3. What is Clause?
A clause is the principal unit of which sentences
are composed.A sentence may consists of of one
or more clauses.
A clause is a group of words having a subject and
a verb (predicate).
4. Kinds of Clauses
Clauses have two kinds
Dependent Clauses
Independent Clauses
Independent Clause:
An independent clause contains a subject and a predicate
and expresses a complete thought.It can stand alone as a
sentence by it.An independent clause is formed with :
“Students read alot of books in college.”
o 1 2
Subject Predicate
5. Contd......
Dependent Clause:
• A dependent clause begins with a subordinator such
as,when,while,if, that, who,etc.A dependent clause does
not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as
a sentence by it.A dependent clause is formed with:
• Subordinate+subject+predicate +(independent clause)
• They generally stand with these words
• After,Before,That, Although, Even though, Though,
• As,How,Unless, As if, Untill, As soon as,Since, What
• Because,So that, Whether,
Whenever,Which,Who,Whose,Whom
6. Types of Dependent Clause
Dependent clauses are of the following types
1) Noun Clause
2) Adjective Clause
3) Adverb Clause
7. Noun Clause
A noun is a dependent clause can be used as a
noun or pronoun.It can be a
Subject
Predicate Nominative
Direct Object
Appositive
Indirect Object
Object of the preposition
8. Examples of Noun Clause
What he said was nothing but a pack of lies.
1 Subject 2 Predictae
3 Subordinate
Clause
4
Independent
Clause
5 Noun Clause
9. Contd........
•
•
He is afraid of what you have shown to him.
1 Subject 2
Verb
3 Subordinating
Conjunction
4 Predicate
5 Dependent Clause as
object of preposition
6 Preposition
10. Adjective Clause
A dependent adjective (relative) clause begins
with a relative pronoun such as
who,whom,whose,which etc.An adjective clause
function as an adjective;that is it
describes/modifies a noun aor pronoun.e.g
•
Women who are not married are called spinsters.
1 Subject 2 Predicate 3 Noun
4 Adjective Clause
5 Relative Pronoun
11. Contd......
•
•
Last year we went to Karachi which is an excellent place
Noun Relative Pronoun
Adjective Clause
Independent Clause
12. Adverb Clause
A dependent adverb clause begins with an
adverbial subordinator such as
when,while,because,although ,if,so that etc.
Adverbial Clause Independent Clause
Although he is dunce he gets a good grade
Adverbial
Subject
Predicate
A dverbial
Clause
Independent Clause
