difference between phrase, clause and sentence

2. Rashid Behram Khan
v. Lecturer English
UOS sub campus Bhakkar

3.  A phrase is two or more words that do not
contain the subject-verb pair necessary to
form a clause.
 Don’t have complete sense.
 Phrases can be very short or quite long.
After dinner, in the class, from a distant,
on time
While descending down from hill and
looking at the valley below he slipped.

4. A part of sentence having its own subject
and predicate, with complete sense.
Ali is a poor man. He works hard.
P P
S S
2 sentences separated by full stop
Each has its own subject and predicate.

5.  Ali is a poor man yet he works hard.
P P
S S
Conjunction
One sentence but 2 parts each having
its own subject and predicate
connected by conjunction ….. Each
part is called clause.

6.  Independent clause
 A clause that can exist on its
own..independently and has complete
sense.
 Can be separated into simple sentences.
 Ali is a good student and he works hard. He
has 3.5 cgpa yet participates in games.
 Ali is a good student. He works hard. He has
3.5 cgpa. He participates in games.
 Ali is a good student. He participates in
games. He works hard. He has 3.5 cgpa.

7.  Two ways
 1. By coordinating conjunctions
Fans boy: for, and, nor, so, but, or, yet
He is a good student and has 3.5 cgpa.
 By semi colon (;)
He is a good student; he has 3.5 cgpa.

8.  A clause that can’t exist on its own…requires
some other class for full meanings
 Depending class, actually, explanation of
independent clause.
 If you work hard, you will succeed.
 Depending clause explains independent…
how you will succeed……by working hard
 He didn’t come because of illness.
 Because he was ill is justification,
explanation of he didn’t come.

9.  Group of words giving complete sense
 Structurally sentence = subject + predicate
about whom we talk
Ali
what is said
is playing

10.  Information about subject
 What is said about subject
 Structurally predicate =
verb play
verb + object play cricket
verb + indirect O + direct O gave me gift
Verb + completement going to university

11.  According To Function It Performs…. 04 Types
1. Declarative : stating about something or
declaring state or position of some thing, with full
stop (.) at end.
UOS is high profile education institution
2. Interrogative : asking questions or inquiry,
with question mark (?)
Where are you?
Are my students gone case???
 Oh! Not at all ….They are scholar………

12. 3. Imperative : ordering , commanding…
subject is understood that is you
You Read out loudly
You Close the door
4. Exclamatory : showing emotions and
feeling with exclamatory sign (!)
How dare you do this! anger
Help me please! Request, danger

13. 
1. simple sentence = 1. independent clause
Ali is playing cricket.
 2. compound sentence =2 independent clauses
 Ali is playing but he is good at studies
 students are physically in class yet mentally
they are somewhere else
 Grammar is tough to learn; rules are difficult.
 One who can does; one who can’t teaches. (G.B
Shaw)

14.  Complex sentences =1 ind.+1dependant
clause
You are getting bore because its grammar
class
I’m here till you come
If you work sincerely, you will pass exam
easily.

15.  Compound complex = 2 ind + 1 dep.
Clause
He was at home and didn't come university
because it had been raining cats and
dogs since morning.
Be serious and start studying because its
exam time.