Create a post from this respond to the following· Network probl.docx

Create a post from this respond to the following:
· Network problems occur in many organizations, in addition to
our home networks. Have you ever experienced network
problems in your home or at work? Were you able to solve the
problems? Explain in detail how you were able to solve those
problems. If you do not have any experience with network
problems, complete some research and recall steps needed to
repair network issues (from our textbook and presentations).
· Identify hardware and software tools that will help you with
common network connectivity problems. How do you utilize the
tool(s) to help resolve the issue?
Reply Post 1
Yes, at home especially while doing homework. Yes, I was able
to solve them. The main problem was finding the perfect place
for the network to reach every device without it going out. So
all I had to do was move it to a neutral spot for me so since my
room was always upstairs I just moved everything upstairs. And
now nothing goes out unless it’s a power outage or someone just
unplugs it.
Nslookup, Ipconfig/ifconfig, Connectivity Software, etc. First
always figure out what the problem is so we can know to put the
tools to use, second once you know what the problem is we can

put the tools to use.
Reply post 2
I have experienced network issues in my home, we used to have
DSL internet which goes over phone lines. We also had a house
phone. They gave us filters to use for the house phones so that
the internet traffic would not interfere with the voice
communications on the phone. We accidentally plugged in the
filters inline with the computers and were not able to get much
network traffic at all. This drove us crazy for weeks, trying to
figure out what was wrong. Remember to always start with the
simple stuff, check your connections.
IPscanner will help tell you of any devices currently on most
networks, this is helpful when you can just plug in to a random
network and see everyone's IP. You can verify that printers are
online, you can check for security devices and much more.
Another good tool is a RJ45 cable tester, this will help you
determine if you have a bad cable or not. The biggest problems
can come from something as simple as a small defect in a cable.
Han Dynasty 206 BCE -220 CE
Formation of the Han

Confucianism
Chinese Society under the Han
Long Term Stresses [Start Here]
The Later Han Dynasty 25-220 CE
The Western Roman Empire [next slide set]
World Civilization I
Films on Demand:
The Ancient World: Civilizations and Ideas
Ancient China
http://fod.infobase.com/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=129081&loid=
449742&tScript=0
Short Video Introduction to the
Chinese Dynasties
Warring States Period
in China
Period of wars between various regional states 481-221 BCE
New profession of trained diplomats/ political advisors
Period of economic growth
Period of the “Hundred Masters”

C. 221 BCE, the Qin become the most powerful state
202 BCE-220 CE: Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty
206 BCE -220 CE
Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty in 206 BCE after a series of
rebellions overthrew the Qin Dynasty.
Kept much of the Qin bureaucratic system and legal system
Spread claim that the Qin had fallen due to a “lack of moral
values”
Affirmed Confucian ideals

The Mandate of Heaven
Confucius (K’ung Chung-ni) (551-479 BCE) and Confucianism
Below: From the Confucius Museum, Qufu, Shandong Province:
A Song dynasty (960-1279) statue of Confucius and a portrait of
Confucius from the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).
Born before the Han dynasty, during the Warring States period
Traveled to different states offering his services as an advisor
Wanted to reclaim lost ideals of the early Zhou (dynasty before
the warring states period)
Emphasis on respect for traditions, family, and social order
Chinese Society, Culture, and Beliefs under the Han
Key period of change 141 - 87 BCE. Started under Emperor
Wu,
Expansion of government control over localities
Development of centralized schools and universities to train
bureaucrats and scholars
Civil service examination
Focus on Confucian classics

Long Term Stresses of the Han Dynasty
Long term stresses of controlling a large territory and
maintaining a large army
Tensions between court officials (worked in the royal palace)
and Confucian bureaucrats who worked outside the palace
Series of droughts during the last decades BCE and climate
fluctuations c. 250 CE
Growth of large landowners and peasant rebellions
Tensions with nomadic groups to the North
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1984.397/
9
Rebellion of peasants and rule of Wang Mang (regent) (r. 9-23

CE)
Confiscated gold from the elite to the poor
Had private estates divided up among the landless
Opposition from wealthy landowners, nomadic invasions, and
natural disasters lead to end of Wang Mang’s rule in c. 23 CE
Formation of “new” Han dynasty c. 25 CE
The Later Han Dynasty
(25-220 CE)
The Decline of the Han to 220 CE
More conservative ethos after the fall of Wang Mang, favoring
elite
More hands off approach to the economy and more tax
exceptions for the elite
Continued flooding
Resentment of growing social inequality
Yellow Turban Rebellion in 184 CE
Lead by Taoist clerics with a 360,000 peasant army
Yellow Turban Rebellion defeated, but showed divisions within
Han society.
Break up of the Han empire c. 220 CE

HANDY Study Thesis Review
The Persian Empire 549 to 330 BCE
Formation
Darius I
Zoroastrianism
The Persian Wars 499-479 BCE
Instability in the Persian Empire 464-331 BCE
“By investigating the human-nature dynamics of these past
cases of collapse, the project identifies the most salient
interrelated factors which explain civilizational decline, and
which may help determine the risk of collapse today: namely,
Population, Climate, Water, Agriculture, and Energy.”
“These factors can lead to collapse when they converge to
generate two crucial social features: "the stretching of resources
due to the strain placed on the ecological carrying capacity";
and "the economic stratification of society into Elites [rich] and
Masses (or "Commoners") [poor]" These social phenomena have
played "a central role in the character or in the process of the
collapse," in all such cases over "the last five thousand years."
The HANDY Study
(2014)http://www.theguardian.com/environment/earth-

insight/2014/mar/14/nasa-civilisation-irreversible-collapse-
study-scientists
The Persian Empire
549 to 331 BCE
The Persian Empire
549 to 331 BCE
Begun in 549 BCE by Cyrus (leader of a Persian tribe)
Invaded Mesopotamia in 539 BCE
Allowed conquered territories latitude in government, culture,
language, and religion
Cyrus’s son, Cymbyses, conquered Egypt in 525 BCE
Darius I and the Persian Empire (r. 521-486 BCE)
Divided empire into provinces, called Satrapies, ruled by a local
governor called a Satrap
Standardized currency and weights and measures

Built the ceremonial capital “Persepolis”, a canal from the Nile
to the Red Sea, and the “Royal Road” (1,600 miles long)
First postal system
Did not enforce a common religion
Zoroastrianism
Below: from Persepolis, Faravahar Symbol
Founded by Zarathustra (Zoroaster) c. 900 BCE
Critical of Persian polytheism
Religion of the Persian Emperors (560 BCE to 331 BCE)
One supreme God, Ahura-Mazda, who is the essence of light,
truth and righteousness
Ahriman, a weaker god, controls the forces of darkness
Individuals make the choice between good and evil, with
rewards and punishments in the afterlife

Belief that in the future there will be an epic struggle between
the forces of good and evil, ending with the final defeat of
Ahriman.
End of struggle followed by the final judgment of all the dead
Some scholars consider early Zoroastrianism to be
Monotheistic, some Dualistic
Zoroastrianism
Continued
The Persian Wars (492-449 BCE)
War with the Greeks
Persian Wars 499-479 BCE
The Ionian Revolt (499-494 BCE)
In 501 BCE, the Greek city state Miletus rebelled against the
Persian Emperor. The rebellion was put down in 494 BCE.

The Persian Wars: Major Events
The Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)
In 490 BCE, Persian Emperor Darius sent 20,000 soldiers to
attack Athens and Eretria.
The Athenians attacked the Persian army when they were
watering their horses and defeated the Persians.
The Invasion of Xerxes (480-479 BCE)
Xerxes, son of Darius, launched an invasion of Greece to
avenge his father’s defeat.
August 480 BCE, Spartans hold off Persians at Thermopylae,
while Athenians attack at sea. Final defeat of the Persians in
479 BCE.
Death of Xerxes in 464 BCE
Increasing problems with local revolts as the leaders of the
Satrapies became more powerful
Balance of local and state power

No strong imperial identity?
Increased taxes, in part to address revolts and strengthen rule
Gold and silver shortage
Instability in the Persian Empire
March of the 10,000 demonstrated weakness of the Persian
Empire and army
c. 401-399 BCE
Greek mercenaries (hired to fight in the rebellion of Cyrus the
younger against the emperor Artaxerxes II) fought their way
back from the center of the Persian Empire (Cunaxa) to the
Black Sea.
Instability in the Persian Empire Continued
“March of the 10,000” Map
Persian Emperor Darius III defeated by Alexander the Great in
331 BCE
Alexander still had to fight hard to bring all areas under control
Conquest of the Persian Empire

Empire of Alexander the Great
Professor Cieglo
Instructions and Questions for Take-Home Exam #2 (15 points)
Due Thursday, March 28th by 11:59 PM on Blackboard
You are REQUIRED to attach your Exam in a Word document
or PDF format
Instructions for Take-Home Exams (READ CAREFULLY!):
• The take-home question should be typed in 12-pt font, double
spaced, with standard margins.
Attach your exam in Blackboard as a Word Document (.docx or
.doc) or PDF (.pdf)
• Any information not taken from class or the course readings
should be cited using MLA format.
If you cite outside sources, you should only use reliable sources
written by experts on the subject
(no Wikipedia!) Not citing outside sources will be considered
plagiarism and academic
dishonesty.
• Information from the textbook and class lectures should be

paraphrased in the student’s own
words. Direct copying from the textbook or any other source
word for word or by only changing
minor wording will be considered plagiarism and academic
dishonesty.
• Plagiarism and academic dishonesty result in an “F” grade (0
points) for the entire exam.
• I will grade exactly what you turn in, so be sure to DOUBLE
CHECK your file and file name
before attaching. DO NOT open your file once it is attached in
Blackboard.
Questions for Take-Home Exam #2:
• Minimum 150 words per question, although longer is
suggested for questions 1 and 2.
• For Questions 1 and 2, your answers should be 2-3 paragraphs
long and be supported with
specific historical examples. Each paragraph should have a
topic sentence, evidence, and analysis.
• For Question 3, your answer should be 1-2 paragraphs long.
Each paragraph should have a topic
sentence, evidence, and analysis.
1) Select EITHER a) The Kush/Meroe (c. 1500 BCE to c. 340
CE) OR b) the Persian Empire (549 to
331 BCE). Explain how (if at all) the HANDY study thesis
applies to the fall of the empire you selected
and if there were other factors involved in the fall not covered
by the HANDY thesis.

2) Select EITHER a) The Western Roman Empire (509 BCE to
476 CE,) OR b) The Han Dynasty
(206 BCE to 220 CE.) Explain how (if at all) the HANDY study
thesis applies to the fall of the empire
you selected and if there were other factors involved in the fall
not covered by the HANDY thesis.
3) Based the on the two answers above would you modify the
HANDY thesis to better explain the fall of
empires? If so, how? Or, if you would not change the HANDY
thesis, why would you not change it?
Summary of HANDY Thesis: In the 2014 Human and Nature
Dynamics (HANDY) study led by Safa
Motesharrei, the authors identify "the stretching of resources
due to the strain placed on the ecological
carrying capacity"; and "the economic stratification of society
into Elites [rich] and Masses (or
"Commoners") [poor]" as two crucial social features that play a
central role in the collapse or
fragmentation of civilizations. See the reading guide for a full
summary of the study.
Note for Academic Support Center and Writing Center Tutors:
Tutors may help students with understanding the class
readings and materials, understanding the essay questions, with
general tips on how to put together an essay, and point out
errors
in essay outlines or drafts. Tutors should not develop
arguments, give answers, or create an outline for the student.
Nasa-Funded Study: Industrial Civilization Headed for
'Irreversible Collapse'?

Dr Nafeez Ahmed, The Guardian (UK), last revised March 26th
2014
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/earth-
insight/2014/mar/14/nasa-civilisation-irreversible-collapse-
study-scientists
A new study partly-sponsored by Nasa's Goddard Space Flight
Center has highlighted the prospect that global industrial
civilization could collapse in coming decades due to
unsustainable resource exploitation and increasingly unequal
wealth distribution.
Noting that warnings of 'collapse' are often seen to be fringe or
controversial, the study attempts to make sense of compelling
historical data showing that "the process of rise-and-collapse is
actually a recurrent cycle found throughout history." Cases of
severe civilizational disruption due to "precipitous collapse -
often lasting centuries - have been quite common."
The independent research project is based on a new cross-
disciplinary 'Human And Nature DYnamical' (HANDY) model,
led by applied mathematician Safa Motesharrei of the US
National Science Foundation-supported National Socio-
Environmental Synthesis Center, in association with a team of
natural and social scientists. The HANDY model was created
using a minor Nasa grant, but the study based on it was
conducted independently. The study based on the HANDY
model has been accepted for publication in the peer-reviewed
Elsevier journal, Ecological Economics.
It finds that according to the historical record even advanced,
complex civilizations are susceptible to collapse, raising
questions about the sustainability of modern civilization:
"The fall of the Roman Empire, and the equally (if not more)
advanced Han, Mauryan, and Gupta Empires, as well as so many
advanced Mesopotamian Empires, are all testimony to the fact
that advanced, sophisticated, complex, and creative civilizations
can be both fragile and impermanent."
By investigating the human-nature dynamics of these past cases
of collapse, the project identifies the most salient interrelated

factors which explain civilizational decline, and which may help
determine the risk of collapse today: namely, Population,
Climate, Water, Agriculture, and Energy.
These factors can lead to collapse when they converge to
generate two crucial social features: "the stretching of resources
due to the strain placed on the ecological carrying capacity";
and "the economic stratification of society into Elites [rich] and
Masses (or "Commoners") [poor]" These social phenomena have
played "a central role in the character or in the process of the
collapse," in all such cases over "the last five thousand years."
Currently, high levels of economic stratification are linked
directly to overconsumption of resources, with "Elites" based
largely in industrialized countries responsible for both:
"... accumulated surplus is not evenly distributed throughout
society, but rather has been controlled by an elite. The mass of
the population, while producing the wealth, is only allocated a
small portion of it by elites, usually at or just above subsistence
levels."
The study challenges those who argue that technology will
resolve these challenges by increasing efficiency:
"Technological change can raise the efficiency of resource use,
but it also tends to raise both per capita resource consumption
and the scale of resource extraction, so that, absent policy
effects, the increases in consumption often compensate for the
increased efficiency of resource use."
Productivity increases in agriculture and industry over the last
two centuries has come from "increased (rather than decreased)
resource throughput," despite dramatic efficiency gains over the
same period.
Modelling a range of different scenarios, Motesharrei and his
colleagues conclude that under conditions "closely reflecting
the reality of the world today... we find that collapse is difficult
to avoid." In the first of these scenarios, civilization:
".... appears to be on a sustainable path for quite a long time,
but even using an optimal depletion rate and starting with a very
small number of Elites, the Elites eventually consume too much,

resulting in a famine among Commoners that eventually causes
the collapse of society. It is important to note that this Type-L
collapse is due to an inequality-induced famine that causes a
loss of workers, rather than a collapse of Nature."
Another scenario focuses on the role of continued resource
exploitation, finding that "with a larger depletion rate, the
decline of the Commoners occurs faster, while the Elites are
still thriving, but eventually the Commoners collapse
completely, followed by the Elites."
In both scenarios, Elite wealth monopolies mean that they are
buffered from the most "detrimental effects of the
environmental collapse until much later than the Commoners",
allowing them to "continue 'business as usual' despite the
impending catastrophe." The same mechanism, they argue,
could explain how "historical collapses were allowed to occur
by elites who appear to be oblivious to the catastrophic
trajectory (most clearly apparent in the Roman and Mayan
cases)."
Applying this lesson to our contemporary predicament, the
study warns that:
"While some members of society might raise the alarm that the
system is moving towards an impending collapse and therefore
advocate structural changes to society in order to avoid it,
Elites and their supporters, who opposed making these changes,
could point to the long sustainable trajectory 'so far' in support
of doing nothing."
However, the scientists point out that the worst-case scenarios
are by no means inevitable, and suggest that appropriate policy
and structural changes could avoid collapse, if not pave the way
toward a more stable civilization.
The two key solutions are to reduce economic inequality so as
to ensure fairer distribution of resources, and to dramatically
reduce resource consumption by relying on less intensive
renewable resources and reducing population growth:
"Collapse can be avoided and population can reach equilibrium
if the per capita rate of depletion of nature is reduced to a

sustainable level, and if resources are distributed in a
reasonably equitable fashion."
The NASA-funded HANDY model offers a highly credible
wake-up call to governments, corporations and business - and
consumers - to recognize that 'business as usual' cannot be
sustained, and that policy and structural changes are required
immediately.
Although the study based on HANDY is largely theoretical - a
'thought-experiment' - a number of other more empirically-
focused studies - by KPMG and the UK Government Office of
Science for instance - have warned that the convergence of
food, water and energy crises could create a 'perfect storm'
within about fifteen years. But these 'business as usual'
forecasts could be very conservative.
Link to Full Study:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S09218009140
00615

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