Prepare yourselves with certain strategies in Facing the toefl test, mainly for TOEFL ITP

1. TOEFL PREPARATION CLASS
Donal F. Lubis, S.S., M.A

2.  Preliminary:
1. Introduction to the paper-based test.
2. Sections in the test:
Section 1: Listening Comprehension (50
questions – 35 minutes)
Section 2: Structure and Written Expression
(40 questions – 25 minutes)
Section 3: Reading Comprehension (50
questions – 55 minutes)
3. References & Practice Test
4. Q & A

3. 1. Phrase 2. Clause
 PHRASE:
 A group of related words
that is used as a single
part of speech.
e.g.:
various types
adj. n
= noun phrase
 some famous people (noun
phrase)
 will analyze (verb phrase)
 in the hall (prepositional phrase)
 The theme of the campaign is
freedom. (adjective phrase)
 Mr. Ucok lives in California.
subject verb
 a clause = a simple sentence
c.f.
 Mr. Ucok, the English
lecturer in our department,
lives in California.
 Notice the VERB!!!!!!!!

4.  Sentence is a set of words that expresses a statement,
question, command, or wish.
1.A. The Basic Word Order of an English Sentence
She read the letter
seriously in her room last night
 Adverb of manner modifies the way how something is done
 Adverb of place modifies where an event takes place.
 Adverb of time modifies when an event takes place.
subject verb object adverbials
manner place time
how? where when?

5. 1.B. The Forms of a Sentence
 statement : The shops close at 7 tonight.
The shops don’t close at 7 tonight
 A question : Do the shops close at 7 tonight?
What time do the shops close?
 A command : Shut the door! [positive imperative]
Don’t shut the door! [negative
imperative]
 An exclamation: What a slow train this is!
* Command = imperative
* Exclamation = exclamatory = kalimat seru

6.  What is a complete sentence?
 REMEMBER: A sentence consists of at least a
SUBJECT and a VERB.
 He is tired.
 Imperative sentence may only have a verb in a
sentence.
Subject Verb Complement

7. “Sentences are distinguished by the clauses
they conceive.”
SENTENCE
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND
COMPLEX

8.  A compound sentence consists of two independent
clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (for,
and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
Mr. Don lives in he was raised in Ohio.
northern California.
but
Independent
clause
Independent
clause
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so

9.  A complex sentence consists of an independent
clause (the main clause) and a dependent
(subordinate) clause. The are joined by subordinating
conjunctions.
 Final grades will be available after the semester ends.
Independent clause dependent clause
Main clause Subordinate clause

10.  Adjective clauses are also called relative clauses.
Adjective
Clause marker
Use Example
Who Subject
(people)
Winslow Homer, who had no formal training in art,
became famous for his paintings of the sea.
Whom Object
(people)
That is the student whom our lecturer asks to collect
the papers.
Whose Possessive Mr. Bob is the scientist whose book I borrow.
Which/ that S/O
(things)
The book which I borrow, belongs to Mr. Bob.
Where Place That’s the house where we stay during the research.
When Time This is the time when the criminal is executed.

11.  Adverb clause is marked by subordinate
conjunctions.
1. because 10. as (sementara)
2. since (karena) 11. since (sejak)
3. although 12. until
4. Even though 13. once (time)
5. While (sedangkan) 14. before
6. If 15. after
7. Unless 16. wherever, whenever
8. when however
9. While (ketika)

12.  I'm sure that Dr. Hopkins' office is in this building.
 I don't know if (whether) Dr. Hopkins' office is on
this floor.
 Please tell me where Dr. Hopkins' office is.
Noun Clause
Markers
… that + statement
… whether/if + embedded
question
…wh- (?) + embedded
question

13.  A compound-complex sentence consists of at least
two independent clauses (joined by coordinating
conjunctions) and a dependent clause.
 Final grades will be available and it will be announced
after the semester ends.
Independent cl. Independent cl.
dependent cl.

14. 1. John loves Mary.
 Is this a simple or compound sentence?
 Construct a question to get [John] as the answer.
 Construct a question to get [Mary] as the answer.
 Who loves Mary?
 Whom Does John Love?

15. 1. We discuss the law of supply and demand on
Wednesday.
 Is this a simple or compound sentence?
 Construct a question to get [the law of supply and
demand] as the answer.
 Construct a question to get [on Wednesday] as the
answer.

16. 1. Oceanographers use robots and unmanned submarines to
explore deep parts of the ocean safely.
 Is this a simple or compound sentence?
 Construct a question to get [Oceanographers] as the
answer.
 Construct a question to get [robots and unmanned
submarines] as the answer.
 Construct a question to get [deep parts of the ocean] as
the answer.
 Construct a question to get [safely] as the answer.

17. 1. Many companies participate in the trade fair this
week.
 Is this a simple or compound sentence?
 Construct a question to get [Many companies] as the
answer.
 Construct a question to get [in the trade fair] as the
answer.
 Construct a question to get [this week] as the answer.

18. 1. Mr. Rajit explains the lecture on political ideologies in
the lecture theater on Friday Morning.
 Is this a simple or compound sentence?
 Construct a question to get [Mr. Rajit] as the answer.
 Construct a question to get [the lecture on political
ideologies] as the answer.
 Construct a question to get [political ideologies] as the
answer.
 Construct a question to get [in the lecture theater] as the
answer.
 Construct a question to get [Friday morning] as the answer.

19.  Rogers, Bruce. 2011. The Complete Guide to
the TOEFL Test: PBT Edition. Boston: Heinle
Cengage Learning.