular or ...
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It consisted of stomata and trichomes on both, upper and lower surface. SEM study of leaves
showed anisocytic stomata with uniseriate or multicellular trichome with enlarged globose or
elongated terminal cell in Boerhaavia diffusa, while paracytic stomata was observed in Trianthema
and Sesuvium (Figures 2A–D). Epidermis was followed by mesophyll tissue. It revealed
dorsiventral organization, comprising one–two stratum of palisade and about 3–4 layers of spongy
tissue (Figures 2E, F; 3A–D). Length and width of the palisade varied in different plant species.
They were measured from 50–72 mm length and 24–38 mm width in B. diffusa, and 33–48 mm
length and 24–26 mm width in T.

Essay On Ideotype Breeding
contributed to global agricultural productivity during the last century (Khush 2001; Duvick 2005).
This approach known as ideotype breeding involves the creation of a model plant with
characteristics that facilitate efficient photosynthesis, growth, and yield (grain and biomass)(Donald
1968; Hammer et al. 2009). In cereals, ideotypes include erect leaves, compact stalks, large
inflorescence (ear, panicle or head), compact or loose inflorescence, and reduced height. Ideotype
breeding also contributed to increased yield potential in maize, rice, and wheat during the green
revolution (Khush 2001). Increased grain yield in U.S corn has been attributed to adaptation of
maize hybrids to high planting densities through erect leaves (Duvick 2005; ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
However, its power is limited by population structure that causes spurious and synthetic
associations. Multi–parental mapping like the nested association mapping (NAM) and multiple
advanced generation intercrosses (MAGIC) reduce the confounding effect of historical population
structure and phenotypic variation through crosses between founder lines and common founder in
NAM and among founder lines in MAGIC. The balanced allele frequencies in the NAM population
also contribute to its high mapping power. Thus, it is an efficient approach for characterizing the
genetic basis of complex agronomic traits (Bouchet et al. 2017). Given that agronomic traits have
been subjected to generations of selection, knowledge of the genetic architecture can provide
insights on how selection has shaped the evolutionary history of the traits. Evidences of the impact
of selection on the evolution history of genetic architecture have been shown in fish(Cresko et al.
2004), dogs (Boyko et al. 2010), chicken (Carlborg et al. 2006), maize (Doebley 2004; Brown et al.
2011) and rice (McCouch et al. 2004; Ishii et al. 2013). Traits that have undergone recent selection
have been found to be under the control of large effects loci in maize (Brown et al. 2011; Truong et
al. 2015), rice (Ishii et al. 2013) and sorghum (Bouchet et al. 2017). Sorghum is an important staple
food crop in semi–arid and arid regions due to

Hemigrapsus Oregon Bags Essay
The Hemigrapsus oregonensis has a hard, flat shell in a rectangular shape and ranges from two to
five centimeters in length. The dorsal side of the shell ranges in colors from greenish–brown to dark
reddish–brown. The surface of the carapace is uneven and has patterns that resemble pebbles,
among which they are commonly found (Hart 1982). Decapods are characterized as having five
pairs of legs, the first pair are claws and the other 4 are walking legs (Jensen 1957). The H.
oregonensis has a total of 10 appendages, unless physical damages have caused loss to one or more
of them. There are five appendages underneath its shell on each side. It has two claws which are
larger than the legs and located in front of the legs. Its limbs and claws are an adaptation that aids in
avoiding predators and therefore, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Low (1967) noted in his experiment that when in a besin or tub, the crabs will tend to touch the
vertical surface with is hindmost legs as it perceives it as a "cover". When cover could not be found,
the crabs tend to gather in crowds and seek shelter by going underneath one another Low (1967).
This leads to piles of crab in a small area of the arena. The H. oregonensis is thigmotatic, it prefers
to remain in contact with substrata at all times using their hind legs Low (1967). In a bed of sand,
the crabs will stay along the edge of the arena walls instead of remaining in the middle of the arena
Low (1967). For the organism, anything they touch with their hind legs is considered as cover. This
behavior allows the crab to always remain close to cover in case they need to seek shelter when
attacked by a predator Low (1967). During the year when temperatures drop, the H. oregonensis
burrow underneath substrata, such as sand, to prevent freezing Low (1967). In Low's (1967)
experiment, the H. oregonensis preferred silt than to mud and sand as it allowed bury

Descriptive Essay About A Forest
It was a type of day where the sky didn't match the climate. The sky was bright blue like a silk blue
dress without the presence of a cloud within sight. The nearly bare trees shook only slightly, like a
lonely park swing, with every reoccuring gust that passed through them. The wind was crisp, yet
possessed a sharp unforgiving bitter cold covering me such as a plastic wrap, chilling me wherever
possible nearly to the bone. I took little hops down the old concrete steps to where they were little
less than my height. Then whilst holding the comforting and seemingly everlasting hand of my
mother, I proceeded with her to the car and we drove off.
As we drove I could see all the generic recurrent changes of the season surrounding me, mainly
relating to leaves. Kids and parents alike raking leaves into piles and jumping into them. Some
taking their leaf blowers and pushing them into the woods behind their house, some putting tarps in
the beds of their trucks and driving the leaves to a hill to dump them into the woods and let the big
mass of compressed chlorophyll deprived foliage tumble down the hill in huge wet clumps from rain
in the previous days. Children playing sports like football and soccer and scoring touchdowns and
such, then afterward jumping into the leaf piles whilst scoring a point and attempting to perform an
extravagant trick to impress their friends. It was a point in time where fall was in the air and bags of
leaves lined the tree belts by the dozens. And

Introduction. Photosynthesis Is A Vital Process For The
Introduction Photosynthesis is a vital process for the survival of all life on Earth. The byproduct of
photosynthesis, oxygen, profoundly contributes to the formation of the protective ozone layer
(Johnson, 2016). In addition to that, photosynthesis controls 99% of the Earth's ecosystem for every
organism requires energy to fulfill their metabolism ("Overview of Photosynthesis", 2013). Besides
providing essential energy and oxygen for living organisms, photosynthesis also plays an important
role in the planet's environment by decreasing the atmospheric carbon dioxide (Singhal, Renger,
Sopory, Irrgang, & Govindjee, n.d.). In fact, photosynthesis annually reduces more than 10% of the
total carbon dioxide in the air to chemical compounds ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inside the chloroplast are the disc–shaped thylakoids, and the aqueous space called stroma
("Overview of Photosynthesis", 2013). Chlorophyll are embedded within the thylakoid membrane,
and responsible for absorbing light ("Overview of Photosynthesis", 2013). Photosynthesis includes
two distinct stages: the initial light–dependent reaction in the thylakoid membrane, capturing solar
energy and producing ATP and NADPH; and the consequential Calvin Cycle in the stroma, using
ATP and NADPH to make carbohydrate ("Overview of Photosynthesis", 2013). A major component
of photosynthesis is the absorption of light. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation, and travels
in waves ("Light and photosynthetic pigments", n.d.). The distance between the tops of one wave to
the next wave is wavelength. In brief, the shorter wavelength indicates higher energy, and vice versa
("Light and photosynthetic pigments", n.d.). The electromagnetic spectrum visible to human eye
includes wavelengths between 400 nm to 700 nm ("Light and photosynthetic pigments", n.d.). Red
light has the longest wavelength, about 700 nm, therefore, carries the least energy; while violet is the
shortest wavelength (400 nm) with the highest amount of energy ("Light and photosynthetic
pigments", n.d.). The middle group ranging from low to high energy are orange, yellow, green, and
blue, respectively ("Light and photosynthetic pigments", n.d.). The main photosynthetic pigments
are

Comparative Study for Feature Extraction of Hevea Leaflet...
Rubber trees, or scientifically known as Hevea Brasiliensis from Euphorbiaceous family, are
particularly prevalent in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, southern part of India and the southwestern
part of Sri Lanka [1]. Today, rubber tree has been the main source of natural rubber for use
worldwide. It has high export potentials and is rated as one of the most profitable Agri–industrial
ventures [2]. Asian's well known Rubber tree boards are (RRIM) (Malaysia), RRII (India), RRIC
(Sri Lanka), and BPM (Thailand). For decades, these countries have sustained the clone
development process for maintaining a successful breeding program. Rubber tree boards have the
main role in recommending and distributing clones to the cultivators. One of the important factors
that could affect the properties of raw natural rubber is the clonal origin of the rubber tree [3]. The
process of clone inspection and verification is very critical because it is important for cultivators to
possess rubber clones that produce a high latex yield and having the desired properties in planting of
the rubber tree. One of the ways of clone identification is based on physical characteristics of leaves.
However, this clone verification method requires experts with adequate experience. Therefore, the
automation of this process is the subject of new research for clone classification. Plant classification
and recognition methods are being performed on plant components such as flowers, leaves, and
barks of leaves [3].

Argumentative Essay: Returning Student To Elmira University
Hundreds of soaring eagles flocked to Elmira Thursday morning, as Elmira College welcomed new
and returning students to campus. The college is welcoming more than 300 students to campus.
When WENY News asked a few of them what they're most excited for, their answer may surprise
you. "To be honest, I really just wanted to see snow," said student Mohammed Chowdhury of West
Palm Beach, Florida. The incoming freshman will be known as the Brilliant Class of 2019, and
nearly 40% of them will participate in athletics. The brilliant class hails from 19 states and 11
countries. Many of them will add to nearly 35% of students that are the first in their family to attend
college. "I'm lucky because if I wasn't then we wouldn't have the money

The Use Of Magnetite Nanoparticles And Its Effects On The...
The XRD results revealed the presence of magnetite nanoparticles and indicated their sizes from 30
– 40 nm (Figure 1a). SEM micrograph clearly illustrates that the magnetite nanoparticles sizes
varied from 27.3– 34.62 nm (Figure 1b).
Leaf fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW)
FW and DW of peppermint leaves decreased in different concentrations of NaCl (Table 1). Several
factors such as reduction of photosynthesis, degradation of cell membranes, reducing of plant
available water and Na+ accumulation in the leaves were the main causes of weight loss under salt
stress (Hajiaghaei–Kamrani et al., 2013). Also results showed that Fe2O3NPs treatments increased
the FW and DW values as compared to the control plants. The highest value of leaf FW and DW at
all concentrations of NaCl were observed in 30 µM of Fe2O3NPs (Table 1). Iron was directly
involved in the photosynthetic activity of plants and, consequently, their growth and productivity.
Typically, approximately 80% of iron was found in photosynthetic cells where it was essential for
the biosynthesis of cytochromes and other heme containing molecules, including chlorophyll, the
electron transport system, and the construction of Fe–S clusters (Briat et al., 2007). Nano
compounds quickly absorb by plants and supply required nutrients for the plants. Therefore, increase
in plant growth occurs with use of nano materials (Mohamadipoor et al., 2013). Shankramma et al.
(2015) reported that Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles enhanced the

Essay on A Day in the Forest
A Day in the Forest
It was a calm, overcast day, and I found myself resting at the side of a large oak tree, admiring the
beauty of the woods that surrounded me.
The sunless sky covered the woods over the treetops which created a canopy over my head. The
crimson and auburn foliage was a magnificent sight, as this was the season known as Fall. There
was a gentle breeze, creating the single sound of rustling leaves. The leaves appeared as though they
were dying to fall out of the tree and join their companions on the forest floor. Together with pine
needles and other flora the leaves formed a thick springy carpet for me to walk upon.
In the distance, the trail along which I had been walking wound through a thick ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet were being held down, giving a silent rhapsody of joy and grieving. Along the way fallen timber
accompanied thickets of weeds. A lazy mist hazed my vision, making the horizon seem like one
from a story book. The area was imperturbable, as if it was keeping a secret hidden deep within
itself.
Resting underneath the shade of the trees, I found myself appreciating the scent of pine needles; the
ambiance of Christmas. Encompassed by the thick heavy air, I watched as a single sparrow fluttered
high above the emerald forest. A few feet next to me an eager chipmunk hastily scampered from tree
to tree, awaiting the chill of winter. The forest, I realized, was home to many wild creatures. In
giving protection and food, the forest was gladly rewarded with the company of these animals.
Beyond the horizon, I could see the community of newly formed saplings. They appeared as little
children, learning under the guidance of their grown and fully matured parents.
The forest was pure and clean, as though it had never been disturbed by man and his vicious life
killing machines. Peacefully sleeping under the dark gray sky, the community of mighty timber had
not a care in the world.
As I left behind the somber forest, I now recognized an appreciation for nature that I did not realize I
had. I now knew there was more to nature than just trees and animals, but also I found the

Characteristics Of Japanese Maple Trees
Japanese Maple trees are a great edition to any yard. They are an elegant looking tree, with soft,
delicate looking leaves that can add dimensionality to your yard. To keep your Japanese Maples in
good health, you need to be aware of the three most common tree disease that infected Japanese
Maple trees as well as what to do about these diseases.
Anthracnose Disease
Anthracnose disease is caused by fungus and generally affected Japanese Maple Trees that are
planted in areas that are warm and experience frequent humidity.
Disease Characteristics
On your Japanese maple, the most common visual sign of Anthracnose are small spots on the leaves.
These spots are usually either yellow or brown in color. The spots start out dotting your leaves. Over
time, the spots expand until they cover up almost the entire leaf.
Yellow or brown spots can also appear on the twigs on your trees. They generally appear on new
growth.
Treatment
Prevention is the key with anthracnose. Make sure to not overwater plants. Do not get the leaves wet
when watering; use a drip sprinkler instead to water your trees. Put compost around the base of your
Japanese Maples to keep the soil healthy.
To get rid of anthracnose once it is present, usually copper–based fungicides are used to kill off the
fungus. Infected branches can also be pruned off your trees. All clippings from your Japanese Maple
should be disposed of in the trash, and not left to compost in your yard to prevent the spread of

Tuckerville Alternate Ending
"Where did he go?" murmured Tucker.
"He couldn't have gone far," said Spencer, stomping noisily through the forest.
"Well, we won't find him as long as someone keeps making so much noise," Tess growled, poking
Spencer in the side with one of her horns.
"Listen," Tucker murmured, shushing them.
They quieted down and listened to the sounds of the valley and the forest around them.
Suddenly, they heard a soft sobbing sound coming from just over the hill in an area covered with
brush and dead old trees.
Quietly, they walked towards the sound. They came up on an old hollowed out tree, peeked in the
hole and there was Brodie. Curled up and crying.
"Brodie?" asked Tess, looking into the hole.
"Go away," sobbed Brodie.
Tess sighed, "We won't let you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"It's time Brodie," his papa said, standing next to him.
Brodie nodded and tossed the star leaf up into the air.
The star leaf began to spin with a shimmering glow as it flew higher and higher into the sky.
Brodie smiled, closed his eyes and made a very special wish. When he opened his eyes again, there
was a brand new bright, twinkling star in the sky.
Brodie's very own wishing star! "Mama must have given me another star," he thought with a smile.
"What did you wish for?" his friends asked.
Brodie laughed and shook his head. "If I tell you, it won't come true!"
They laughed and started to play with Brodie's goo ball until it was bed time.
That night, Brodie didn't fuss or complain when he had to go to bed. He wasn't afraid of the dark
anymore. And, if he ever started to feel afraid, all he had to do was look up at the night sky and find
his twinkling star that his Mama gave him to be reminded that everything was all right.
Brodie had conquered his fears and learned some very important lessons along the way. Not only
did he learn that he no longer had to be afraid of the dark, but he also learned that when you work
together and help each other, anything is

A Response On Nozick 's Conception Of Knowledge
Emmaline DiPace
Professor Theodore Korzukhin
PHIL 10100
October 29, 2016
A Response to Nozick's Conception of Knowledge In everyday life, people often claim knowledge
of various facts and experiences. However, despite the regularity of such claims, it is difficult to
articulate what knowledge specifically is and what conditions are necessary to constitute knowledge
of a specific fact or event. One set of conditions for knowledge, known as justified true belief, states
that a person knows something if that thing is true, if they believe it, and if they are justified in
believing it (Gettier 345). This theory, however, was shown to be problematic by the philosopher
Edmund Gettier. By proposing two examples, Gettier showed that the conditions of justified true
belief are not sufficient to establish knowledge (345–346). Although Gettier found this flaw, he did
not propose any alternate conditions of knowledge to add to or replace those of justified true belief
(346). This is where Nozick's idea of knowledge, presented in ""Knowledge" from Philosophical
Explanations," becomes relevant. Nozick's conditions for knowledge attempt to define knowledge
without being swayed by cases such as the Gettier examples. In this paper, I will first summarize
Nozick's conception of knowledge as well as some of the reasoning for including each condition. I
will then try to find an example to show that Nozick's conditions, although more widely applicable
to knowledge than justified true

Descriptive Essay About Home
My definition for home cannot be described by words or by a simple thought, but home is rather of a
feeling. Home is the calmness and serenity that settles over me like a blanket on a cold snowy night,
just a silent assurance telling me I belong there. It took me quite a bit of time to understand where
exactly that place was, and I didn't know that the answer was always right in front of me. This
feeling would come and go, and I would never recognize it because I knew that only the house I
lived in was my home. I never realized that the place I lived was not my home, that home was in
fact more than what the words in the dictionary say.
When I was younger, I lived in the Philippines, my backyard were the rice fields and I would ...
During lunch, my grandma and mother would cook in the kitchen and set up the food in the big
picnic basket to later share with everyone. We would walk along to the field and my job was to carry
the cold water jug. As we reached the field, all the farmers would smile and greet us, and some
would even admire me for being such a helper. At lunchtime, I sat there along with all those
workers, eating with them and listening. Their conversations mostly consists of the weather and how
they could improve the rice farm. Often, I would make a comment saying, "Don't worry, I will
help", and they loved me. I was the farm's little helper–––this was my home.
There was a tiny pond with a small bridge in beside our old house. The water was so clear that you
could see your reflection, just like a mirror. The summer was the fishing season; I was on a mission.
I had my bright–pink, half gallon bucket in one hand and a little piece of mosquito net on the other. I
wore my shorts and my favourite T–shirt, with my long hair tied back, a true fisher look, I thought. I
put my biggest toe in first to check the temperature of the water, but I always ended up soaking
myself all the way, up to my head trying to catch the fish –– now that's working hard! My friends
and I filled that bright–pink bucket full and our hearts were filled with the sense of

Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
PRACTICAL 6
Seed Plants (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms)
OBJECTIVES: 1. To describe the features of seed plant life cycle and the concept of the dominant
generation. 2. To describe the life histories and related reproductive structures of gymnosperms and
angiosperms. 3. To summarize the features that distinguish gymnosperms and angiosperms. 4. To
discuss the advantages of seed plants to dominate land and their evolutionary adaptations on land.
EXPERIMENT 1: Gymnosperms
INTRODUCTION:
Gymnosperms (720 species in 65 genera) are ancient seed plants that include ginkgos (Division
Ginkgophyta), cycads (Division Cycadophyta), conifers (Division Coniferophyta), and gnetophytes
(Division Gnetophyta). The term gymnosperm derives from the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
You will find that many of the vegetative structures are quite similar to those of more ancient plants
shown. The roots, stems, and leaves of flowering plants function just as those of ferns and cone
bearing plants. Flowers and fruits, however are unique adaptations of angiosperms. Biologists
believe that the extraordinary adaptiveness of these structures has led to the proliferation of the
incredible diversity found among flowering plants.
MATERIALS: 1. Living specimens of angiosperms (dicots & monocots) with roots, stems,
leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. (Imperata cylindrical, zea mays, Carica papaya, Phaseolus sp.) 2.
Prepared slide of angiosperms (dicots & monocots) 3. Compound microscope 4. Dissecting
microscope 5. Slide and coverslip 6. Forceps 7. Distilled water
PROCEDURE:
Roots:
1. A root of dicots and monocots are obtained for morphology and anatomy study. 2. The root
systems of representative dicot and monocot are looked. 3. Cross section of dicot root shows the
central stele is surrounded by a thick cortex and epidermis. The following: epidermis, cortex,
parenchyma cells, starch grains, pericycle, endodermis, phloem, and xylem are identified. 4. Cross
section of monocot roor shows this root has a vascular cylinder of xylem and phloem that surrounds
a central pith. The following: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, Casparian strip, pith, phloem, and
xylem are identified. 5. A prepared

Botanical Garden
Botanical Garden Experience We went to Nezahat Gökyiğit botanical garden a day in a week for 4
hours. We had many kinds of experience related education of children. Firstly, botanical garden is
attractive and mysterious area. Primary and secondary students visit the garden as a trip and
observation with their class and teacher. It is possible children do activities and games. Stepping
grass is free and touching soil provide students to learn with nature. There are 2 trainer, Sema Çevik
and Nurhan Ay. They supplied and quite helped us about learning the plants' secrets and their
features. At the beginning of the our volunteer period, we prepared some materials for middle school
students in addition to this, cutting cardboard and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the students find and bring. While we are near the end of activity, i say the children " you
are free to lie on the grass and close your eyes, listen to the nature!" This was a good and best
remembered experience for me. Before the being teacher, i observed the difficulties of the
occupation. FINAL PAPER Nezahat Gökyiğit botanical garden is not only a garden but also is
educational institution. I was very excited before the coming here. What can we make here ? Are
there any work for us ? How people is the Garden personal ? All of them are respetful about us. We
tried to learn and observe. Our focus point is constructed on the experience at the out of the class.
When our duty was finished, we have many information about trees, plants and the else others. I
know that i absolutely use the knowledge when i become a

Beneficial Properties of Edible Weeds
All too often, homeowners and gardeners wage war in their lawns and gardens against the plants
that grow incredibly well there, but that aren't intentionally planted, and many times, the
justification for these battles all comes down to the words we use to describe them.
When we buy and plant packets of common flower, vegetable, or herb seeds, we spend a lot of time,
energy, and water in our efforts to get those seeds to germinate and grow, and take pride in our green
thumb and homegrown food supply.
But when a plant that we identify as being a weed is found growing in our lawn or garden, out
comes the trowel and hoe (or for the ruthless and impatient gardeners, weedkillers such as
RoundUp), and we may spend the entire growing season keeping these opportunistic and resilient
plants at bay, in order to have neat and tidy garden beds and uniform lawns. And it's too bad, really,
as many of the common garden weeds are not only edible and nutritious, but can be a great
homegrown (and free) addition to our meals.
Part of the resistance to eating plants that we believe to be weeds, in my opinion, is that we are
conditioned to only consider the items we find in the grocery store as food, and not things that the
rest of the neighborhood sees as unwelcome invaders in lawns and gardens. And unless we've been
exposed to eating plants that are seen as common garden weeds, and had them prepared for us, we're
probably not likely to try to eat them on our own. Once in a while, we might

Tomato Plant
TOMATO PLANT 1)
Seed: Tomato seeds are small, flat and disk shaped and about 1/8 inch wide. They contain two
energy storage organs called cotyledons and an embryo encased in a hard outer shell called the seed
coat. The seed is the dormant or resting stage of the plant life cycle. When young tomato plants are
damaged, they tend to go into a dormant, survival stage in which plant growth is delayed for a
while. Frost damage is something to look out for when planting tomatoes early on in the season.
Frost damage is marked by tender, dark green spots on the leaves. Although they won't kill the plant,
frostbites will make them dormant for a while, delaying plant growth. During the germination
process, the seed absorbs moisture and nutrients ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have their own definite shape and arrangement in plants according to their requirements.
Leaves trap energy from sunlight and convert it into pure compounds. For this the leaves are
arranged on the stem in a way that they are exposed mostly in the sunlight. i) Leaves help in the
process of plant cellular respiration. Plant cellular respiration carried out in the daylight is called
photorespiration, or light respiration. The plant uses a portion of the oxygen created by
photosynthesis. Since the process of photosynthesis produces more oxygen than the plant can use,
the excess is released into the air through the stomata, tiny air holes in the leaves. The plant takes its
sugars directly from what is being produced by photosynthesis. 5) Food Making: j) Photosynthesis:
the process of producing and releasing oxygen in the air. Photosynthesis is performed by the plants
to produce their own food. The process of Photosynthesis requires direct sunlight, carbon–dioxide
and water (H2O). In the process of Photosynthesis, the plants decompose the molecules of hydrogen
and carbon–dioxide into hydrogen, carbon and oxygen to produce glucose which forms the source
of their energy, growth and food. This involves the conversion of stored energy of the sunlight,
water and carbon–dioxide into glucose which is an organic compound and release oxygen in the
process. k) Importance of photosynthesis: Plants are the only living things that produce their own
food.

The Use of Images in William Carlos Williams', The Young...
The Use of Images in William Carlos Williams', The Young Housewife
As is typical of most Modernist poetry, William Carlos Williams uses very specific images in "The
Young Housewife" to reveal not merely a particular circumstance or event, but to also suggest
underlying themes and ideas of his subject matter. For example, he gives to the reader various real
and imagined images, such her moving about in negligee behind closed doors, or her going about
her daily affairs, that are at once very seductive and suggestive of ideas that supercede their
appearances. These images especially accentuate the young housewife's naturalness and beauty.
However, they are quickly contrasted by a comparison drawn by Williams of the young lady to a ...
If the leaves are separated from the tree, they quickly lose their color and texture, drying up until
they are brown and brittle, and die.
Taking this into consideration, we can now move on to what we know about Williams' young
housewife. Truthfully, very little is mentioned about her except, of course, her relative age and her
marital status (for some reason these two things just seem to jump out of the text). It is very clear,
however, that Williams does not limit the young housewife to these two aspects of her life, but also
emphasizes other aspects–in particular her natural beauty and sexuality, and her separation and
isolation from the outside world.
It is evident that "The Young Housewife" is a very sexually charged poem. Through its subject
matter, its language, its imagery, and even its use of phrasing, Williams accentuates the young
housewife's seductive and almost unrestrained nature. For instance, He describes her moving about
behind closed doors, dressed in negligee, or going to the curb un–corseted to call ice–man, or
allowing her hair to hang freely, only periodically tucking it in. All of these images suggest strongly
that the young housewife is a natural and unrestrained character. She is free any imposed social
constraints that has the power to squelch her pristine and almost wild nature.
This sense of unrestraint of the young housewife, however, is purely essential, and not actual or

Water Simulation Lab Report
Introduction Water is the most abundant resource on the planet and is one that is vital to all living
organisms. Plants especially depend greatly on water and contain structures in their body in order to
use the water efficiently. Water relations is a research field that deals with investigating how
environmental factors affect the plant's usage of the water (Bot 201L lab manual, 2016). A study was
conducted to see how low water in the soil affected the uptake of water in Alfalfa leaves and if it had
any effect on the plant's photosynthesis rate. (Abid et al, 2016). It was found that there was a
correlation between the photosynthesis rate and the amount of water the leaves would uptake since
the stomata on the alfalfa leaves would remain closed (Abid et al, 2016). Since the stomata would
close more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stomata closure is a coping strategy that plants use when there is low water available in the soil
which prevents cavitation in the vessels of the xylem (Huber, 2015). It is also found that stomatal
closure not only helps regulate transpiration in plants that have low water availability, but it also
increases its water use efficiency (Huber, 2015). Wind is also considered to be a factor that affects
transpiration in plants. Another study observed the effects of stomatal distribution (such as
amphistomatous leaves) in leaves of a plant in low wind environments (Foster, 1986). The
experiment found that amphistomatous leaves had the greatest transpiration rate at low wind speeds
while hyperstomatous leaves had a higher transpiration rate than the hypostomatous leaves (Foster,
1986). Leaves contain what is called a boundary layer that can be defined as a still layer of fluid
containing gasses and liquid that surround the leaf that affects the movement of CO2 and water in
the leaves depending on its thickness (Bot 201L lab manual, 2016). In this study, the effects of wind
will be observed on the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in the leaves of

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