2. S
K
E
L
E Fractures - breakage of
T a bone, this breakage
A
L may be complete or
D incomplete.
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
S
3. S Types of Fractures
K
E 1.Simple A clean break of the bone
L with little or no break in the
E overlying skin.
T
A
2.Greenstick An incomplete break
L
of the bone in which part of the
D
I
outer shell (cortex) remains intact.
S This occurs particularly in
O children, who have more flexible
R bones than adults.
D
E 3.Compound (also known as
R "Open") A broken bone that pierces
S the overlying skin.
4. S
K
4.Cominuted A fracture in which the
E bone is broken into more than two
L pieces. A crushing force is usually
E responsible and there is extensive injury
T to surrounding soft tissues is common.
A
L 5.Impacted A fracture in which the
D bones involved are driven into each
I other.
S
O 6.Complicated A broken bone that also
involves damage to other organs - in
R
addition to broken Bone(s) and possibly
D
also broken skin. An example is a
E broken rib that punctures a lung.
R
S
8. S
K Lordosis Inward curvature of the spine.
E Some lordosis in the lumbar and cervical
L regions of the spine is normal.
E
Exaggerated lordosis may occur in
T
adolescence - possibly as a result of
A
faulty posture, or due to disease affecting
L the vertebrae and spinal muscles.
D
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
S
9. S
K Scoliosis Lateral (sideways)
E
deviation of the spine.
L
Scoliosis may be caused by
E
T
congenital or acquired
A abnormalities of the
L vertebrae, muscles, and/or
D nerves.
I
S Treatment may involve the
O use of spinal braces and, in
R cases of severe deformity.
D surgical correction by fusion or
E osteotomy.
R
S
11. S
K Arthritis
E
Over 200 diseases may cause
L
arthritis, including:
E
T
Swelling, warmth, redness of the
A overlying skin, pain, restriction of
L motion.
D
I Inflammation of one or more
S joints.
O
R
D
E
R
S
13. S
K
E Bone Cancer
L
E Bone cancer may occur
T
A
as a secondary cancer
L from, for
D example, prostate cancer
I
S
O
R Damage to stem cells
D (the cause of leukaemia).
E
R
S
16. S
K
E Gout
L
E
T
A Gout is caused by a defect in
L uric acid balance in the
D
metabolism - resulting in an
I
S excess of the acid and its salts
O (urates) which then accumulate
R in the bloodstream and
D joints, respectively.
E
R
S
18. S
K Osteoporosis
E
L Infection, injury and synovitis can
E cause localized osteoporosis of
T
adjacent bone.
A
L
D Generalised osteoporosis is
I common in the elderly, and in
S women often follows the
O menopause. It is also a feature of
R Cushing's disease and prolonged
D steroid therapy.
E
R
S
