2. Introduction
The rate and rhythm of the heart are controlled by
the SA node. the normal cardiac rhythm is
termed sinoatrial or sinus rhythm. Disturbances of
cardiac rhythm are related to these basic
properties: abnormalities of impulse formation
(automaticity), abnormalities of impulse conduction
(conductivity), or both
Atrioventricular (AV) blocK is an interruption or
delay of electrical conduction from the atria to the
ventricles due to conduction system abnormalities in
the AV node or the His-Purkinje system. Conduction delay
or block can be physiologic if the atrial rate
is abnormally fast or pathologic at normal atrial rates.
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9. TYPE OF HEART BLOCKS
First-degree heart block
when the electrical impulse moves through the heart’s AV node more
slowly than normal. This usually results in a slower heart rate. The
condition may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, or it may cause no
symptoms at all. ITS NOT REQIRE
specific treatment side effct cause FDH
Digitalis: This medication is slow down the heart rate. If it’s taken in
high dosages or for a long period, digitalis can cause first-degree heart
block.
Beta blockers: These drugs inhibit the part of the nervous system that
speeds up the heart. This can have the side effect of delaying
electrical conduction within the heart which can cause first-degree
heart block.
Calcium channel blockers: calcium channel blockers can slow down the
conduction within the heart’s AV node, resulting in first-degree heart
block.
10. Second-degree heart block
occurs when electrical signals from the heart’s upper
chambers (atria) don’t reach the ventricles This can
result in “dropped beats.
Symptoms of sdh
Chest pain, fainting, heart palpation,breathing difficulty
,rapid breathing ,fatique
Have 2 type
Type 1: may not cause noticeable symptoms. Daily pulse
checks on your own may also be advised.
Type 2: the heart doesn’t beat effectively. It impacts the
heart’s ability to pump blood throughout the body. Often, a
pacemaker is necessary to ensure that the heart will
continue to beat regularly and efficiently.
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12. Third-degree heart block
complete, heart block means that electrical
signals can’t pass at all from the heart’s
upper chambers (atria) to its lower
chambers (ventricles). In the absence of
electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node,
the ventricles will still contract and pump
blood, but at a slower rate than usual.
With third-degree heart block, the heart
does not contract properly, and it can’t
pump blood out to the body effectively.
Symptoms same as type 2
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14. TREATMENT SA NODE
dysfunction is pacemaker implantation. Risk of
atrial fibrillation is greatly reduced when a
physiologic (atrial or atrial and ventricular)
pacemaker rather than a ventricular pacemaker
is used. Newer dual chamber pacemakers that
minimize ventricular pacing may further reduce
risk of AF.
15. When medications do not work to
correct or control atrial fibrillation, or
when medications are not tolerated, a
procedure may be necessary
to treat the abnormalheart rhythm,
such as: electrical cardioversion,
pulmonary vein antrum isolation
procedure, ablation of the AV
node followed by pacemaker
placement,
16. Medications that can cause LQTS(long qt syndrome
medications can cause LQTS,
Antihistamines
Diuretics (such as potassium or sodium)
Antiarrhythmic medicines (meds that regulate heartbeat)
Antidepressant and antipsychotic medicines
Cholesterol-lowering
Symptoms of LQts
Fainting (syncope)
Fluttering in the chest
Abnormal heart rate or rhythm (arrhythmi
Treatment for LQTS
Treatment options for LQTS include:
Medications, such as beta blockers
Surgical procedures
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or pacemaker
