3. PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
INRODUCTION :
The word “pharmaceutical care” was first coined by
Mikeal et. Al, in 1975 and defined pharmaceutical care as “the
care that a given patient requires and receives which assures
and rational drug use”.
Since 1975, this definition underwent various modifications.
In 1990, duglas C hepler and linda M strand gave a new definition to
pharmaceutical care which is globally accepted.
Hepler and strand defined “pharmaceutical care as the responsible
provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite
outcomes that improves the patients quality of life”.
4. PHARMACEUTICAL CARE :
Pharmaceutical care focus on pharmacist attitude, behaviour, commitment
concern, ethics and functions, knowledge responsibilities and skills on the
provision of drug therapy to individual patient.
The goal is to achieve the optimal outcomes that improve the
patient quality of life. The outcome may include:
A) Care of the disease.
B)Elimination or patients reduction of symptoms.
C)Slowing of the disease progress or arrest.
D)Prevention of the disease.
E)Diagnosis of the disease.
F)Desired alteration in the physiological process.
5. DEFINITION AND PRINCIPLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL
CARE:
Pharmaceutical care as the responsible provision of drug therapy and other
patient care services for the services of achieving outcomes related to the
prevention or cure of the disease.
The elimination or reduction of patient symptoms.
The prevention, arrest or slowing of the disease processes.
It involves the process through which pharmacist in co-operation with the
patient and other health care profession designs, implemented and monitors
a therapeutic plan that will produce specific therapeutic outcomes for patient
and improve patient quality of life.
The community pharmacist are engaged in pharmaceutical care activity
6. These include.
A. blood pressure monitoring :
PRINCIPLE: It works on the principle that
blood flowing through an artery between systolic and
diastolic pressure causes vibrations in arterial wall which
can be detected and transduced into electrical signals.
Pharmaceutical care program for patients with
uncontrolled hypertension. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the efficacy of pharmaceutical
care program in treating patient’s resistant
hypertension.
7. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether community pharmacy care
improve clinical end points include hyper control drug therapy
dosing adherence to prescribed regimens, adverse drug reaction
incidence, patient understanding response to therapy and quality of
life.
b) Nutritional services and provide good diet:
Good nutrition is important to staying well. It is also an
important part of treating or managing health conditions
such as diabetes, heart diseases, Digestive disorders,
Obesity and high blood pressure.
A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition
fluid, adequate amino acids from protein, essential
fattyacids, vitamins, mineral fibre and adequate calories.
8. c) Diabetics training:
It will help you gain an understanding of caring for
people with type1 or type2 diabetes.
Diabetes courses will usually cover insulin management,
injection techniques, causes and symptoms.
d) Health screening services:
Health as a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.
These are the services provided by the health care professionals to
screen the health status of individuals with or without positive sign
and symptoms.
9. Asthma training:
It is for healthcare professionals such as practice nurses
and health care assistants that work with children and
adults.
These courses will help gain an understanding of this
chronic disease covering the symptoms, inhalers and the
factors that are associated with asthma.
Patient educational programs:
It is a planned learning experience using a combination of
methods such as teaching, counselling and behaviour modification
techniques that influence patient’s knowledge and health behaviour.
10. Immunisation programs:
It is a vaccination program launched by the government of India in
1985. It became part of child survival and safe motherhood
program in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) since 2005.
AIDS Services:
AIDS Service organisations are community based organisations
that provide support for people affected by HIV or AIDS.
These article focuses on HIV or AIDS service organisation in
United States only.
These organisations provide a wide assay of services to match the
wide assay of need, which is attributable to the interconnectedness
of health care with poverty and social issues.
11. AnticoagulantServices:
The anticoagulant services is a nurse led community service which is
responsible for the monitoring and management of people who take oral
anticoagulant drugs.
The aim is to work with patients, carers and other health case
professionals to improve the safety of these patients.
The service offers specialist advice on all issues related to anticoagulant
therapies.
SKILLS REQUIRED FOR GOOD PHARMACEUTICAL CARE PRACTICE.
a) In order to provide good pharmaceutical acre to the patients,
b) pharmacists are required to possess the following skills.
c) Good communication skills
d) Sound knowledge on therapeutics
e) Prescription interpretation skills
f) Maintenance of records
12. GOOD COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
Patient communication in clinical practice is defined as the
dialogue between the pharmacist and the patient for the purpose of
obtaining the informationneeded to assess the patient status and to provide
required support and education on drug therapy, diet and life style
modification in order to achieve the desired therapeutic outcomes.
a. Important steps involved in the communication process are
b. Opening the interview
c. Setting the stage for good communication
d. Obtain complete information
e. Control the flow of information
f. Closing the interview.
After identifying the patient who requires pharmaceutical care, the
pharmacist should go through the patient medication record to analyse
the potential drug related problems.
13. SOUND KNOWLEDGE ON THERAPEUTICS:
• It is defined as the application of medication knowledge
such as mechanism of action, fate of drug in body, dose and
dosing schedule, contraindications and drug interactions in
the management of diseases.
• This will help the pharmacist to identify potential drug
related problems and find suitable strategies to resolve them.
PRESCRIPTION INTERPRETATION SKILLS:
It is defined as the medication order given by clinician to treat
the patient before dispensing the medicines if the prescription
is reviewed pharmacist will be able to identify potential drug
related problems.
14. MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS:
Documentation of services provided to the patient will act as
proof of the pharmaceutical care practice .with the help of
software available in the market pharmacist can develop patient
medication record. This improves the patients health.
