SOLAR POWERED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

1. “SOLAR POWERED SMART IRRIGATION
SYSTEM”
A Synopsis
Submitted In Partial fulfillment for the Award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
Submitted to
RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
BHOPAL (M.P)
Submitted by
ADITYA KUMAR SHUKLA
(0103EX151008)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
Under the Supervision of
Prof. Nand Kishore Meena
LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
Raisen Road, Bhopal
Session 2018-19

2. DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Project work which is being
presented in this dissertation entitled Solar Pn partial fulfillment of
the Requirement of Degree of “BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING”
in “ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS” has been carried out at
Lakshmi Narain College Of Technology, Bhopal and is an
authentic record of my own work carried out under the guidance of
Prof. Nand Kishore Meena, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College Of Technology,
Bhopal. The matter embodied in the Project work has not been
submitted by me for award of any other degree.
ADITYA KUMAR SHUKLA
(010EX151008)

3. LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL
LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodied in this project report entitled
“Solar Powered Smart Irrigation System” has been satisfactorily completed
by Aditya Kumar Shukla (0103EX151008), it is a bonafide piece of work,
carried out under my guidance in the Deptt. of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Lakshmi Narain college of Technology, Bhopal for the partial
fulfillment of the Bachelor of Engineering degree during the academic year
2018-19.
Under the supervision of
___________________
Prof. Nand Kishore Meena
Approved By
_________________________
Prof. Amol Barve
HOD EX Dept
Forwarded By
____________________
Dr. Rakesh Mowar
Principal LNCT

4. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Acknowledgement
It is our privilege to express our sincerest regards to our project
coordinator, Prof. Nand Kishore Sir for his valuable inputs, able
guidance, encouragement, whole-hearted cooperation and constructive
criticism throughout the duration of our project.
We deeply express our sincere thanks to our Head of Department Prof.
Amol Barve Sir for encouraging and allowing us to present the
project on the topic “SOLAR POWERED SMART IRRIGATION
SYSTEM” at our department premises for the partial fulfillment of the
requirements leading to the award of BE degree.
We take this opportunity to thank all our Principal Dr. Rakesh Mowar
who have directly or indirectly helped our project. We pay our respects
and love to our parents and all other family members and friends for
their love and encouragement through out our career.
Last but not the least we express our thanks to our friends for their
cooperation and support.

5. Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Table of Contents
Declaration II
Certificate III
Acknowledgement IV
Table of Contents V
Chapter 1 Abstract (1-2 )
Chapter 2 Introduction (3-4)
Chapter 3 Objective and Scope (5-6)
Chapter 4 Components and description (7-10)
Chapter 5 Literature Review (11-12)
Chapter 6 Methodology (13-19)
Chapter 7 Cost of Project (20)
Chapter 8 Conclusion and Future Scope (21-22)
References 23

6. “SOLAR POWERED
SMART
IRRIGATION SYSTEM”

7. Chapter 1
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, farmers in the agriculture field facing a lot of
problems in pouring the water into their field to keep their
crops green especially in summer season. It’s because they
don’t have a proper idea about the power availability. Even it
is available, they have to wait until the field is properly
watered. Thus, this procedure checks them to stop doing
other acts. But, there is a solution, namely “solar powered
auto irrigation system”.In the trial of solar power based
irrigation system, PV cells are used to produce electricity,
that energy is stored in rechargeable batteries.
The energy which is produced from the batteries is used for
the system operation. A water pump is used to pump the
water from a boor well to a water storage tank. This article
discusses solar powered irrigation system using solar energy.
According to the Department of Agriculture Economic
Research Service, Agriculture is a major user of ground and
surface water in the United States, accounting for
approximately 80 percent of the Nation's consumptive water
use and over 90 percent in many Western States. This paper
addresses water scarcity and food crisis by designing and
implementing a smart irrigation system. It presents the details
of a solar-powered automated irrigation system that dispenses
the exact amount of water required depending on the soil
moisture, hence minimizing the waste of water.
A network of sensor nodes is used to collect the humidity
and temperature of the soil which is transmitted to a remote

8. station. This data will be analyzed and used to remotely
control the amount of water dispensed by solenoid valves.
The designed project is currently operating at the university-
owned agricultural experimental research station. The system
can be tailored to the type of food or crop being grown.
The design team incorporated the theory of digital control
and feedback systems, and digital communication in the
design and implementation of this project. The automated
drip irrigation system will help reduce the problems
associated with water waste in farming, avoid evaporation,
and as a result increase food crop production.

9. Chapter 2
INTRODUCTION
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
, estimates that agriculture accounts for 70% of all water
consumption, compared to 20% for industry and 10% for
domestic. Critical need therefore exists to implement water
conservation practices in agriculture. There is an urgent need
to create strategies based on science and technology for
sustainable use of water, including technical, agronomic,
managerial, and institutional improvements.
The objective of this project is to develop a system that will
minimize the waste of water in an Agricultural Experiment
Station farm. The smart system developed uses automated
drip irrigation and uses the exact water required depending on
the soil moisture. The farm site has greenhouses, crops and
administration houses. The automated system collects data
from the humidity, temperature, flow sensor, and soil
moisture sensors. The data collected is sent Page 26.454.2
wirelessly to the cloud. The system is operated in two modes,
either in a closed loop control mode where the
microcontroller operates the opening and closing of the
solenoid valve for the required amount of water needed for
the crops, based on the average soil moisture reading, or the
agronomist remotely use the cloud data to trigger a channel
by writing a specific value.
The link located below the channel is assigned to turn on and
off a solenoid valve. Sensor data are collected using wireless
communication to avoid loose running signal wires and

10. cables in the field. This is a one semester senior capstone
project, involving four electrical engineering students. Senior
Capstone Projects represent the culmination of the
educational experience, integrating the classroom with real
world problems.
The students handle open ended engineering problems whose
solutions require a synthesis of engineering knowledge,
analysis, creativity, market needs, safety and esthetics.
Projects are carried out by students and supervised by
instructors and industry mentors.

11. Chapter 3
OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE
The main objective of this project was to design a small scale
irrigated system that would use water in more well-organized
way in order to prevent excess water loss and minimize the
cost of labor.The following aspects were considered in the
choice of design solution Installation cost• Water saving•
Human intervention• Reliability• Power consumption•
Maintenance• Expandability• A critical Consideration in the
segment costs, since cost define the viability and feasibility
of a project. The water saving was also an important feature,
since there is demand to decrease Research Article Volume 7
Issue No.4 International Journal of Engineering Science and
Computing, April 2017 10720 http://ijesc.org/ water loss and
to Maximize the efficiency used. The Power consumption
must also be monitored.
What is an Irrigation System?
The term “Irrigation system” is mainly a way to give water to
the crops. In the field of agriculture, it is very important to
deliver water to crops in case of lack of rain and water under
the earth. It is very significant to give proper water to crops to
make their progress effective. Therefore, this system is used
to offer proper water to crops and lands.

12. What is an Auto Irrigation System?
The auto irrigation system is very significant in the
agriculture field. In the field of agriculture, it is very
important to maintain the water level or wetness in the soil.
Excess or lack of water may damage the progress of plants
which results in loss of farmers. To overcome this problem,
the proposed system is designed. This system keeps
information about the level of moisture in the soil and keeps
moisture to acceptable limits. The level of moisture can be
measured using a sensor namely moisture sensor.According
to the level of measured moisture, the water pump switches
ON or OFF.
What is Solar Power Auto Irrigation System?
As we know that it is very difficult in agriculture field to
control the water pump manually. One has to visit in fields to
switch ON and OFF. In worldwide, where electricity is the
main problem, villagers frequently don’t have the electricity.
In that situation, solar energy is used to give the power to
water pumps. In this type of irrigation system, the solar
charge controller is employed to store DC power of solar
panels in batteries. This battery is used to give the power
supply to water pumps automatically.
Solar powered auto irrigation system work in the sunlight.
When the sun shines the water, pumping process is a
sensible way of solar energy use throughout the summer, as
the water need is the highest. The water pump which is used
will provide a reliable water source for plantation. For any
solar based water pumping system, the ability to drive water
is a function of three variables like pressure, power, and
pressure. These three essential components are used in this
solar powered auto irrigation system. An example project of

13. the above information is solar powered auto irrigation
system, and a description of this project is described below.
CHAPTER 4
COMPONENTS AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS
Hardware Requirements
 8051 series Microcontroller
 Solar Panels
 PV Panels
 Charge Conrollers
 Operational amplifier
 Inverter and Batteries
 Relay
 Water Pump
 Voltage Regulator
 Diodes, Capacitors, Resistors
 LED
 Crystal
 Transistor

14. Software Requirements:
C language
Descriptions
Solar Panel
Solar panels are designed with solar cells collected of
semiconductor
materials. The main
function of solar
panel is to convert
solar energy into DC
electrical energy
(generally of 12V).
The required number
of cells and also their
size depends on the
rating of the load. The group of solar cells can generate
maximum electricity. But, the solar panel must place closely
at accurate angles to the sun rays.
The Source
Water sources are available in different forms like drilled
wells, springs, ponds, rivers, etc.

15. The PV Panels
The PV (photo
voltaic) cells
basically depend
on the size of the
water pump. A
panel values in
watts of power it
can generate. This
system should be worked with a PV array of capacity, and
measured under some typical test conditions. A sufficient of
modules in series and parallel could be used to acquire the
necessary photo voltaic power array power o/p. The PV
modules o/p power which is used in the PV array under
typical test conditions must be a min of 74 watts peak.
Charge Controller
In any solar-power system, a charge controller is an essential
device, used to maintain correct charging voltages of the
batteries. The charge controller function is to control the
voltage and current from the solar panel. It charges the
battery and also stops the battery charging from over voltage
and under voltage situations.
Battery

16. The Battery is an electric device, used to store solar energy
and supplied to the equivalent loads. The usage of batteries
depends on the load requirement.
Inverter
The main function of the inverter is to convert the
voltage of the battery to AC voltage in order to start the
loads. So, it helps us to run several electronic devices,
home appliances, computers, etc. There are various
types of inverters existing in the market today. The
characteristics of usual inverters include high
conversion frequency, less harmonic content, and high
switching frequency, so on.
Power Supply
The power supply of this project comprises of a step-down
transformer, voltage regulator, bridge rectifier. Where the
step-down transformer steps down the 230 volts to 12

17. volts AC, and a bridge rectifier changes alternating current to
direct current, then a voltage regulator adjusts the voltage to
5V which is used for the operation of the microcontroller. In
this proposed system, solar energy is used to trigger the
irrigation pump. This project is built with sensor parts, which
are collected using operational amplifier IC. These are
designed here as a comparator.
Chapter 5
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this report, soil moisture sensor, temperature sensors
positioned in root zone of plant and opening unit handles the
sensor info and transmit data to a web submission. One
algorithm was developed for measure threshold values of
temperature sensor and soil moisture sensor that was planned
into a microcontroller to control water amount. For power
photovoltaic panel was used. Another facto like
cellularInternet interface used that allowable for data
assessment and irrigation planning to be programmed through
a web page.
The automatic system was tested for 30 days and save 90%
compared with modern irrigation system. Because of its
energy autonomy and low price, the system has the possible
to be valuable in water limited geologically isolated zone. In
this paper, soil moisture content has been sensed using
acoustic based technique was developed.
The main propose of this technique is growth for measure
soil moisture in real time method. The technique based on
association between two quantities i.e. speed of sound and the
degree of permeation with water in soils.

18. This experiment found that the speed of sound reductions
with the moisture content following, contingent on the kind
of soil This paper design a model of automatic irrigation
arrangement which is based on microcontroller and solar
power was used only for source of power supply.
Several sensor are placed in paddy field. Sensors sense water
level unceasingly and give the data to farmer through cellular
phone. Farmer controls the motor without going in paddy
field. If the water level reaches at danger level, routinely
motor will be off without conformation of farmer.

19. Chapter 6
METHODOLOGY
Block Diagram of Solar Power Auto Irrigation
System
The main objective of this solar powered auto irrigation
system is to develop an irrigation system in the agriculture
field with the help of Solar Energy. The required electrical
and electronic components of this proposed system are Solar
Panel, 8051 series Microcontroller, water pump, an

20. operational amplifier, LCD, Relay, MOSFET(Metal oxide
Semiconductor FET), Motor, Diodes, Voltage Regulator,
Resistors, Capacitors, LED, Crystal and also Transistors.
System description
Proposed irrigation system mainly consists of two modules-
Solar pumping module and automatic irrigation module. In
solar pumping module a solar panel of required specification
is mounted near the pump set.
Then using a control circuit it is used to charge a battery.
From the battery using a converter circuit it gives power to the
water pump which is submerged inside the well. Then the water is
pumped into an overhead tank for storing water temporarily before
releasing the water into the field. In automatic irrigation module
the water outlet valve of the tank is electronically controlled by a
soil moisture sensing circuit. The sensor is placed in the field
where the crop is being cultivated. The sensor converts the
moisture content in the soil into equivalent voltage. This is given
to a sensing circuit which has a reference voltage that can be
adjusted by the farmer for setting different moisture levels for
different crops. The amount of water needed for soil is
proportional to the difference of these two voltages. A control
signal was given to a stepper motor whose rotational angle is
proportional to the difference in voltage. The stepper motor in
turns controls the crosssectional area of the valve to be opened
controlling flow of water. Therefore the amount of water flowing
is proportional to the moisture difference.

21. Implementation
For the implementation of the proposed system we are using a 2
HP water pump and various modules which are designed and
fabricated separately and then finally they are assembled together
to implement the proposed system. Solar energy is harnessed
using solar panel PVL-68 that generates 53W at Nominal
Operating Cell Temperature. It is 24V, amorphous silicon type
solar cell. Specification of the solar panel selected: Array capacity
--240Wp Irradiance – 580 W/m2 Open circuit voltage – 18.1 V
Short circuit current – 3.98 A Load test on a solar panel have been
conducted and its maximum and minimum values is tabulated
Design of converter and battery specification
An inverter is designed with a DC input of 230V D.C which is
generated from 12V D.C using a boost converter. Sine PWM

22. technique is applied to generate 230V A.C. The inverter circuit
fabricated is shown in Fig. 4. As far as battery is concerned we are
using a battery with 12V, 100Ah capacity for a 2HP pump.
Moisture sensor module
A moisture sensor is used to sense the level of moisture
content present in the irrigation field. It has a level detection
module in which we can set a reference value. This circuit
can be used with analog probes that produce a voltage
proportional to soil moisture such as VG400 probe shown
in Fig. 3. The moisture content of the soil is found by using
the soil moisture sensor such as VG400 which produces an
equivalent output voltage proportional to the conductivity
between the two probes.
Automatic valve regulation
For an automatic valve control we are using a stepper motor
as an actuator control of the valve whichis connected to
theoutlet
valve of the
tank. With
the help of
moisture
sensor
signaland a
controller, a
control pulses is given to the driver circuit that excites the
stepper motor. So this way the outlet valve is slowly opened
or closed depending upon the amount of moisture present in
the soil of the field. When the soil moisture content reaches

23. the required value, the valve is fully closed and power to
driver circuit is killed and controller is put into sleep mode
for low power consumption. When the moisture in soil is
dried and reach a minimum cut-off value, the controller
comes out of sleep mode and flow of water is regulated. This
way the whole system works automatically.
Energy Use in Irrigation
Irrigation
requires a
significant
expenditure of
fossil energy
both for
pumping and
delivering
water to crops.
Annually in
the U.S., it is estimated that 15% of the total energy
expended for all crop production is used to pump irrigation
water . Overall the amount of energy consumed in irrigated
crop production is substantially greater than that expended
for rain fed crops .
Solar energy is the most abundant source of energy in the
world. Solar power is not only an answer to today’s energy
crisis but also an environmental friendly form of energy.
Photovoltaic generation is an efficient approach for using the
solar energy.
One of the applications of this technology is used in
irrigation systems for farming. Solar powered irrigation
system can be a suitable alternative for farmers in this
present state of energy crisis. This is a green way for energy
production which provides free energy after the system is

24. developed. The Photovoltaic Page 26.454.3 energy
generation system used in this project for powering the
automated drip irrigation system is configured as shown in
Figure 1.
Soil Moisture Sensor Nodes:
Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in soil.
Measuring soil moisture is important in agriculture to help
farmers manage their irrigation systems more efficiently. Not
only are farmers
able to generally
use less water to
grow a crop, they
are able to increase
yields and the
quality of the crop
by better
management of soil
moisture during
critical plant
growth stages.
After inserting a probe into the soil for approximately 60

25. seconds a meter indicates if the soil is too dry, moist or wet
for plants. The sensor reads the amount of moisture in the
soil. The soil moisture sensors used in this project are the
solar powered SHT1x sensor series ICs from Sensirion
Figure 2
Chapter 7

26. Cost of Components
Product Used Price(in Rs)
Solar Panels
(subsidized by govt.)
Battery 450
LCD 200
Microcontroller 200
Motor 80
Soil sensor 5
Capacitor 150
LED 5
Relay 5
Transistor 10
Inverter 150
Charge Controller 180
Crystal & Resistors 10
Total:- Rs. 1445
If unsubsidized
Chapter 8

27. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
In this, the design and implementation of a smart irrigation
system, powered by solar energy was presented. The design
uses an automatic irrigation system that can be tailored to
Page 26.454.14 the type of food crop being grown. The
designed project is currently operating at the universityowned
agricultural experimental research station.
The main applications for this project are for farmers and
gardeners who do not have abundant time to water
theircrops/plants. It also covers those farmers who are
wasteful of water during irrigation. The project can be
extended togreenhouses where manual management is far and
few in between. The principle can be extended to create
completelyautomated gardens and farmlands. Collective with
the principle of rain water harvesting, it could lead to
massivewater savings if applied in the right way. In
agricultural International Journal of Engineering Science and
Computing, April 2017 10722 / lands with severe shortage of
rainfall, this model can beeffectively applied to attain great
results with most types of soil.
 APPLICATIONS
Irrigation can be completed in fields, gardens, farms etc. It is
effective for diversities of crops. This application can be used
for patient monitoring. The software application developed
for this system can be used for domestic works such as tank
storage. This system can be functioned automatically as well
as manually.
 FUTURE SCOPE

28. Rain gun sensor can be added so that when it rains there
won’t be floods and this shield the field and evades floods.
Rain water harvesting can be done and this harvested water
can be used to moisten fields. Hooters can be used so that it
gives siren at various occasions such as interruption
detection, floods etc. Using IR sensors any object passing
into fields can be detected and warned.
 RESULT
Irrigation becomes easy, accurate and practical with the
impression above shared and can be executed in agricultural
fields in future to endorse agriculture to next level. The
output from moisture sensor and level system plays vide role
in producing the output.
REFERENCES/BIBLOGRAPHY

29.  Internet
 Research Papers
 Solar Powered Automatic Irrigation System
Mr. M. A. Murtaza1 , Mr. Mragank Sharma2 , Rohit Yadav3 , Rajvardhan
Chaudhary4 , Kriti Rastogi5 Professor, Mechanical and Automation
Department, Amity University (Lucknow Campus), India1 Assistant
Professor, Mechanical and Automation Department, Amity University
(Lucknow Campus), India2 UG Student, Mechanical and Automation
Department, Amity University (Lucknow Campus), India 3, 4, 5
 Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering. ISSN 2231-1297, Volume 4, Number 4
(2014), pp. 341-346 © Research India Publications
http://www.ripublication.com/aeee.htm
Solar Powered Smart Irrigation System
S. Harishankar1 , R. Sathish Kumar2 , Sudharsan K.P, U. Vignesh and
T.Viveknath Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita
University Ettimadai, Coimbatore, India.
 Books
 Solar Electricity Handbook - 2014 Edition
 Photovoltaics: Design and Installation Manual