anatomy assignment

1. ASSIGNMENT ANATOMY
PRESENTED BY:
Rizwan Ullah
DVM 2nd Semester(M)
Regesteration No: 2017-VA-124
PRESENTED TO:
Sir Abdul Rehman Ansari

2. The clitoris is a small projection of erectile tissue in the
vulva of the female reproductive system.

3. STRUCTURE OF CLITORIS
 It contains thousands of nerve endings that make it an
extremely sensitive organ.
 The clitoris is composed of paired roots (crura
clitoridis), a body (corpus clitoridis), and a glans
(glans clitoridis).

4. FUNCTIONS OF CLITORIS
 Touch stimulation of the nerve endings in the clitoris
produces sensations of sexual pleasure.
 The clitoris is structurally and functionally
homologous to the penis of the male reproductive
system, except that the clitoris does not contain the
urethra and plays no role in urination.

5. CLITORIS OF BITCH

6. Os clitoridis
 The baubellum (os clitoridis, clitoral bone), the female
counterpart of the male baculum, is a structure found
in the clitoris of some mammal species belonging to
the Chiroptera, Carnivora, Rodentia, and Primate
Orders.

7. EXAMPLES OF SPECIES HAVING
BAUBELLUM
 Order Primates, although not in humans, spider
monkeys, or woolly monkeys
 Order Rodentia (rodents),though not in the related
order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, etc.)
 Order Carnivora(including members of many well-
known families, such
as ursids(bears), canids (dogs),pinnipeds (walruses,
seals, sea lions)

8. Female Walrus

9. BAUBELLUM IN WALRUS AND
SQUIRREL

10. Os clitoridis in bitch
 The clitoris of the bitch does not normally contain a
bone but an os clitoridis can be present
 In the normal bitch, there are elongate masses of
erectile tissue lying deep to the vestibular mucosa and
united to each other dorsally by an isthmus.
 An os clitoridis can develop in response to an altered
hormone balance and may be more than 2.5 cm long.

11. RADIOGRAPH OF OS CLITORIDIS IN
BITCH

12. SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF OS
CLITORIDIS
 Grandage and Robertson (1971) reported an os
clitoridis in a normal Welsh Corgi bitch that
subsequently mated and whelped. The bone was seen
radiographically to be 13 mm long, laterally
compressed, and pointed at its apex.

13. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
 Although it is said that the dog usually lacks an os
clitoridis, it may only be that it is rarely looked for and
rarely reported.
 When an os clitoridis is present it may be associated
with a natural endocrine disturbance or more probably
is the result of androgen or progestin therapy.

14. Radiograph to show the os
clitoridis, which is 3.5 cm long
(lateral view) IN Kerry Blue Terrier

15. FUNCTIONS OF OS CLITORIDIS
 Available data are scanty, though some authors suggest
that a baubellum might occur in all species where a
baculum is found.
 No hypotheses on the function of the baubellum have
been formulated so far.
 Future research might investigate the synapomorphic
nature for the baubellum, possibly in relation to
prenatal androgen effects.

16. ANY QUESTION
????????

17. THANK YOU!