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Chocolate!
What is the
name of your
favorite kind in
the chat bar!
Sorry!!!!!
I am sure I made you hungry!!
You’ll see, it was all for
a good cause!
Today, you will write the
introduction and conclusion for
to your research paper!
A research paper typically
includes these sections:
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Discussion
• Conclusion
You have written these
parts of your research
paper:
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Discussion
• Conclusion
Today you will write
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Discussion
• Conclusion
Introduction
• Opening Sentence
– Grab the attention of your reader
– Make them want to read more!
Sentences in between
• Closing Sentence
– Thesis Statement*
– States your stance/recommendation for your
reader (the rest of the paper will literally expand
on this one sentence – you’ll see!)
SO… BACK to chocolate!
SO… BACK to chocolate!
Sorry!!!
A little-known fact…
According to Forbes (2020), Americans consume
an average of 11 pounds of chocolate per
person per year.
According to Forbes (2020), Americans consume
an average of 11 pounds of chocolate per
person per year.
Did you know that?!
(By the way, there are resources
about the
Opening Sentence
on page 60 of your manual!
Flip to it!)
Can you find all the elements of an
opening sentence here?
According to Forbes (2020), Americans
consume an average of 11 pounds of
chocolate per person per year.
Hint: here are the elements:
• a surprising, disturbing, little-known, or
wonderful fact
• a statistic
• an in-text citation
Wait!
I found it,
but I don’t
know how
to DO it!
In-text citations!
In-text citations need
Who wrote it When
Two ways to cite:
(p. 33-38 in manual)
author names are part of the sentence
(narrative format)
author names and date of publication
are not part of the sentence
(parenthetical format)
Remember….
Who wrote it When
Examples
One Author
Research by Smith (2004) found…
Recent research (Smith, 2004) found…
Two Authors
Research by Wager and Petty (1994) found...
Paraphrased material (Wager & Petty, 1994).
Which way of citing is used here?
According to Forbes (2020), Americans
consume an average of 11 pounds of
chocolate per person per year.
Now YOU write an opening sentence
on YOUR topic.
This will open your research paper!
Expect to spend 20-40 minutes on this one
sentence!!! Surprising, but true!!
Break time!
Please read the top of p. 61
in your manual
What is a thesis statement?
The Thesis Statement:
Justifying Your Stance Based on
Research
The thesis statement
Is the driving force of your paper based on
research
Contains no opinions or generic and broad
advice
Contains your stance on the topic based on
research.
The Thesis Statement:
Justifying Your Stance Based on
Research
The thesis statement
Is the driving force of your paper based on
research
Contains no opinions or generic and broad
advice
Contains your stance on the topic based on
research.
The Thesis Statement
Justifying Your Stance Based on
Research
The thesis statement
Is the driving force of your paper based on
research
Contains no opinions or generic and broad
advice
Contains your stance on the topic based on
research.
The Thesis Statement
Justifying Your Stance Based on
Research
The thesis statement
Is the driving force of your paper based on
research
Contains no opinions or generic and broad
advice
Contains your stance on the topic based on
research.
General Formula
topic +
your stance on the topic +
how your stance is supported by research
(citation) =
your thesis statement
Formula
topic +
your stance on the topic +
how your stance is supported by research
(citation) =
your thesis statement
General Formula
topic +
your stance on the topic +
how your stance is supported by research
(citation) =
your thesis statement
General Formula
topic +
your stance on the topic +
how your stance is supported by research
(citation) =
your thesis statement
General Formula
topic +
your stance on the topic +
how your stance is supported by research
(citation) =
your thesis statement
Now,
Let’s
write
YOURS
on YOUR
topic!
Expect to spend 25 -45
minutes on this. This is a
hard one, because it is
the outline to your
paper!!!
See samples on
pp 61-63
Take a BREATH!!!
Where in the
Opening
Paragraph
does the
thesis
statement go?
Where in the
Opening Paragraph
does it go?
It’s the LAST
sentence of the
Opening Paragraph
(and helps you to
organize your
paper!)
Now, you have the two “BOOKENDS!”
Your opening sentence
Now, you have the two “BOOKENDS!”
Your opening sentence
Your thesis statement
and
Green = Opening sentence meant to grab reader’s attention
Red = Sentences in between that are needed to transition from
Green to Blue
Blue = Recommendation based on research
Food fraud has been identified in multiple communities,
and in some cases there is a rise in this fraudulent behavior
with the increase in different needs regarding food types
(Northern District of Iowa, 2019this s). Food fraud refers to
the deliberate alteration of food, related ingredients, or
packaging, as well as the creation of false or deceptive
assertions about a product in order to profit financially
(Spink & Moyer, 2011, as cited in Levy, 2020). This fraud
can cause damage to consumers’ health, or can affect entire
supply chains (Northern District of Iowa, 2019). Food fraud
has been found in the research and in (popular press/relevant
journals) to be a threat to public health as well as to the
economy. Due to food fraud’s threats to segments of
business as well as communities, government and food,
organizations should install more efficient legislature such as
(name of policy with citation) to oversee and regulate the
food chains operated by independent providers such as
farmers and sole proprietors.
Please
write your
opening
paragraph
in color!
• Start with your opening
sentence
• Have red sentences in the
middle
• End with your thesis
statement
Conclusion Paragraph
• Most students overthink this but think of it
like a mirror image of your introduction
paragraph.
So…
Turn the opening paragraph upside down!
Conclusion Paragraph
Turn the opening paragraph upside down!
Food fraud has been identified in multiple communities, and in
some
cases there is a rise in this fraudulent behavior with the increase
in
different needs regarding food types (Northern District of Iowa,
2019).
Food fraud refers to the deliberate alteration of food, related
ingredients, or packaging, as well as the creation of false or
deceptive
assertions about a product in order to profit financially (Spink
&
Moyer, 2011, as cited in Levy, 2020). This fraud can cause
damage to
consumers’ health, or can affect entire supply chains (Northern
District
of Iowa, 2019). Food fraud has been found in the research and
in
(popular press/relevant journals) to be a threat to public health
as well
as to the economy. Due to food fraud’s threats to segments of
business
as well as communities,government and food, organizations
should
install more efficient legislature such as (name of policy with
citation)
tooversee and regulate the food chains operated by independent
providers such as farmers and sole proprietors.
Conclusion Paragraph
Turn the opening paragraph upside down!
Due to food fraud’s threats to segments of business as well as to
communities, government and food, organizations should install
more
efficient legislature such as (name of policy with citation) to
oversee
and regulate the food chains operated by independent providers
such as
farmers and sole proprietors. Food fraud has been found in the
research
and in (popular press/relevant journals) to be a threat to public
health as
well as to the economy. This fraud, as seen in the research (cite
all
research studies from the literature review), can cause damage
to
consumers’ health, or can affect entire supply chains (Northern
District
of Iowa, 2019). The (recommended action) is necessary, as food
fraud
has been identified in multiple communities, and in some cases
there is
a rise in this fraudulent behavior with the increase in different
needs
regarding food types (Northern District of Iowa, 2019).
1
Assessment
Part One: Comparative Analysis
1. Compare and Contrast
a. Methodology
It is important to note that Boylan and Hull (2022) utilized
qualitative research design to
gain more in-depth insight into how fraudulent activities
manifest in accounting. However, both
T&R Staff (2022) and Associated Press (2022) are secondary
sources that rely on the utilization
of primary data to make their conclusions. Therefore, the
methodological comparison is greatly
different between these sources, but T&R Staff (2022) and
Associated Press (2022) are similar to
each other.
b. Findings
Both T&R Staff (2022) and Associated Press (2022) find that
there is a substantial risk
behind cryptocurrencies due to the potential of fraudulence and
volatility if left unregulated.
However, all three sources (Boylan & Hull, 2022; T&R Staff,
2022; Associated Press, 2022)
recognize the great opportunity offered by block chain
technology, which is increased
accountability.
c. Recommendations
The study (Boylan & Hull, 2022) suggests using block chain
technology to improve
accountability and recommends its use to combat fraudulent
activities. However, both T&R Staff
(2022) and Associated Press (2022) acknowledge that there are
risks associated with the current
state of cryptocurrencies, which is why they suggest adopting
the technology but not the existing
forms of electronic money.
Part Two: Review
2
Fraud and Block Chain
Fraudulence is a core problem in accounting and finance
overall, which has ethical,
economic, and legal implications. Boylan and Hull (2022) assert
that prevention of fraud is
impossible to prove, and fraudulent activities can be reduced
through the use of automatic
identification system (AIS) systems. In contrast, T&R Staff
(2022) claims that the wild volatility
of cryptocurrencies makes them unappealing as a solution to the
issue. Similarly, such currencies
carry their own host of fraudulence, such as pyramid schemes
(Associated Press, 2022). In other
words, electronic solutions are possible, but the existing ones
are problematic.
Accountability Through Block Chain
It should be noted that fraudulence in finance is best combatted
through transparency,
accountability, and openness. Recent developments in money
and payment methods, such as
instant payment systems and stable coins, are two examples of
innovations that have the
potential to have far-reaching implications. It is reported that
there are five technological systems
that can help in the improvement of the accounting role (Boylan
and Hull, 2022). According to
Boylan and Hull (2022), the use of block chain can improve
accountability, which leads to a
reduction in the rate of fraudulent activities. Similarly,
cryptocurrencies can help ordinary
citizens to fight inflation, but with a surge in demand, new
forms of fraudulence take place as a
result. However, on the contrary, some experts suggest that “the
wild volatility in
cryptocurrencies’ value has made it easy for many corporate
treasurers to ignore the opportunity
hidden behind the substantial risk” (T&R Staff, 2022, para. 2).
In other words, one should not
dismiss cryptocurrencies entirely, because they bring a higher
level of accountability despite
their flaws.
Block Chain is the Answer
3
By reviewing the literature, it is evident that the answer to
fraudulence and other major
accounting issues is block chain technology, not
cryptocurrencies. The study (Boylan & Hull,
2022) suggests using block chain technology to improve
accountability and recommends its use
to combat fraudulent activities. On the contrary, both T&R Staff
(2022) and Associated Press
(2022) acknowledge that there are risks associated with the
current state of cryptocurrencies,
which is why they suggest adopting the technology but not the
existing forms of electronic
money.
4
References
Associated Press. (2022, January 22). Bitcoin pyramid schemes
wreak havoc on Brazil’s ‘New
Egypt.’ Market Watch.
https://www.marketwatch.com/story/bitcoin-pyramid-schemes-
wreak-havoc-on-brazils-new-egypt-01642870663
Boylan, D. H., & Hull, J. E. (2022). Have accounting
information systems significantly helped in
detecting fraudulent activities in accounting? The Journal of
Applied Business and
Economics, 24(3), 45-56.
https://www.proquest.com/openview/6e001b2172b0df47a6a938b
044975b5d/1?pq-
origsite=gscholar&cbl=38282
T&R Staff. (2022, May 10). Digital currencies underpin a sci-fi
future for treasury. ALM:
Treasury and Risk.
https://www.treasuryandrisk.com/2022/05/10/digital-currencies-
underpin-a-sci-fi-future-for-treasury/?slreturn=20220930184148
Welcome!
This is an exciting day!
You will be completing the literature review
section of your research paper!
Congratulations! Remember, you are done
with part 2 of the literature review!
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
Review of Literature
Analysis of Literature
Now, let’s write Part 1!
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
Review of Literature
Analysis of Literature
You have DETAILED
instructions on that
on page 42 of your manuals
Ready, Set, GO! Use page 42
as a sample
Workshop! please use the QR code,
1. download the form to your desktop
2. fill it out
(also found on page 44 of your Resource manuals)
3. put the pieces together to draft YOUR
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
(now! before going to the next slide!)
Congratulations! you are done with parts
1 AND 2 of the literature review!
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
Review of Literature
Analysis of Literature
Now, let’s write Part 3!
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
Review of Literature
Analysis of Literature
Please pull up your assignment where you
compared and contrasted your articles
Please make that into an elegant paragraph, now.
Congratulations! you are done with parts
1 AND 2 AND 3 of the literature review!
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
Review of Literature
Analysis of Literature
Now put the parts together in 1, 2, 3 order
Use the QR code, and download the checklist to your
desktop as a Word Document.
Fill it out to ensure you have everything
2. Add a title page and a references page
3. Submit your Literature Review
4. Feel VERY proud of yourself!
Now …
1. Add a title page and a references page
2. Submit your Literature Review and the checklist
3. Feel VERY proud of yourself!
1
Discussion: Bitcoin Pyramid Schemes Wreak Havoc on Brazil’s
‘New Egypt’
Student Name
Department, Institution
Course Title
Instructor Name
Due Date
Discussion
Traders and major corporations have disseminated a message
requesting people to refer a friend to a given website or rather a
platform so that they can earn some money from every
successful referral. Bitcoin is a risky business, as any other
business, and those online traders may know today. Bitcoin
pyramid schemes are full of fraudulent activities that schemers
use to get money from people by offering incentives to
recruiters who bring in new members into the scheme. For
example, Bitcoin investors are at risk of losing their money in
the blockchain environment (Boylan and Hull, 2022). The
advancements in technology have enhanced trade and
transactions as well as investment in the form of
cryptocurrency. Dealing with cryptocurrency has its benefits
and challenges just as dealing with any other business. A lot of
people are venturing into cryptocurrency as it seems convenient,
not knowing that they are creating weak links for attackers to
penetrate and fraud them from their unsecured funds (BBC
News, 2022). Law enforcement is doing all it can to minimize
fraud in the business of cryptocurrency. The law protects those
who are potential victims of theft in fraud in cryptocurrency.
Therefore, organizations need to understand the problems of
bitcoins so that they protect the finances of the clients who
invest in cryptocurrency.
Mitigation
The increasing investment by people in the line of
cryptocurrencies, such as bitcoin, has resulted in numerous risks
of losses. For example, Zhang et al., (2021) conducted research
on a traditional investment scam known as the Ponzi scheme.
Clients are unaware that investing in numerous Ponzi Schemes
put their money at high risk of loss. The research proposed
system of detecting Ponzi Schemes has been put into use today
by several professionals. This system uses a smart contract
Ponzi scheme identification method that is based on the
lightGBM algorithm. The experiments that were conducted by
Zhang et al., (2021) gave datasets that show that this system has
an improved level of accuracy in terms of the AUC index and F-
score index. Smart contract deploys a specified function that
cannot be terminated manually but can terminate itself
automatically, if the conditions are not met, hence a better way
of detecting Ponzi Schemes. As such, organizations need to
realize that the funds of investors are at risk of theft, and
mitigating policies should be in place.
Recommendations
Cloud Accounting Information Systems (CAIS) are an important
way of reducing fraudulent activities on data. The concept also
enhances the management of information in the cloud
accounting information systems, which gives the users the
confidentiality of security and privacy of their data. CAIS has
also helped eradicate fraud activities in the field of accounting
in both private and public sectors (Al-Nsour et al., 2021).
Organizations operating in bitcoin and cryptocurrency need to
implement CAIS so that the finances of the investors stay
secure. This CAIS system is the same as the traditional one and
a lot of organizations are already including it in their work
programs. The difference between the traditional one and CAIS
is only that the latter is hosted on remote servers in the cloud.
Hosting the information of investors on the cloud system brings
the risk of theft of the funds. Technological advancement has
created loopholes that online fraudsters may use to track the
transaction of funds. Through such drawbacks, the thieves may
direct the funds to other accounts where investors lose their
money. Investors and organizations need to collaborate so that
they can deal with fraudsters and their risks in the bitcoin trade.
When organizations implement CAIS correctly, then the
potential of securing investor funds increases. When more
investors are certain that their funds are secure, then more
investments are generated.
References
Al-Nsour, E., Weshah, S., & Dahiyat, A. (2021). Cloud
accounting information systems: Threats and advantages.
Accounting, 7(4), 875-
882. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.1.021
BBC News. (2022, March 9).
Will the US crack down on cryptocurrency? Accessed
on 12 November, 2022, Retrieved from
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60680786
Boylan, D. H., & Hull, J. E. (2022). Have Accounting
Information Systems significantly helped in detecting
fraudulent activities in accounting? The Journal of Applied
Business and Economics, 24(3), 45-
56. https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v24i3.5191
Zhang, Y., Yu, W., Li, Z., Raza, S., & Cao, H. (2021).
Detecting Ethereum Ponzi schemes based on improved
LightGBM algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Computational
Social Systems, 9(2), 624–
637. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2021.3088145
Senior Citizen Loses 33
Thousand Dollars to a
Bitcoin Scam
Agenda
• Problem
• What Researchers have learned
• Recommendation
2
Problem
A Senior citizen loses 33 thousand dollars to a Bitcoin
scam, she was deceived and performed all the operations
recommended to her by the scammers, thus facilitating
their work (Halliwell, 2022).
3
What researchers have learned
The most critical factor in this situation is the lack of
digital literacy among the population.
4
Recommendation
To combat these types of scams, it is recommended that
additional topics related to digital literacy be included in
any training programs.
5
References
• https://www.kaaltv.com/news/top
-news/rochester-senior-loses-33k-
in-computer-bitcoin-scam/
Welcome!!
PowerPoint and
presentation skills!
Let’s go BACK in time:
Remember YOUR “why”!
WHY were
Why were your topic
and
your research question
important to YOU?
What SERVICE did you want to
perform by conducting this research?
How can you best tell that “story,”
and the “story” of what you learned?
What
“story”
will YOU
tell about
YOUR
topic?
STOP AND JOT IT DOWN – you will need it!
Stories:
Your story will be like a story for children in some
ways!
It will:
• lay out the problem your research wanted to
mitigate or solve
• give information you learned about the problem
from the research
• end with your recommendation BASED on the
research
It will:
- lay out the problem your research wanted to
mitigate or solve
- give information you learned about the
problem from the research
- end with your recommendation BASED on the
research
Oh wow!!!
Doesn’t that sound a LOT like the discussion section
you just wrote???
Hmmmm
I think it does!
You just need to turn that into an impactful
presentation!
HOW???
First, let’s make sure your PowerPoint
has IMPACT (leads to action)
Presentation Action
Your presentation needs to tell YOUR
“story”
in a way that makes people want
to take some form of action as a result.
Now, let’s see HOW you can tell it
BEST!
1st
prize
Watch a video!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i68a6M5FFBc
APA PowerPoint Design
What do these have in common?
H. A. T. S.
H. A. T. S.
• Headings - for easy
navigation
H. A. T. S.
• Headings - for easy
navigation
• Access - for finding and
understanding
• Typeface - for ease of
reading
H. A. T. S.
• Headings - for easy
navigation
• Access - for finding and
understanding
• Typeface - for ease of
reading
• Space - for effective
document design
H. A. T. S.
• Headings - for easy
navigation
• Access - for finding and
understanding
• Typeface - for ease of
reading
• Space - for effective
document design
Let’s take a
look!
Compare the 4 following
slides
They have the SAME exact
words!
1. Pay attention to:
Headings to promote easy navigation
Access to promote the finding and
understanding of information
Typography to promote ease of reading and
clear levels of information hierarchy
Space to promote effective document
design
2. Pay attention to headings to
promote easy navigation, access to
promote the finding and
understanding of information,
typography to promote ease of
reading and clear levels of
information hierarchy, and space
to promote effective document
design.
3. Pay attention to:
Headings to promote easy navigation
Access to promote the finding and
understanding of information
Typography to promote ease of
reading and clear levels of
information hierarchy
Space to promote effective document
design
4. Pay attention to:
Headings to promote easy navigation
Access to promote the finding and
understanding of information
Typography to promote ease of reading
and clear levels of information
hierarchy
Space to promote effective
document design
Below they are featured
on a single slide
Which is hardest, and
which is easiest to
read, and WHY?
1. Pay attention to:
Headings to promote easy navigation
Access to promote the finding and
understanding of information
Typography to promote ease of reading
and clear levels of information
hierarchy
Space to promote effective document
design
3. Pay attention to:
Headings to promote easy
navigation
Access to promote the finding and
understanding of information
Typography to promote ease of
reading and clear levels of
information hierarchy
Space to promote effective
document design
4. Pay attention to:
Headings to promote easy navigation
Access to promote the finding and
understanding of information
Typography to promote ease of reading and
clear levels of information
hierarchy
Space to promote effective document
design
2. Pay attention to headings to promote
easy navigation, access to promote the
finding and understanding of
information, typography to promote
ease of reading and clear levels of
information hierarchy, and space to
promote effective document design.
Slides are a backdrop to your words
Slides are a backdrop to your words
Your slide
Slides are a backdrop to your words
Your slide
YOU!
Slides almost NEVER
need to stand alone
Slides almost NEVER
need to stand alone
*yawn*
They need YOU to tell
the story
GAME!
Compare slides
• Look at the following 3 pairs of slides
GAME!
Compare slides
• Look at the following 3 pairs of slides
• For each pair, identify the ways in which
the second one
is a “slam dunk”
(or better)?
Our 20th President
• PDie He served as president
for only 6 months, from
March 4, 1881, until his
assassination later that
year
James A. Garfield
20th U.S. President
6-month term
3/1881
to
9/1881
(assassinated)
James A. Garfield
H.A.T.S.
Headings
Access
Typeface
Space
H.A.T.S.
Headings
Access
Typeface
Space
The Apes of Africa
• The following presentation is about the apes of Africa.
• It looks at the differences in ape behavior depending on their
gender.
• It explores the cause of the reduction in ape population.
Apes of Africa
• differences in behavior by gender
• cause of reduction in population
What did you notice about the 2nd
slide in each pair?
Be “LEAN and MEAN!!!”
Be “LEAN and MEAN!!!”
• LESS isMORE!
Be “LEAN and MEAN!!!”
• LESS isMORE!
• Each word costs you…
Be “LEAN and MEAN!!!”
• LESS isMORE!
• Each word costs you !
Font sizes
Which do you
think is the
smallest
everyone can
reasonably
see
44 point
40 point
36 point
32 point
28 point
24 point
20 point
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Font sizes 44 point
40 point
36 point
32 point
28 point
24 point
20 point
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Your answer
may have
been
different!
Please do not
go below this
anyway!
Parallel Construction
Which of these sets of lines is parallel?
A
B
C
D
Puppies are
1. Cute
2. Frisky
3. I love them
Which is NOT parallel?
Puppies are
1. Cute
2. Frisky
3. I love them
Can you fix it?
Puppies are
1. Cute
2. Frisky
3. Lovable
Patient factors in medical care
1. Type of insurance
2. Is the doctor qualified
3. Pre-existing conditions
Which is not parallel?
Patient factors in medical care
1. Type of insurance
2. Is the doctor qualified
3. Pre-existing conditions
Can you fix it?
Patient factors in medical care
1. Type of insurance
2. Doctor qualifications
3. Pre-existing conditions
Develop YOUR PowerPoint
to tell YOUR story!
Workshop!
Time to check
Time to check
1. Few words per slide, any art or graphics are
relevant, and professional. (slides are a backdrop to
what you say, not substituting for what you say)
Time to check
1. Few words per slide, any art or graphics are
relevant, and professional. (slides are a backdrop to
what you say, not substituting for what you say)
2. Type size is a minimum of 32 points even in graphics
Font type is the same throughout the presentation
Time to check
1. Few words per slide, any art or graphics are
relevant, and professional. (slides are a backdrop to
what you say, not substituting for what you say)
2. Type size is a minimum of 32 points even in graphics
Font type is the same throughout the presentation
3. Bulleted lists are prepared in parallel construction
(see your Manual)
Time to check
1. Few words per slide, any art or graphics are
relevant, and professional. (slides are a backdrop to
what you say, not substituting for what you say)
2. Type size is a minimum of 32 points even in graphics
Font type is the same throughout the presentation
3. Bulleted lists are prepared in parallel construction
(see your Manual)
4. All slides lead to main point the presenter wants to
make
Oral Presentations
Now, for the fun part!
WAIT!!! FUN????
I’m TERRIFIED of presenting!!!
Oral Presentations
Now, for the fun part!
WAIT!!! FUN????
I’m TERRIFIED of presenting!!!
Oral Presentations
Now, for the fun part!
WAIT!!! FUN????
I’m TERRIFIED of presenting!!!
Let’s see if we CAN make it fun!!
When you hear
oral presentations:
What do you
REALLY
not like?
Make a list!
Oral Presentations
What do you
REALLY
not like?• Reading from the slide
• No eye contact
• Too quiet
• No expression – all one tone
• Too many “um”s
• Other??
Oral Presentations
What do you
REALLY
not like?
If you don’t like it…..
Advice:
Oral Presentations
What do you
REALLY
not like?
Don’t do it!!!!
If you don’t like it…..
Now:
Start planning!
Start the timer for
yourself!
NO MORE THAN 5MINUTES!!!

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  • 1. Chocolate! What is the name of your favorite kind in the chat bar! Sorry!!!!! I am sure I made you hungry!! You’ll see, it was all for a good cause! Today, you will write the introduction and conclusion for to your research paper! A research paper typically includes these sections: • Introduction • Literature review • Discussion
  • 2. • Conclusion You have written these parts of your research paper: • Introduction • Literature review • Discussion • Conclusion Today you will write • Introduction • Literature review • Discussion • Conclusion Introduction • Opening Sentence – Grab the attention of your reader – Make them want to read more! Sentences in between • Closing Sentence – Thesis Statement* – States your stance/recommendation for your reader (the rest of the paper will literally expand
  • 3. on this one sentence – you’ll see!) SO… BACK to chocolate! SO… BACK to chocolate! Sorry!!! A little-known fact… According to Forbes (2020), Americans consume an average of 11 pounds of chocolate per person per year. According to Forbes (2020), Americans consume an average of 11 pounds of chocolate per person per year. Did you know that?! (By the way, there are resources about the Opening Sentence
  • 4. on page 60 of your manual! Flip to it!) Can you find all the elements of an opening sentence here? According to Forbes (2020), Americans consume an average of 11 pounds of chocolate per person per year. Hint: here are the elements: • a surprising, disturbing, little-known, or wonderful fact • a statistic • an in-text citation Wait! I found it, but I don’t know how to DO it! In-text citations! In-text citations need Who wrote it When
  • 5. Two ways to cite: (p. 33-38 in manual) author names are part of the sentence (narrative format) author names and date of publication are not part of the sentence (parenthetical format) Remember…. Who wrote it When Examples One Author Research by Smith (2004) found… Recent research (Smith, 2004) found… Two Authors Research by Wager and Petty (1994) found... Paraphrased material (Wager & Petty, 1994). Which way of citing is used here?
  • 6. According to Forbes (2020), Americans consume an average of 11 pounds of chocolate per person per year. Now YOU write an opening sentence on YOUR topic. This will open your research paper! Expect to spend 20-40 minutes on this one sentence!!! Surprising, but true!! Break time! Please read the top of p. 61 in your manual What is a thesis statement? The Thesis Statement: Justifying Your Stance Based on Research The thesis statement Is the driving force of your paper based on research
  • 7. Contains no opinions or generic and broad advice Contains your stance on the topic based on research. The Thesis Statement: Justifying Your Stance Based on Research The thesis statement Is the driving force of your paper based on research Contains no opinions or generic and broad advice Contains your stance on the topic based on research. The Thesis Statement Justifying Your Stance Based on Research The thesis statement Is the driving force of your paper based on research Contains no opinions or generic and broad advice Contains your stance on the topic based on research.
  • 8. The Thesis Statement Justifying Your Stance Based on Research The thesis statement Is the driving force of your paper based on research Contains no opinions or generic and broad advice Contains your stance on the topic based on research. General Formula topic + your stance on the topic + how your stance is supported by research (citation) = your thesis statement Formula topic + your stance on the topic + how your stance is supported by research
  • 9. (citation) = your thesis statement General Formula topic + your stance on the topic + how your stance is supported by research (citation) = your thesis statement General Formula topic + your stance on the topic + how your stance is supported by research (citation) = your thesis statement General Formula topic + your stance on the topic + how your stance is supported by research (citation) = your thesis statement
  • 10. Now, Let’s write YOURS on YOUR topic! Expect to spend 25 -45 minutes on this. This is a hard one, because it is the outline to your paper!!! See samples on pp 61-63 Take a BREATH!!! Where in the Opening Paragraph does the thesis statement go? Where in the
  • 11. Opening Paragraph does it go? It’s the LAST sentence of the Opening Paragraph (and helps you to organize your paper!) Now, you have the two “BOOKENDS!” Your opening sentence Now, you have the two “BOOKENDS!” Your opening sentence Your thesis statement and Green = Opening sentence meant to grab reader’s attention Red = Sentences in between that are needed to transition from Green to Blue Blue = Recommendation based on research Food fraud has been identified in multiple communities,
  • 12. and in some cases there is a rise in this fraudulent behavior with the increase in different needs regarding food types (Northern District of Iowa, 2019this s). Food fraud refers to the deliberate alteration of food, related ingredients, or packaging, as well as the creation of false or deceptive assertions about a product in order to profit financially (Spink & Moyer, 2011, as cited in Levy, 2020). This fraud can cause damage to consumers’ health, or can affect entire supply chains (Northern District of Iowa, 2019). Food fraud has been found in the research and in (popular press/relevant journals) to be a threat to public health as well as to the economy. Due to food fraud’s threats to segments of business as well as communities, government and food, organizations should install more efficient legislature such as (name of policy with citation) to oversee and regulate the food chains operated by independent providers such as farmers and sole proprietors. Please write your opening paragraph in color! • Start with your opening sentence • Have red sentences in the middle • End with your thesis statement
  • 13. Conclusion Paragraph • Most students overthink this but think of it like a mirror image of your introduction paragraph. So… Turn the opening paragraph upside down! Conclusion Paragraph Turn the opening paragraph upside down! Food fraud has been identified in multiple communities, and in some cases there is a rise in this fraudulent behavior with the increase in different needs regarding food types (Northern District of Iowa, 2019). Food fraud refers to the deliberate alteration of food, related ingredients, or packaging, as well as the creation of false or deceptive assertions about a product in order to profit financially (Spink & Moyer, 2011, as cited in Levy, 2020). This fraud can cause damage to consumers’ health, or can affect entire supply chains (Northern District of Iowa, 2019). Food fraud has been found in the research and in (popular press/relevant journals) to be a threat to public health as well as to the economy. Due to food fraud’s threats to segments of
  • 14. business as well as communities,government and food, organizations should install more efficient legislature such as (name of policy with citation) tooversee and regulate the food chains operated by independent providers such as farmers and sole proprietors. Conclusion Paragraph Turn the opening paragraph upside down! Due to food fraud’s threats to segments of business as well as to communities, government and food, organizations should install more efficient legislature such as (name of policy with citation) to oversee and regulate the food chains operated by independent providers such as farmers and sole proprietors. Food fraud has been found in the research and in (popular press/relevant journals) to be a threat to public health as well as to the economy. This fraud, as seen in the research (cite all research studies from the literature review), can cause damage to consumers’ health, or can affect entire supply chains (Northern District of Iowa, 2019). The (recommended action) is necessary, as food fraud has been identified in multiple communities, and in some cases there is a rise in this fraudulent behavior with the increase in different needs
  • 15. regarding food types (Northern District of Iowa, 2019). 1 Assessment Part One: Comparative Analysis 1. Compare and Contrast a. Methodology It is important to note that Boylan and Hull (2022) utilized qualitative research design to gain more in-depth insight into how fraudulent activities manifest in accounting. However, both T&R Staff (2022) and Associated Press (2022) are secondary sources that rely on the utilization of primary data to make their conclusions. Therefore, the methodological comparison is greatly different between these sources, but T&R Staff (2022) and Associated Press (2022) are similar to each other. b. Findings Both T&R Staff (2022) and Associated Press (2022) find that there is a substantial risk
  • 16. behind cryptocurrencies due to the potential of fraudulence and volatility if left unregulated. However, all three sources (Boylan & Hull, 2022; T&R Staff, 2022; Associated Press, 2022) recognize the great opportunity offered by block chain technology, which is increased accountability. c. Recommendations The study (Boylan & Hull, 2022) suggests using block chain technology to improve accountability and recommends its use to combat fraudulent activities. However, both T&R Staff (2022) and Associated Press (2022) acknowledge that there are risks associated with the current state of cryptocurrencies, which is why they suggest adopting the technology but not the existing forms of electronic money. Part Two: Review 2 Fraud and Block Chain
  • 17. Fraudulence is a core problem in accounting and finance overall, which has ethical, economic, and legal implications. Boylan and Hull (2022) assert that prevention of fraud is impossible to prove, and fraudulent activities can be reduced through the use of automatic identification system (AIS) systems. In contrast, T&R Staff (2022) claims that the wild volatility of cryptocurrencies makes them unappealing as a solution to the issue. Similarly, such currencies carry their own host of fraudulence, such as pyramid schemes (Associated Press, 2022). In other words, electronic solutions are possible, but the existing ones are problematic. Accountability Through Block Chain It should be noted that fraudulence in finance is best combatted through transparency, accountability, and openness. Recent developments in money and payment methods, such as instant payment systems and stable coins, are two examples of innovations that have the potential to have far-reaching implications. It is reported that there are five technological systems that can help in the improvement of the accounting role (Boylan
  • 18. and Hull, 2022). According to Boylan and Hull (2022), the use of block chain can improve accountability, which leads to a reduction in the rate of fraudulent activities. Similarly, cryptocurrencies can help ordinary citizens to fight inflation, but with a surge in demand, new forms of fraudulence take place as a result. However, on the contrary, some experts suggest that “the wild volatility in cryptocurrencies’ value has made it easy for many corporate treasurers to ignore the opportunity hidden behind the substantial risk” (T&R Staff, 2022, para. 2). In other words, one should not dismiss cryptocurrencies entirely, because they bring a higher level of accountability despite their flaws. Block Chain is the Answer 3 By reviewing the literature, it is evident that the answer to fraudulence and other major accounting issues is block chain technology, not cryptocurrencies. The study (Boylan & Hull,
  • 19. 2022) suggests using block chain technology to improve accountability and recommends its use to combat fraudulent activities. On the contrary, both T&R Staff (2022) and Associated Press (2022) acknowledge that there are risks associated with the current state of cryptocurrencies, which is why they suggest adopting the technology but not the existing forms of electronic money. 4 References Associated Press. (2022, January 22). Bitcoin pyramid schemes wreak havoc on Brazil’s ‘New Egypt.’ Market Watch. https://www.marketwatch.com/story/bitcoin-pyramid-schemes- wreak-havoc-on-brazils-new-egypt-01642870663 Boylan, D. H., & Hull, J. E. (2022). Have accounting information systems significantly helped in detecting fraudulent activities in accounting? The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 24(3), 45-56.
  • 20. https://www.proquest.com/openview/6e001b2172b0df47a6a938b 044975b5d/1?pq- origsite=gscholar&cbl=38282 T&R Staff. (2022, May 10). Digital currencies underpin a sci-fi future for treasury. ALM: Treasury and Risk. https://www.treasuryandrisk.com/2022/05/10/digital-currencies- underpin-a-sci-fi-future-for-treasury/?slreturn=20220930184148 Welcome! This is an exciting day! You will be completing the literature review section of your research paper! Congratulations! Remember, you are done with part 2 of the literature review! Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review Review of Literature Analysis of Literature
  • 21. Now, let’s write Part 1! Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review Review of Literature Analysis of Literature You have DETAILED instructions on that on page 42 of your manuals Ready, Set, GO! Use page 42 as a sample Workshop! please use the QR code, 1. download the form to your desktop 2. fill it out (also found on page 44 of your Resource manuals) 3. put the pieces together to draft YOUR Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review (now! before going to the next slide!) Congratulations! you are done with parts 1 AND 2 of the literature review! Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review Review of Literature
  • 22. Analysis of Literature Now, let’s write Part 3! Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review Review of Literature Analysis of Literature Please pull up your assignment where you compared and contrasted your articles Please make that into an elegant paragraph, now. Congratulations! you are done with parts 1 AND 2 AND 3 of the literature review! Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review Review of Literature Analysis of Literature Now put the parts together in 1, 2, 3 order Use the QR code, and download the checklist to your
  • 23. desktop as a Word Document. Fill it out to ensure you have everything 2. Add a title page and a references page 3. Submit your Literature Review 4. Feel VERY proud of yourself! Now … 1. Add a title page and a references page 2. Submit your Literature Review and the checklist 3. Feel VERY proud of yourself! 1 Discussion: Bitcoin Pyramid Schemes Wreak Havoc on Brazil’s ‘New Egypt’ Student Name Department, Institution Course Title Instructor Name Due Date Discussion Traders and major corporations have disseminated a message requesting people to refer a friend to a given website or rather a platform so that they can earn some money from every successful referral. Bitcoin is a risky business, as any other
  • 24. business, and those online traders may know today. Bitcoin pyramid schemes are full of fraudulent activities that schemers use to get money from people by offering incentives to recruiters who bring in new members into the scheme. For example, Bitcoin investors are at risk of losing their money in the blockchain environment (Boylan and Hull, 2022). The advancements in technology have enhanced trade and transactions as well as investment in the form of cryptocurrency. Dealing with cryptocurrency has its benefits and challenges just as dealing with any other business. A lot of people are venturing into cryptocurrency as it seems convenient, not knowing that they are creating weak links for attackers to penetrate and fraud them from their unsecured funds (BBC News, 2022). Law enforcement is doing all it can to minimize fraud in the business of cryptocurrency. The law protects those who are potential victims of theft in fraud in cryptocurrency. Therefore, organizations need to understand the problems of bitcoins so that they protect the finances of the clients who invest in cryptocurrency. Mitigation The increasing investment by people in the line of cryptocurrencies, such as bitcoin, has resulted in numerous risks of losses. For example, Zhang et al., (2021) conducted research on a traditional investment scam known as the Ponzi scheme. Clients are unaware that investing in numerous Ponzi Schemes put their money at high risk of loss. The research proposed system of detecting Ponzi Schemes has been put into use today by several professionals. This system uses a smart contract Ponzi scheme identification method that is based on the lightGBM algorithm. The experiments that were conducted by Zhang et al., (2021) gave datasets that show that this system has an improved level of accuracy in terms of the AUC index and F- score index. Smart contract deploys a specified function that cannot be terminated manually but can terminate itself automatically, if the conditions are not met, hence a better way of detecting Ponzi Schemes. As such, organizations need to
  • 25. realize that the funds of investors are at risk of theft, and mitigating policies should be in place. Recommendations Cloud Accounting Information Systems (CAIS) are an important way of reducing fraudulent activities on data. The concept also enhances the management of information in the cloud accounting information systems, which gives the users the confidentiality of security and privacy of their data. CAIS has also helped eradicate fraud activities in the field of accounting in both private and public sectors (Al-Nsour et al., 2021). Organizations operating in bitcoin and cryptocurrency need to implement CAIS so that the finances of the investors stay secure. This CAIS system is the same as the traditional one and a lot of organizations are already including it in their work programs. The difference between the traditional one and CAIS is only that the latter is hosted on remote servers in the cloud. Hosting the information of investors on the cloud system brings the risk of theft of the funds. Technological advancement has created loopholes that online fraudsters may use to track the transaction of funds. Through such drawbacks, the thieves may direct the funds to other accounts where investors lose their money. Investors and organizations need to collaborate so that they can deal with fraudsters and their risks in the bitcoin trade. When organizations implement CAIS correctly, then the potential of securing investor funds increases. When more investors are certain that their funds are secure, then more investments are generated. References Al-Nsour, E., Weshah, S., & Dahiyat, A. (2021). Cloud accounting information systems: Threats and advantages. Accounting, 7(4), 875- 882. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.1.021 BBC News. (2022, March 9). Will the US crack down on cryptocurrency? Accessed on 12 November, 2022, Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60680786
  • 26. Boylan, D. H., & Hull, J. E. (2022). Have Accounting Information Systems significantly helped in detecting fraudulent activities in accounting? The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 24(3), 45- 56. https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v24i3.5191 Zhang, Y., Yu, W., Li, Z., Raza, S., & Cao, H. (2021). Detecting Ethereum Ponzi schemes based on improved LightGBM algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, 9(2), 624– 637. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2021.3088145 Senior Citizen Loses 33 Thousand Dollars to a Bitcoin Scam Agenda • Problem • What Researchers have learned • Recommendation 2 Problem A Senior citizen loses 33 thousand dollars to a Bitcoin scam, she was deceived and performed all the operations
  • 27. recommended to her by the scammers, thus facilitating their work (Halliwell, 2022). 3 What researchers have learned The most critical factor in this situation is the lack of digital literacy among the population. 4 Recommendation To combat these types of scams, it is recommended that additional topics related to digital literacy be included in any training programs. 5 References • https://www.kaaltv.com/news/top -news/rochester-senior-loses-33k- in-computer-bitcoin-scam/
  • 28. Welcome!! PowerPoint and presentation skills! Let’s go BACK in time: Remember YOUR “why”! WHY were Why were your topic and your research question important to YOU? What SERVICE did you want to perform by conducting this research? How can you best tell that “story,” and the “story” of what you learned?
  • 29. What “story” will YOU tell about YOUR topic? STOP AND JOT IT DOWN – you will need it! Stories: Your story will be like a story for children in some ways! It will: • lay out the problem your research wanted to mitigate or solve • give information you learned about the problem from the research • end with your recommendation BASED on the research It will: - lay out the problem your research wanted to mitigate or solve - give information you learned about the problem from the research - end with your recommendation BASED on the research
  • 30. Oh wow!!! Doesn’t that sound a LOT like the discussion section you just wrote??? Hmmmm I think it does! You just need to turn that into an impactful presentation! HOW??? First, let’s make sure your PowerPoint has IMPACT (leads to action) Presentation Action Your presentation needs to tell YOUR “story” in a way that makes people want to take some form of action as a result. Now, let’s see HOW you can tell it BEST!
  • 31. 1st prize Watch a video! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i68a6M5FFBc APA PowerPoint Design What do these have in common? H. A. T. S. H. A. T. S. • Headings - for easy navigation H. A. T. S. • Headings - for easy navigation • Access - for finding and understanding
  • 32. • Typeface - for ease of reading H. A. T. S. • Headings - for easy navigation • Access - for finding and understanding • Typeface - for ease of reading • Space - for effective document design H. A. T. S. • Headings - for easy navigation • Access - for finding and understanding • Typeface - for ease of reading • Space - for effective document design
  • 33. Let’s take a look! Compare the 4 following slides They have the SAME exact words! 1. Pay attention to: Headings to promote easy navigation Access to promote the finding and understanding of information Typography to promote ease of reading and clear levels of information hierarchy Space to promote effective document design 2. Pay attention to headings to promote easy navigation, access to promote the finding and understanding of information, typography to promote ease of reading and clear levels of information hierarchy, and space to promote effective document design.
  • 34. 3. Pay attention to: Headings to promote easy navigation Access to promote the finding and understanding of information Typography to promote ease of reading and clear levels of information hierarchy Space to promote effective document design 4. Pay attention to: Headings to promote easy navigation Access to promote the finding and understanding of information Typography to promote ease of reading and clear levels of information hierarchy Space to promote effective document design Below they are featured on a single slide Which is hardest, and which is easiest to read, and WHY?
  • 35. 1. Pay attention to: Headings to promote easy navigation Access to promote the finding and understanding of information Typography to promote ease of reading and clear levels of information hierarchy Space to promote effective document design 3. Pay attention to: Headings to promote easy navigation Access to promote the finding and understanding of information Typography to promote ease of reading and clear levels of information hierarchy Space to promote effective document design 4. Pay attention to: Headings to promote easy navigation Access to promote the finding and understanding of information Typography to promote ease of reading and clear levels of information hierarchy Space to promote effective document design
  • 36. 2. Pay attention to headings to promote easy navigation, access to promote the finding and understanding of information, typography to promote ease of reading and clear levels of information hierarchy, and space to promote effective document design. Slides are a backdrop to your words Slides are a backdrop to your words Your slide Slides are a backdrop to your words Your slide YOU! Slides almost NEVER need to stand alone Slides almost NEVER need to stand alone
  • 37. *yawn* They need YOU to tell the story GAME! Compare slides • Look at the following 3 pairs of slides GAME! Compare slides • Look at the following 3 pairs of slides • For each pair, identify the ways in which the second one is a “slam dunk” (or better)? Our 20th President • PDie He served as president for only 6 months, from March 4, 1881, until his assassination later that year
  • 38. James A. Garfield 20th U.S. President 6-month term 3/1881 to 9/1881 (assassinated) James A. Garfield H.A.T.S. Headings Access Typeface Space H.A.T.S. Headings Access
  • 39. Typeface Space The Apes of Africa • The following presentation is about the apes of Africa. • It looks at the differences in ape behavior depending on their gender. • It explores the cause of the reduction in ape population. Apes of Africa • differences in behavior by gender • cause of reduction in population What did you notice about the 2nd slide in each pair? Be “LEAN and MEAN!!!”
  • 40. Be “LEAN and MEAN!!!” • LESS isMORE! Be “LEAN and MEAN!!!” • LESS isMORE! • Each word costs you… Be “LEAN and MEAN!!!” • LESS isMORE! • Each word costs you ! Font sizes Which do you think is the smallest everyone can reasonably see 44 point 40 point 36 point
  • 41. 32 point 28 point 24 point 20 point A B C D E F G Font sizes 44 point 40 point 36 point 32 point 28 point 24 point
  • 42. 20 point A B C D E F G Your answer may have been different! Please do not go below this anyway! Parallel Construction Which of these sets of lines is parallel? A B
  • 43. C D Puppies are 1. Cute 2. Frisky 3. I love them Which is NOT parallel? Puppies are 1. Cute 2. Frisky 3. I love them Can you fix it? Puppies are 1. Cute 2. Frisky 3. Lovable Patient factors in medical care 1. Type of insurance 2. Is the doctor qualified
  • 44. 3. Pre-existing conditions Which is not parallel? Patient factors in medical care 1. Type of insurance 2. Is the doctor qualified 3. Pre-existing conditions Can you fix it? Patient factors in medical care 1. Type of insurance 2. Doctor qualifications 3. Pre-existing conditions Develop YOUR PowerPoint to tell YOUR story! Workshop! Time to check Time to check
  • 45. 1. Few words per slide, any art or graphics are relevant, and professional. (slides are a backdrop to what you say, not substituting for what you say) Time to check 1. Few words per slide, any art or graphics are relevant, and professional. (slides are a backdrop to what you say, not substituting for what you say) 2. Type size is a minimum of 32 points even in graphics Font type is the same throughout the presentation Time to check 1. Few words per slide, any art or graphics are relevant, and professional. (slides are a backdrop to what you say, not substituting for what you say) 2. Type size is a minimum of 32 points even in graphics Font type is the same throughout the presentation 3. Bulleted lists are prepared in parallel construction (see your Manual) Time to check 1. Few words per slide, any art or graphics are relevant, and professional. (slides are a backdrop to what you say, not substituting for what you say) 2. Type size is a minimum of 32 points even in graphics Font type is the same throughout the presentation
  • 46. 3. Bulleted lists are prepared in parallel construction (see your Manual) 4. All slides lead to main point the presenter wants to make Oral Presentations Now, for the fun part! WAIT!!! FUN???? I’m TERRIFIED of presenting!!! Oral Presentations Now, for the fun part! WAIT!!! FUN???? I’m TERRIFIED of presenting!!! Oral Presentations Now, for the fun part! WAIT!!! FUN???? I’m TERRIFIED of presenting!!!
  • 47. Let’s see if we CAN make it fun!! When you hear oral presentations: What do you REALLY not like? Make a list! Oral Presentations What do you REALLY not like?• Reading from the slide • No eye contact • Too quiet • No expression – all one tone • Too many “um”s • Other?? Oral Presentations What do you REALLY not like? If you don’t like it….. Advice:
  • 48. Oral Presentations What do you REALLY not like? Don’t do it!!!! If you don’t like it….. Now: Start planning! Start the timer for yourself! NO MORE THAN 5MINUTES!!!