Why Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Why Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases which affect the amount of glucose in the blood. The high
blood glucose levels are caused by the body not being able to produce enough insulin to meet its
metabolic needs. Insulin is a hormone released from the pancreas which controls the amount of
glucose in the blood. When there is too much glucose in the blood insulin will be released which
will move glucose into the cells. Once in the cells the glucose is used as an energy source or it is
stored as glycogen. There are two diseases which fall under diabetes mellitus which are type I and
type II. In type I diabetes the body cannot produce insulin due to the destruction of the pancreatic
beta cells. Type II diabetes is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Polydipsia is also caused by hyperglycemia and due to dehydration as a result of polyuria. The
fatigue and weakness is thought to be caused by caused by muscle breakdown as a result of insulin
deficiency. Lastly, blurred vision is caused by the effects of hyperglycemia on the lens and the
vitreous humor. The excessive amount of glucose causes swelling of the lens, which results in vision
problems.
Gastrointestinal symptoms include: right upper quadrant pain and autonomic neuropathy if in late
stage. Right upper quadrant pain in associated with acute fatty liver disease which is one of the
complications of untreated type I diabetes. It is also caused by being overweight. Lastly, autonomic
neuropathy is a nerve disorder that affects involuntary body functions, including heart rate, blood
pressure, perspiration and digestion. It refers to damage to the autonomic nerves, which disrupt
signals between the brain and portions of the autonomic nervous system, such as the heart, blood
vessels and sweat glands. This leads to abnormal performance of involuntary body functions. This
symptom usually presents itself after many years of chronic prolonged hyperglycemia.
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Types And Types Of Diabetes
Many families have been affected by the disease I have chosen to research. Starting with my Great
Grandmother and Grand Parents have to test their glucose level couple times a day. Diabetes which
is also called diabetes mellitus deals with how the body processes the sugar in the blood. We are
going to be talking about the most common types of diabetes; Type 2, Type 1, Prediabetes and
Gestational diabetes. We will be discussing Type 2 and Type 1 diabetes in this paper.
Type 1 diabetes is due to the body not producing enough insulin (Type 1 Diabetes). Type 1 is also
called juvenile diabetes. Most juveniles and young adults are diagnosed with Type 1. When eating
sugars and starches your body breaks it down into glucose and then it is used ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
If it is low or normal reading it is important to eat fruits or small type of carbohydrate before
working out. If doing a stress exercise routine it could cause the glucose levels to run high due to a
higher amount of hormones being discharged (Exercise and Type 1 Diabetes).
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. With this form of diabetes your body does not
know how to properly use insulin, also known as insulin resistance (Type 2 Diabetes). The pancreas
supplies your body with insulin and begins to make extra insulin to make up what your body needs.
As time passes the pancreas is no longer able to do its job and keep the glucose levels normal (Type
2 Diabetes). There are options to help and control the glucose levels within a normal range such as;
lifestyle changes in food and activities, and medication.
Type 1 and Type2 diabetes have the same requirements when it comes to monitoring glucose levels,
daily exercise and watching what foods are eaten. Type 2 diabetes will require a stricter guideline to
follow when it comes to the daily diet. The blood sugar levels have to be checked before every meal
and insulin given depending on the glucose reading. This also helps with deciding what you can and
cannot eat to help maintain a healthy glucose level.
Your body stays at the Hyperglycemia levels more with Type 2 diabetes. This wears the body down
quickly. Instead of glucose going into the cells it builds up in the blood system and causes more
issues

Diabetes: The Sugar Disease
The Sugar Disease When a person has the "Sugar Disease", otherwise known as diabetes, everything
else in the body is compromised. The abilities to feed, grow, repair, detoxify, and heal the body are
all changed. Digestion is the mechanical and chemical process of breaking down food and changing
nutrients into forms your body can use which all takes place in your digestive tract that extends from
your mouth to your rectum. Diabetes is a disorder that affects a person's metabolism, which is the
use of nutrients to provide energy. Glucose is the body's main source of energy. Most foods we eat
are broken down into glucose, the form of sugar in the blood, and enter the bloodstream after
digestion. The glucose enters cells throughout the body to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The first peak occurs in children between 4 and 7 years old and the second is in children between 10
and 14 years old. Diabetes is increasing despite continual advances in medical care. It is the largest
health problem in North America, Australia, and Europe. It has been factored that twenty million
Americans and Canadians have type 2 diabetes and it is estimated that millions more people just
haven't been diagnosed yet. But type 2 diabetes is also increasing dangerously among children,
adolescents and younger adults. To prevent type 2 diabetes it's very good to be lean and exercise.
Foods, vitamins, trace elements and herbs can prevent and treat type 2. Symptoms of diabetes
include: increased thirst, frequent urination, wetting the bed in children who usually didn't wet the
bed during the night, extreme hunger, unintended drastic weight loss, irritability and other mood
changes, fatigue and weakness, blurred vision, and a vaginal yeast infection. Additional symptoms
related to type 2 are slow healing of sores or frequent infections because type 2 affects the ability to
health and resist infections, and a condition called acanthosis nigricans (patches of dark skin in the
folds and crease of the body) may be a sign of insulin resistance. Treatments for diabetes include
healthy eating with a physician, regular exercise, possibly diabetes medication or insulin therapy,
and blood sugar monitoring. These steps will help keep your blood sugar level close to normal,
which can delay or prevent complications. Type 2 is a nutritional disease and thus can be prevented,
controlled, and reversed with nutritional treatments. However, type 1 diabetes is irreversible, but
you can still look to nutrition to reduce your insulin dosages, minimize complications and greatly
improve your quality of life. With proper treatment, people with type 1 diabetes can

Adult Onset Diabetes : Type 2 Diabetes
Adult–Onset Diabetes, also known as Type 2 diabetes, is a condition that affects the metabolizing of
sugar within your body; this is one of the body's most important sources for fuel so it is crucial for
the function to work or for you to be in control of the condition. The disease is most common in
adults, but it is becoming more common in children because of the increase in childhood obesity in
America and across the World. (Staff, Mayo Clinic 2016) Beginning in the 1990's investigators
began to observe that in some regions of the United States, Type 2 diabetes is as frequent as Type 1
diabetes mellitus in children and teens. Type 2 diabetes is a serious and costly disease. There are
many chronic complications that can arise, including ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Staff, Mayo Clinic 2016) There are three main causes to developing Type 2 Diabetes. The most
common is insulin resistance. Insulin is a hormone that comes from the pancreas. The pancreas
secretes this hormone to the bloodstream, where it then circulates to give sugar to the cells within
our body. Glucose is extremely important, it is the main source of energy for our cells that make up
our muscles and other tissues. Glucose is able to enter the cells with the help of insulin. Insulin
lowers the amount of sugar in your bloodstream so as the sugar levels drop, the secretion of insulin
from your pancreas does as well. However, in Type 2 diabetes the process does not always work as
it should and sugar often builds up in your blood stream. (Staff, Mayo Clinic 2016) You do not have
to be insulin resistant to develop this type of diabetes though. A second cause could be your family
history and genetics, as it can be hereditary. Just because your mother or father had this type of
diabetes does not mean that you are guaranteed to develop it, but you become much more likely to.
As of right now researchers are not sure which genes carry the risk, but research is being done to
figure out the genetic

Essay about Health Risk Associated With Childhood Obesity
Childhood obesity is a disease where excess body fat affects a child's health or wellbeing. With the
number of children affected by the disease increasing, it is important to understand the
consequences. Not only will obesity influence a child's physical heath, but it can also affect their
emotional and social health as well. Acknowledging that obesity is a preventable disease should help
lower the number of children affected by it. It is not about dieting; it is a lifestyle change that should
be adopted and practiced by the whole family. Being obese increases a child's risk of being an obese
adult. I will argue that parent education regarding the physical and emotional effects of childhood
obesity can protect the lives of children. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When dealing with a cardiovascular disorder, a child's heart has to work harder in order for that
child to be able to accomplish everyday tasks. Heart disease is not a major cause of death in
children, but it is the number one cause of death among adults in the United States. It is silly, and
even worse, sad to see a life taken away by a condition that could have been prevented. Another
disease that can be carried into adulthood is Type–2 Diabetes. Type–2 diabetes occurs when the
blood sugar levels are above normal. It is a lifelong disease which has to be maintained on a daily
basis. When a child has Type–2 Diabetes, their body does not respond correctly to insulin. This is
called insulin resistance. Insulin resistance means that fat, liver, and muscle cells do not respond
normally to insulin. Insulin carries sugar from blood to the cells, where it is used for energy. If there
is insulin resistance, blood sugar does not get into cells to be stored for energy. It is one of the
leading causes of coronary heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, amputation, and blindness. When a
child becomes overweight, it causes cells to change, and in turn causes them to become resistant to
hormone insulin. This is why insulin shots are used to help control diabetes. In order to control or
prevent complications, a child could lose weight or increase the level of physical activity, doing so
will help maintain blood

Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate in
both developing and developed countries.1 Obesity is associated with a heterogeneity of metabolic
abnormalities, e.g., dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hypertension that may
provide a plausible biologic link between obesity and the increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity
and mortality. Metabolic syndrome
(MS) has been defined as a cluster of risk factors for atherosclerosis that include insulin resistance,
dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity and often hypertension. The clustering of these risk factors for
cardiovascular disease (CVD) is referred to as (MS).2,3 Patients with MS are at increased risk of
cardiovascular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Patients and methods
A total of 60 obese children and adolescents aged 8–18 years;
38 boys and 22 girls were enrolled from attendants of pediatric genetic and endocrinology unit and
pediatric outpatient clinic of Menoufia University Hospitals, Egypt. Some female adolescents
especially from rural areas refuse to share in our study that is why we have higher male: female ratio
in our sample of patients 1.7:1. We included in our study both children and adolescents to have a
relatively larger sample of patients. Written consent had been taken from every child included in the
study or their participant parents. While collecting data, those who had secondary or known genetic
causes of obesity were excluded. Children and adolescents were assessed carefully in terms of
family history, blood pressure, and skin findings as acanthosis nigricans.
Anthropometric assessments
All anthropometric measurements were taken with stress on body height and weight that were
measured in light clothes using a portable stadiometer. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as
weight divided by the square of the height (kg/m2).
Obesity was defined

Diabetes Mellitus : An Autoimmune Disease And Affects The...
Carla Rodriguez
MED 2056
Diabetes Mellitus
Instructor Anglo
March 11, 2015
Pathophysiology
Diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease and affects the body's metabolism of carbohydrates.
There are varying types of diabetes but patients are predominantly diagnosed with type 1 or 2. Type
1 is an insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and type 2 is a non–insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Patients are tested for diabetes by undergoing blood sugar tests or urinalysis. Typical symptoms are
increased thirst, frequent urination, slowed healing, weight loss, excessive hunger, blurred vision
and integument issues. Though this condition varies in severity, most patients can be treated with
medications, by balancing their diets, and monitoring their blood sugar levels.
Patients with type 1 diabetes are believed to have acquired it through genetic disposition or an
autoimmune abnormality caused by an environmental trigger. Essentially, the body's pancreatic beta
cells are destroyed, which in turn, inhibits the pancreas from either producing or secreting insulin.
This caused a disarraying effect to all body systems. The cause of type 2 diabetes is said to be from
an "imbalance between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion" (Ralph A. DeFronzo). The pancreas
is not producing adequate levels of insulin, seizing production of insulin or the insulin that is
produced isn't being used well (Kullman, 2006, p.146). This is an issue because sugar stays
sedentary in the

Type 2 Diabetes In My Family Essay
Diabetes is one of the many diseases that run in my family. I can name more than five diseases that
are in my family, but in this case I won't, because I want to give people some in depth research on
diabetes (and to be more specific; prediabetes and type 2 diabetes) because the disease itself has
taken my grandma's life because she didn't take care of herself like she was suppose to and didn't
have a healthy lifestyle and now my father is on the same exact road as her and if he doesn't change
his lifestyle as soon as possible, and I might lose him too, sooner than I might of thought.
For some of you that don't know what diabetes is, it's a group of diseases that result in too much
sugar in the blood, or high blood glucose. And as well as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, it also affect most people from the ages 41
and over, this disease can usually last for years or even a lifetime. And is usually caused when your
body resists insulin or when your pancreas doesn't provide enough insulin, and doctors don't seem to
know how this happens. But in most cases excess weight and inactivity, seem to be contributing
causes. As said before there are many red flags on knowing if you have Type 2 diabetes, some of
these red flag symptoms contain; Increased thirst, frequent urination, increased hunger, weight loss,
fatigue, blurred vision, slow–healing sores or frequent infections, and areas of darkened skin also
known as acanthosis nigricans. Having type 2 diabetes may come with a lot of self treatment and
medical treatment. Self treatment includes healthy eating such as a whole lot of fruits, vegetables,
and whole grain, you're also going to exercise on a daily basis – which means at least 30 minutes of
aerobic exercise, stretching and strength training, combined with resistance training, such as
weightlifting or yoga twice a week – also monitoring your blood pressure, and diabetes medications
and insulin therapy, in which some cases people can't really achieve their target blood sugar level so
they are put on diabetes medicine and/or insulin

Medical Causes of Obesity Essay
Close your eyes and picture this, you are outside of a favorite cafe looking for a table. You are just
about to sit on the patio to enjoy a steaming hot cup of coffee, when you look to over and see the
most disgusting sight ever. He looks absolutely mountainous; there are rolls upon rolls suffocating
his body. Food is flying everywhere, lettuce is being launched through the air, and there are pieces
of meat all over the table and floor. You are astounded to see that he is trying to snag his third
burger. You then walk away utterly shocked that someone can let their dog get that fat. That is right
what I was describing was about a canine, not a human being, which is what I bet you thought while
reading the description. Society and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When these glands get damaged which can happen in numerous ways like, for example the gland
getting inflamed or through an autoimmune disease, it can cause hypothyroidism
("Hypothyroidism," 2010). Hypothyroidism is a medical condition where the thyroid gland does not
produce enough thyroid hormones. When this happens it affects your metabolism by slowing the
process down, and when you metabolism is slow you are extremely likely to gain weight (Pick,
2005). Unlike Hypothyroidism, the next disease causes obesity in a completely different way. The
next condition that contributes to obesity is Cushing's disease. While this disease may not be quite
as common as hypothyroidism, it still manages to affect around fifteen–million people each year.
Cushing's disease is a condition where the body is exposed to a high amount of cortisol. This
syndrome can be caused in two ways. The first way this is that the body itself produces too much
cortisol ("Cushing's Syndrome," n.d). The second way is when a person takes a corticosteroid
medication (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2010). During both ways, the excessive cortisol causes the body to
"shift energy in the form of fat" ("Cushing's Segment," 2010). The disease causes weight gain in the
upper body, especially in the face and abdomen regions. There will also tend to be a lot of fat
deposits in the cheeks, which causes people to have the appearance

Crouzon Syndrome
CROUZON SYNDROME A CASE REPORT
ABSTRACT: Crouzon's Syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. Normally, the sutures in
the human skull fuse after the complete growth of the brain, but if any of these sutures close early
then it may interfere with the growth of the brain. The disease is characterized by premature
synostosis of coronal and sagittal sutures, which begins in the first year of life. We report a case of
6–year–old male child presented with diminution of vision and protrusion of eyeball. Diagnosis was
made on the basis of clinical and radiological findings.
KEYWORDS: Crouzon syndrome, premature synostosis, fibroblast growth factor
INTRODUCTION: The craniosynostoses are rare group of congenital condition in which an ...
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In the first year of life, it is preferred to release the synostotic sutures of the skull to allow adequate
cranial volume thus allowing for brain growth and expansion. Skull reshaping may need to be
repeated as the child grows to give the best possible results. [4,9] Prophylactic dental care is
essential. Some teeth may need to be extracted to relieve crowding as the child develops. Functional
space maintainer can also be used. Placement of orthodontic braces to expand the palate and align
the teeth is often required. Preventive regimen consists of regular

Analysis Of Dr. Slusser's Article Young Kids, Old Bodies
All of humankind knows that obesity is a real damaging part of our children's lives; therefore,
programs that address obesity are being created. These programs take into account different
variables depending on how much they want to address. "Rather than trying to zero in on any single
factor, a dynamic–systems approach is needed: Many factors, over time, make a child overweight"
(Berger 2014, pg. 250). In the article "Young Kids, Old Bodies" by Alice Park, Park talks about
some programs designed for childhood obesity. Firstly we are introduced to Dr. Slusser's program;
the Fit for Healthy Weight program at Mattel Children's Hospital. "The core of her program,
however, involves communicating with kids in a style known as motivational interviewing. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Acanthosis nigricans is "a darkening and thickening of the skin in the back of the neck that can
signal prediabetes"(Park 44). Then children who have these symptoms would be sent home with a
letter, Park explains that it would be no different than sending them home if they had lice. Even
though this is a good strategy for finding early symptoms, it is not a very effective preventative for
obesity. To clarify, most parents will not know what to do with that information, some might even
argue that it is wrong or that it is a lie. The only way I personally see this as being effective is if the
parent after reading the letter takes their child to the doctor for an examination. Then for the doctor
to set up a program that further addresses

Diabetes ( Type 2 )
DIABETES (Type 2)
"Diabetes causes 6 deaths every minute and one in 20 deaths in the world is due to the condition.
Every year it is estimated that 3.2 million people in the world die due to the diabetes or its related
causes."
Diabetes Type 2 is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar
(glucose). Researchers don 't fully understand why some people develop type 2 diabetes and others
don 't. It 's clear, however, that certain factors increase the risk, including: Family History: If parents
or siblings develop type 2 diabetes, your risk of developing it increases. Weight: The more fatty
tissue you have, the more resistant your cells become to insulin. Being overweight is a main risk
factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Inactivity: Being physically active helps to control weight,
makes your cells more sensitive to insulin, and uses glucose as energy. Therefore, being inactive
puts you at a greater risk of being overweight and developing type 2 diabetes. Age: After age 45 the
risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases. Researchers believe this is true because people tend to
exercise less, lose muscle mass and gain weight as they get older. Race: African Americans,
Hispanics, Asian–Americans, and American Indians are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes that
Caucasians. Prediabetes: Prediabetes is a condition in which your blood sugar level is higher than
normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. Left untreated, prediabetes

Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes : Emergence And Preventive...
Pediatric type 2 diabetes: Emergence and Preventive Measures Type 2 diabetes, diabetes mellitus, is
a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels in the bloodstream; usually caused by
the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin or the inability of the body to use it efficiently. This
condition occurs mostly in adults, but it can also appear in children, teenagers, and young adults.
Considered one of the fastest growing health problems in the United States, diabetes now affects
29.1 million people, where only 21.0 million are diagnosed and 8.9 million are undiagnosed (Center
for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Dana Dabelea et. al (2014) reported that from 2001 to
2009, cases of diabetes among youth increased 35% in different regions of the United States,
including California, Colorado, Ohio, South Carolina, Washington, Arizona and New Mexico.
Overall, in 2010 the US Census recorded that 24.0% of the population are youth under the age of 18
from which about 0.25% of those children have been diagnosed with diabetes in 2008 and 2009
(Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). More recent data indicates that the number of
prevalence among youth continues to increase, and in 2014, about 20,000 children had type 2
diabetes (Narasimhan and Weinstock, 2014). Yet, even though there are still discussions on the
different tools used to diagnose type 2 diabetes, it is prevalent most commonly among the minority
population, but efforts to educate

Malignant Mesothelioma Case Study
A 72–year–old former miner with metastatic pulmonary mesothelioma is brought to the emergency
department after his caregiver finds him unresponsive. The caregiver provides all of the history and
she states that over the past week, the man has been complaining of dyspnea, chest pain and has
become disoriented and delirious. Examination reveals a cachectic male exhibiting Cheyne–Stokes
respiration who does not respond to any commands. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 60
beats/min, respirations are 23 breaths/min, and blood pressure is 140/70 mmHg. He responds to
painful stimuli in all four extremities. His pupils are equal in size, reactive, and light responsive.
Gag reflex is intact, along with corneal reflex. Mucous membranes and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This patient's kidney function is normal, which makes this diagnosis unlikely. Acute tubular necrosis
is diagnosed with a fractional excretion of sodium > 3% and presence of muddy casts in the
urinalysis.
Choice "B" is not the best answer. Ectopic ACTH secretion presents as a paraneoplastic syndrome in
patients with small–cell lung cancer, pancreatic carcinoma, neural tumors and thymomas. Elevated
ACTH levels present with hyperglycemia, cushingoid features, acanthosis nigricans, cutaneous tags
in the axilla, osteoporosis, polyuria, and hypertension.
Choice "D" is not the best answer. While parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) is secreted
by mesotheliomas rarely, this patient has a normal calcium level, which excludes this diagnosis.
Other cancers that secrete PTHrP include breast cancer, squamous–cell lung cancer, squamous
carcinoma of the head and neck, renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer to name a few.
Choice "E" is not the best answer. Primary hyperaldosteronism presents with hypertension,
hypokalemia, high serum aldosterone, low serum rennin and alkalosis. It is found in patients with
adrenal adenomas, idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia, and rarely adrenal

How Does Diabetes Affect Your Life
Everyone could be at risk of having diabetes not just adults. People think that diabetes is not so
serious, but in reality a lot could change if you have diabetes. It could affect your life in so many
ways.There are different types of diabetes for example there is type1, type 2 and gestational diabetes
for each type there are different symptoms and for each type you also have different things to do to
take care of yourself and so it won't affect your lifestyle.
Type one diabetes is mostly known as juvenile diabetes. Children and young adults are usually
Diagnosed. Type one diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin. The body breaks down the
sugars that you eat and that is called glucose which is used for energy. Insulin ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Without insulin the sugars stays up and builds up in the blood and because of that the body cells
starve from the lack of glucose. If you do not treat the high
"blood sugar " it could damage your eyes, kidney, Nerves, and the heart this could also to lead to
coma and death. A person who has type one diabetes treats the diabetes by taking insulin injections.
Food, exercise, stress and emotions and general health all hell with outside source of insulin but the
challenge with this treat mean is the you do not know precisely how much insulin to take.The
factors rise and fall greatly through the day. It complicates the decision of what dose of insulin to
take. If you take too much the result is that your body burns too much glucose and your blood sugar
can drop to a dangerously low level which is called hypoglycemia.If This is left on untreated can be
potentially life–threatening. If you take too little insulin, your body can be starved of the energy it
needs, your blood sugar can rise up to a level that may be too dangerous this is called hyperglycemia
which if it is left untreated this leads to

Dfsp Research Paper
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) was first described by Darier and Ferrand in 1924 [14].
DFSPs are rare monoclonal cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas of intermediate malignancy [1]. These
locally aggressive spindle cell tumours tend to recur after conservative initial surgical intervention
[2]. 10–15% of DFSP are high–grade variants associated with local recurrence and metastasis, and
the remaining 85–90% are low–grade. It is a tumour of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue and
when found in the breast, rarely involves the mammary glands. [16,19]
Epidemiology:
DFSP accounts for less than 0.1% of all malignancies and approximately 1% of all soft tissue
sarcomas [14]. The incidence has been reported between 0.8–5.0 cases per 1 million persons per
year. DFSP affects both men and women equally and has been documented in all races. DFSP most
commonly occurs in adults between the ages of 20 and 50. Cases ranging from birth up to 80 years
of age have been reported, but these are exceedingly rare. [4,14]
Pathogenesis:
Trauma has been documented as a triggering factor in 10 to 20% of cases. Reports also describe
tumour development in scars from previous operations, burn wounds, varicella or BGC
immunizations, and rapid growth during pregnancy (due to progesterone receptors in the tumour).
DFSP has been ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are initially asymptomatic and slowly progressive but many go on to ulcerate, bleed or become
painful. These lesions grow slowly over months to several decades and eventually develop rubbery
nodules within plaques. Growth often accelerates once nodules appear [14]. These lesions usually
vary in size from 1–5 cm but can reach 20 cm or more in advanced cases. [10,14] DFSP are most
commonly located on the trunk (50 to 60%), proximal extremities (20%), and head and neck (10 to
15%). [13] Acral and genital DFSPs are

Informative Speech Outline For Diabetes
Diabetes influences around 29.1 million Americans, and with such a high pervasiveness the vast
majority contemplates everything about the illness. For instance, you most likely know diabetes is a
condition that affects blood sugar. You also know eating routine and exercise are fundamental for
appropriate administration. You may even know about diabetes manifestations, including
unreasonable thirst, foggy vision and the powerlessness to heal sores and wounds. These are regular
information, so you may be pondering what is left to find out about diabetes. Believe it or not, there
are a few manifestations that you may not be as aware of, and in case you're not, you could be
ignoring indications that you are at danger for diabetes. As a long lasting condition diabetes can
influence your personal satisfaction, and you'll need to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is on account of diabetes can change liquid levels in the body and the change can incorporate
your eyes. One day you may have great vision and days after the fact you don't. Essentially, any
progressions to your vision ought to be accounted for – great or terrible. Your skin is changing, for
the worst Our skin ages as we do, which is the reason wrinkles and crow's feet turn into an aging
issue and not a twenty–year–olds issue. However, changes, for example, dull, smooth patches on the
skin – particularly on the back of your neck, elbows or knuckles – are an indication of high blood
sugar levels. The progressions are because of a condition called acanthosis nigrican, and as a general
rule these skin changes are a consequence of diabetes. High blood sugar is connected with the
development of skin cells and melanin – what pigments skin. For the most part, getting in shape can
resolve these skin changes or a dermatologist can treat it with a topical salve. You're relentless
irritated and

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus As A Slow Progressive Disease
Introduction:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized either by beta cell failure resulting in inadequate
production of the hormone insulin (which is responsible for the uptake of glucose in body cells from
the blood), or insulin resistance leading to decreased tissue sensitivity or response to insulin,
resulting in hyperglycemia (Mahan, Escott–Stump & Raymond, 2012). Insulin resistance is when
cells of the body in target tissues of the muscle, liver and adipose cells fail to respond to insulin,
even if there is a compensatory increase in insulin secretion (hyperinsulinemia) (Mahan et al.,
2012).
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus accounts for 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases and is often diagnosed
mainly in adults older than 30 years of age, but is also happening more in young adults and children
(Mahan et al., 2012). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a slow progressive disease and may be present
long before you know it (Mahan et al., 2012). Manifestations of the disease are hyperglycemia (high
blood glucose), fatigue, excessive thirst (polydipsia) and frequent urination (polyuria), and areas of
gray–brown skin pigmentations, known as acanthosis nigricans (Mahan et al., 2012).
Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is multi–factorial and involves several risk factors; some of
the most powerful contributing risk factors are adiposity and a longer duration of obesity (Mahan et
al., 2012). Others risk factors are multi–factorial and they include genetic and environmental factors,

Diabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes
Diabetes is a metabolic disease in which the body's inability to produce any or enough of the
hormone insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood. There are different types of diabetes;
Diabetes Mellitus Type I, Diabetes Mellitus Type II, Gestational Diabetes, and Diabetes Insipidus.
The type of diabetes you are diagnosed with is characterized by the way the body produces insulin
and how the body responds. According to the CDC 2014 Statistics Report, at present 29.1 million
people in the United States have diabetes of 8.1 million of those people are undiagnosed. The ethnic
groups showing the most prevalence of diabetes are Hispanics, Non–Hispanic Blacks, and Native
American. The most common symptoms of diabetes are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Hermanns–Le, Scheen, & Pierard, 2014, p. 200) As our cells fail to respond to insulin, the beta
cells of the pancreas produce more insulin and trigger the liver to produce more glucose to restore
glycemic control. This compensational mechanism will eventually be unable to keep up with the
body's demands leading to elevated glucose levels in circulation. Eventually, the high demand of
pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin will not be able to keep up and insulin production will
become insufficient, lessening the uptake of glucose. This now opens the path to Type II Diabetes
Mellitus. (Thoenes, 2012, p. 621)
Insulin resistance eventually will lead to compensatory hyperinsulinemia. When serum insulin levels
become elevated, there is a more dynamic effect on cell growth. This occurs through the binding and
activation of insulin–like growth factor (IGFR) receptors in the peripheral tissues. (Hermanns–Le,
Scheen, & Pierard, 2014, pp. 200–201) Research suggests the elevated binding rate of insulin to
IGFR causes cell growth and boosts proliferation of the epidermal and dermal cells, keratinocytes
and fibroblasts respectively. (Thoenes, 2012, p. 621) Keratinocytes make up 95% of the top layer,
epidermis, of the skin. They produce keratin, a protein, which gives the skin its suppleness,
durability and waterproofs the surface. Fibroblasts are dermal cells which are

The Process Of Patient Assessment
DIABETES ASSESSMENT TOOLS The process of patient assessment is an integral part in the
development of education and plans of care. Because diabetes is largely a self–managed disease,
education is key to patient success. The process of providing diabetes self–management education
(DSME) may be facilitated by a variety of healthcare professionals, including nurses, dietitians,
pharmacists, physicians, mental health professionals, optometrists, podiatrists, and exercise
physiologists. Diabetes is a multifaceted, chronic disease that impacts body systems specific to each
of the disciplines (AADE, 2011). Single and multidisciplinary tools exist to facilitate the process of
effective patient assessment. Examples of these will be explored to identify strengths and
opportunities for improvement.
In an ideal setting DSME is provided by a multidisciplinary team, which allows the patient the
benefits of an array of expertise and perspective (AADE, 2011). While most patients benefit from
this approach, some may be averse to working with multiple team members and a single person on
the team may end up being the primary resource. It should also be noted that, not all patients have
access to a multidisciplinary team due to rural settings or barriers with insurance coverage. In these
situations, patients may receive care from a single healthcare professional that, with proper training
and mentorship from peers in other disciplines, can effectively provide education and support.

A Research On High Risk Population
One of the prospects of research on high–risk population is the ability to recognize the disease and
its outcomes, is to identify and implement of evidence–based intervention that will reverse or slow
the progress of the negative outcomes of the disease (Ricci–Cabello, et al. 2013). Type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive and protracted disease related with substantial morbidity and
mortality. African Americans (AA) adults have the highest occurrence of T2DM due to factors such
as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and high consumptions of sugar that predisposed them at risk for
prediabetes. AA adults with T2DM are predisposed to experience greater debility from diabetes–
related consequences that arise when their blood glucose levels are not under control than other
ethnic groups. Such complications include neuropathy, retinopathy, end–stage renal diseases,
peripheral vascular disease, limb amputation, and death (Gregg, et al., 2014; Farooq, Birada, & Iti,
2015). Therefore, healthcare providers need to integrate social, economic, family, emotional, and
behavioral responses of patients into comprehensive diabetes care planning as the patient struggle to
assimilate diabetes, risk factors, and management into their lives (Shrivastava, 2013). Therefore, the
purpose of this project is to identify evidence–based interventions for AA at risk for T2DM, identify
outcome measures to utilize in the evaluation phase of the project, and discuss the implications for
the advance

Msg And Its Effects On The Body
MSG is known as monosodium glutamate and sodium glutamate. MSG is a sodium salt of glutamic
acid. MSG was classified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as recognized as safe (GRAS)
and as a food additive. MSG confuses the savory taste part of the tongue with free L–glutamate
naturally found in foods. Industrial food manufacturers use MSG as a flavor enhancer because it
blends well with other tastes and gives the total perception that it taste good. Other names for MSG
are Ac'cent, Aji–No–Moto, and Ve–Tsin.
MSG forces the pancreas to make more insulin, and insulin is a vital hormones in the body. As body
is a fragile balance of hormones, like any delicate ecosystem, one thing can be out of position. MSG
is linked to making too much insulin, known as insulin resistance. There are many medical
conditions are associated with insulin resistance. Now, I'm not telling you that all of them are caused
only by MSG, but MSG might have some part to play in the increasing number, of people who are
insulin resistant.
Type 2 Diabetes: the pancreas creates too much insulin this leads to insulin resistance, over time, is
the body continues to make too much insulin in the body this can weaken the pancreas. Some
individual can no longer produce enough insulin because of a weak pancreas, type 2 diabetes can
develop.
Fatty liver: Fatty liver is strongly linked with insulin resistance. Accumulation of fat in the liver is
an appearance of the chaotic mess of lipids that occurs with

Essay On Integumentary System
The integumentary system is composed of the skin and its layers. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes
can leave the skin more prone to bacterial and fungal infections, also poor oral hygiene may lead to
gum infections. Additionally, diabetes can affect blood vessels by making look like Eczema, or
atopic skin usually on the front part of the legs. Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes can cause
darkened areas of skin to appear in the armpits and the folds of the neck. Diabetes other skin related
symptoms may include atherosclerosis, Sclerodermadiabeticorum, Vitiligo, Acanthosis nigricans,
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, Diabetic dermopathy, Digital sclerosis, Eruptive xanthomatosis,
Rashes and bumps, Diabetic blisters, Disseminated granuloma ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If they don't make the effort to get a handle on it on time, it could lead them to several kinds of
complications. Diabetes can damage nearly every organ in their body, including the heart and blood
vessels, eyes, kidneys, nerves, gastrointestinal tract, gums and also their teeth ("Diabetes
Complications: How Uncontrolled Diabetes Affects Your Body," n.d.). Ultimately uncontrolled
diabetes can lead to major health problems like heart attack, stroke, kidneys damage or failure, and
even

Obesity : Disease Associated With Obesity Essay
1. List all of the diseases noted by the movie that is associated with obesity. To receive credit, this
must be a complete list.
The diseases associated with obesity are the following: Heart disease, Strokes, high blood pressure,
Diabetes, asthma, some cancers, Gallbladder disease, Osteoarthritis, Gout, and Breathing problems
such as sleep apnea.
2. Pick one in particular disease noted, and expand on it. Do the research and give etiology, signs,
and symptoms. Also, list any treatments that are commonly used for this illness.
Diabetes is a disease commonly associated with obesity. It affects how your body handles the sugar
glucose in the bloodstream. Most of the people with diabetes have type 2. The other not so severe
type is prediabetes. With this type blood glucose is above normal levels but still not high enough to
be titled diabetes. Diabetics have something doctors call insulin resistance. With type 2 diabetes
your pancreas makes insulin but their bodies don't utilize it as well as they should. Sugar builds up
in your blood as a result.
The causes of diabetes are the following: Genetics, obesity, metabolic syndrome, excess amounts of
glucose in the liver, bad communication between cells and broken beta cells.
Genes are a contributor to some cases of diabetes. Scientists have uncovered bits of DNA that affect
how the body makes insulin. Another cause is of course obesity. Being obese or overweight can
cause insulin resistance.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes are often mild

Monitoring Levels Of Blood Glucose
Monitoring diabetes Monitoring levels of blood glucose is the best approach in keeping control of
the disease. Keeping records of glucose levels helps to keep track of blood glucose changes due to
diet, medication, exercise, and helps to make needed adjustments. Diabetes can be self monitored
using a glucose meter. The glucose meter consist on a lancet to get fingertip blood, test strip, and a
glucose meter. Many different glucose meters are available and all need a blood sample in order to
measure glucose levels. Difference between devices are: size of display panel, size of monitor,
different brands, some are able to read out loud the results, and can even allow to test on a different
body area besides the fingertip. A urine test is not as accurate as a blood test, because it does not
measure levels of glucose. However, urine test is best to check for ketones.
Complications of diabetes Diabetes complications can affect the entire body, some of them can be
prevented, or easily be treated if caught on time. Some complications are mild while others are more
serious and can jeopardize the life of the individual. Complications include skin conditions,
neuropathy, kidney disease, stroke, high blood pressure, eye complications, ketoacidosis,
hypoglycemia, and/or hyperglycemia. Some examples of skin conditions include bacterial
infections, fungal infections, acanthosis nigricans, diabetic dermopathy, and necrobiosis lipoidica
diabeticorum. Bacterial infections include styes

Pancreas Research Paper
Normally, the Pancreas controls the body's blood glucose levels by the secretion of insulin and
glucagon. The endocrine part of the pancreas is made up of cells called Islet of Langerhans. The two
main parts of the Islet of Langerhans are the Alpha cells, which secrete glucagon and the Beta cells
which secrete insulin. After a meal, the blood glucose level will rise, the pancreas reacts to this
situation by secreting insulin, which will transport the excess glucose from the blood to target cells
and be converted to glycogen which can be stored as a reserve. For this process to be effective, the
insulin target cells should be able to accept and react to insulin by the insulin specific receptors. In
PCOS, these insulin target cells do not have

A Brief Note On Diabetes And Prevalence Of Diabetes Essay
Prediabetes Prediabetes is described as having a fasting blood glucose level higher than normal, but
not elevated to the level of the classification of diabetes (CDC, 2014; CDC 2015) Normal blood
glucose level is considered to be less than 100 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter), and diabetes is
diagnosed when the blood glucose level rises above 126 mg/dL. Prediabetes falls in between at a
level 100–125 mg/dL. Individuals with prediabetes are at a higher risk of heart disease and other
complications than those without prediabetes (Dorman et al., 2012) Prediabetes often does not
present with any symptoms, and approximately 15% to 30% of individuals with pre–diabetes will
progress to type 2 diabetes in five years if lifestyle changes are not made (CDC, 2015). Proper
lifestyle and behavioral changes such as eating healthier foods, increasing physical activity, and
maintaining a healthy weight can reduce a person's chance of progressing from prediabetes to
diabetes (ADA, 2015). Diabetes Prevalence of diabetes. Prevalence of diabetes by gender and age.
Prevalence of diabetes by race and ethnicity. Risk factor for diabetes. Risks factors for developing
diabetes include (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney, 2014; CDC, 2014): 1.
Age 45 or older. 2. Overweight or obese. 3. Physically inactive. 4. Family history of diabetes 5.
Ethnicity of African American, Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino,
or Pacific Islander American. 6.

Symptoms And Treatments Of Mild Hypertension Essay
Signalment:
32 years' old
Female
African–American descent
Signs:
Mild hypertension
Acne appeared after treatment with oral contraceptives
BMI of 29
Blood pressure is 138/88
Skin shows slight thickening and darkening across the neck
Symptoms:
Irregular and infrequent periods since middle adolescence
Periods are more frequent (28–30 days) and menstrual flow varies between periods after her first
child
Periods are not excessively painful
Reports frequent urination and always seems to be thirsty
Diagnostic Test Results:
Normal sodium
Normal potassium
Elevated blood glucose (fasting)
Normal hematocrit
Normal white blood count
Normal red blood count
Normal cholesterol (total)
Normal LDL
Depressed HDL
Elevated triglycerides
Problem List:
1. Mild hypertension:
Likely due to the elevated blood pressure (138/88)
Could be caused by Polly being overweight, genetics or high blood glucose
2. Acne appeared after oral contraceptives
Oral contraceptives might have contained androgenic based progestin
Likely caused an increase in androgen in Polly resulting in an acne flare up
3. Skin shows slight thickening and darkening across the neck

Likely caused by a disorder called "Acanthosis Nigricans"
Could be caused by too much insulin in the bloodstream
The excess insulin could be caused by insulin resistance due to Polly's obesity or by type two
diabetes
Could be caused by oral contraceptives affecting her insulin level (Estrogen and

Diabetes Prevention And The Health Belief Model
Review of Literature Overview The review of literature section will define diabetes and prediabetes,
identify the prevalence and major risk factors for diabetes, and present behavioral changes that can
reduced the risk of developing diabetes. This section discusses the types of presentations and
teaching methods that have been utilized in diabetes prevention and the health belief model. The
final paragraphs in the review of literature present the learning theory and delivery method of
instructional designs, which are ideal for a diabetes prevention program. Prediabetes Prediabetes is
described as having a fasting blood glucose level higher than normal, but not elevated to the level of
the classification of diabetes (CDC, 2014, 2015c). A normal blood glucose level is considered to be
less than 100 mg/dL, and diabetes is diagnosed when the blood glucose level rises above 126
mg/dL. Prediabetes falls in between at a level of 100 to 125 mg/dL (CDC, 2014). Individuals with
prediabetes are at a higher risk of heart disease and other complications than those without
prediabetes (Dorman et al., 2012). Prediabetes does not usually present with any symptoms, and
approximately 15% to 30% of individuals with pre–diabetes will progress to type 2 diabetes in 5
years if lifestyle changes are not made (CDC, 2015c). Proper lifestyle and behavioral changes, such
as eating healthier foods, increasing physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight, can reduce
a person's chance of

A Brief Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II
One of the diseases more prevalent in my family is Diabetes Mellitus type II. It has been the cause
of death of one of my paternal great grandmothers, and now it is starting to develop in my maternal
grandmother as prediabetes. Therefore, it is very important for me to identify the characteristics of
this disease, its prevalence, its risk factors and prevention, and its treatments. According to the
American Diabetes Association, type 2 diabetes, or non–insulin dependent diabetes, is defined as a
chronic condition in which the body does not use insulin properly, this is known as insulin
resistance. This condition is caused because the pancreas is not able to produce the insulin necessary
to normalize blood glucose levels, so these levels ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These terms stand for increased thirst, hunger, and urination respectively. Hunger may increase
because cells do not receive enough energy in form of glucose, which can also cause fatigue. Weight
loss is another symptom. As the body cannot metabolize the sugar, the body uses other sources for
energy. Blurred vision is another symptom of diabetes. As glucose is too high on blood, fluid may be
pulled from the eye lenses affecting the ability to focus. In addition, as diabetes affects the healing
and resisting infections' ability, slow–healing sores or frequent infections have a high incidence in
diabetics. Finally, the insulin resistance may produce acanthosis nigricans which is a production of
areas of darkened skin. In the long term, more serious conditions may be developed from diabetes.
One of these complications is cardiovascular disease. Diabetes increses the risk of heart attack,
stroke and hypertension among others. Diabetes may also end in neuropathy, which expresses in
tingling, numbness, and even loss of all sense in affected limbs. This also may lead to foot damage,
which can end up in amputation of affected areas with gangrene. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
constipation, and erectile dysfunction can occur also because of the nerve damage. Nephropathy is
another complication. Diabetes damages the filtering system of kidneys leading to kidney failure.
This might end up requiring dialysis or kidney transplant. Diabetes can provoke eye

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Obesity
1–Disadvantages of Obesity Obesity is a big problem affecting several million people all over the
world and in countries such as the US it is steadily increasing. It is an epidemic and one that must be
contained before the lives of the many people affected take drastic turns. There are numerous
disadvantages of obesity ranging from serious to very scary. Change in food habits and lifestyle
have adversely affected the health condition of the public. People prefer fast food than the home
made healthy food. Fast food is tasty but they are prepared with lots of unhealthy products that
cause harm to the body. This tendency has lead to obesity a major health problem among the youth
especially. Nearly two–thirds of adults in the United States are overweight or obese. Most of them
have some awareness that their conditions are abnormal or dangerous, but few actually do anything
about it. Exercising and maintaining a balanced diet require self–discipline, which is a scarce ...
At this point they are very aware of the many disadvantages of obesity plaguing them. They know
how they look, they know the prejudice they have to endure, they know there are serious medical
conditions associated with their weight, they know they can't accomplish certain goals or have a
higher hurdle to jump to do so. It's very frustrating and stressful for them. 3– High blood pressure
Additional fat tissue in the body needs oxygen and nutrients in order to live, which requires the
blood vessels to circulate more blood to the fat tissue. This increases the workload of the heart
because it must pump more blood through additional blood vessels. More circulating blood also
means more pressure on the artery walls. Higher pressure on the artery walls increases the blood
pressure. In addition, extra weight can raise the heart rate and reduce the body's ability to transport
blood through the

Treatment Of PCOS Essay
TREATMENT OF PCOS Treatment of PCOS is complex and is individualised. It depends on the
symptoms with which the patient presents and her age. The treatment falls broadly in 3 categories:
treating menstrual dysfunction, androgen–related symptoms and infertility1. Treatment of menstrual
irregularity is with low–dose combined contraceptive pills or with cyclic progestin to induce a
withdrawal bleeding, the former however is recommended. Lifestyle modifications should
nevertheless be promoted. Treatment of infertility also includes counselling the woman on lifestyle
modifications, along with the first line ovulation induction agent, Clomiphene citrate. Failure of
Clomiphene citrate may necessitate other agents like gonadotropins, adjuvant treatment ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Table no 4 : Clinical assessment and treatment of long–term PCOS complications65 Clinical
assessment Therapeutic approaches Metabolic risk Screening for impaired glucose tolerance and
T2DM with 75 g OGTT in PCOS women with: – age >40 years – BMI >30 – classic phenotype –
presence of acanthosis nigricans – personal and/or family history of T2DM BMI and waist
circumference at every visit: – waist circumference> 80 cm – abdominal obesity Periodic
reassessment with OGTT Lifestyle change programs (hypocaloric diet and physical exercise)
represent the first–line approach for obese PCOS women Metformin use for prevention of diabetes
in PCOS women with impaired glucose tolerance when lifestyle modification is not successful
and/or as an adjuvant to general lifestyle modifications Thiazolidinediones as alternative therapy in
insulin–resistant, obese PCOS patients who are intolerant or refractory to metformin, or with severe
insulin resistance due to genetic disorder Cardiovascular risk CVD risk assessment at any age with:
– blood pressure – lipid profile – waist circumference – BMI – glucose profile – cigarette smoking –
family history of early CVD – evaluation for depression, anxiety, and quality–of–life Categorize
PCOS patients as "at risk" for CVD if

A Short Note On Diabetes And Adult Onset Diabetes
As of 2014 an estimated 30 million people in the United States alone have diabetes; out of this
diabetic population about 95% have type 2 diabetes, also known as adult–onset diabetes
("Infographics," 2014). Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes may be preventable. Type 2 diabetes
isn't only seen in adults, this disease is becoming more relevant in children as child obesity increases
(American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014, p. [Page #1]). If not detected or controlled many
complications can occur such as, "accelerated development of cardiovascular disease, end–stage
renal disease, loss of visual acuity, and limb amputations" (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014,
p. [Page #1]). Pathophysiology Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most people who suffer from obesity have plasma levels with elevated free fatty acids (FFAs). As
Mandal stated, FFAs cause insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and the liver. A group of individuals
(Lam TKT, Yoshii H, Haber A, Bogdanovic Lam L, Fantus G, Giacca A) conducted a study
addressing hepatic insulin resistance caused by FFAs. In this environmentally controlled study, adult
male Sprague–Dawley rats were infused with lipid/heparin. Results of this study show an increase in
FFAs and insulin resistance (Boden, 2005). Manifestations Signs and symptoms of this disease can
be insidious and go unnoticed, therefore unknowingly having this disease for a significant amount of
time; such as years. Some of these signs and symptoms are polydipsia, polyuria, increased appetite,
fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing sores, frequent infections, darkened areas of skin, and weight
loss ("Type 2 Diabetes," 2014). Excessive sugar build up in the blood stream extracts fluids from the
tissues leading to excessive thirst (polydipsia) followed by excessive urination (polyuria). Since the
sugar isn't being moved into the cells, the cells lack energy. Simply, the cells are starving and your
body is trying to compensate for your cells causing increased hunger. The lack of energy the cells
have can cause fatigue in a type 2 diabetic patient. Blurred vision is a symptom due to once again,
the excessive sugar

What Are Insulin Resistance?
What Is Insulin Resistance?
Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas. It helps cells absorb glucose (sugar) from the blood to
use as energy. Your body digests foods that contain carbohydrates and releases them as glucose into
your blood. Insulin, which is released when you eat, helps the body maintain a healthy level of
circulating glucose by allowing glucose from the blood to go into the cells. This lowers blood sugar,
and the cells use the glucose for energy.
Some people may begin to have problems using insulin correctly. This is referred to as insulin
resistance. With insulin resistance, your pancreas produces insulin, but your cells are not using it as
well as they should. When insulin is not working the way it should, your cells do ... Show more
Classic diabetes symptoms include extreme thirst and frequent urination. You may eat normally, or
even more than you should, and still feel hungry if you have diabetes. Having Type 2 diabetes can
also lead to nerve problems that result in tingling sensations in the hands and feet. You may also feel
more tired than usual if you have diabetes that is not well controlled.
Evidence in Blood Tests
Without obvious symptoms, insulin resistance (and, thus, prediabetes and diabetes) is usually
detected through a blood draw. One way to diagnose prediabetes or diabetes is with an A1C test.
This test provides a number that gives you an idea of how your blood sugar has been averaging over
the last two to three months. You don't need to be fasting for this test. An A1c under 5.6 percent is
considered normal. An A1C between 5.7 and 6.4 percent is diagnostic for prediabetes. An A1C equal
to or above 6.5 percent is diagnostic for diabetes. Your doctor may choose to confirm this test on
another day.
In addition to the A1C test, other blood tests can check your blood glucose levels. A fasting blood
glucose test – taken after not eating or drinking for at least eight hours – will provide your fasting
blood sugar level. A high level may require a second test to confirm this reading a few days later. If
two tests show elevated levels of blood glucose in the bloodstream, you may

Unusual Body
Unusual Skin Ailments with Diabetes
People with diabetes are more prone to developing a variety of skin conditions. Early diagnosis and
treatment can help control or eliminate these skin problems. Discover more about unusual skin
ailments with diabetes and what to do about them.
Some skin problems with diabetes are linked to insulin resistance. An example is acanthosis
nigricans. The gets a dark tan or brown and thickens in areas such as skin folds including the
armpits, groin, back or sides of the neck and under the breast, as well as the knuckles. It may
precede diabetes and often occurs in people who are overweight. Losing weight can help.
Another skin condition that causes thickening of the skin is scleroderma. It is often found on the ...
Yellow, firm bumps appear on the skin, which are itchy and surrounded by a red ring. Often they
occur on the buttocks and face, as well as the creases in the skin and backs of the legs and arms.
Treatment includes controlling the sugar and fat in your blood. The doctor may prescribe lipid–
lowering drugs.
Dry skin is a common problem for people with diabetes. It can be caused by poor blood flow or
external conditions, such as harsh weather. Use a mild soap and warm water to cleanse your body.
Avoid harsh soaps and hot water. Dry off gently and thoroughly. Apply lotion, such as one of the
Gold Bond products, to eliminate dryness and reduce itching. Avoid putting moisturizer I the area
between your toes.
There are a variety of unusual skin ailments with diabetes. Maintaining proper blood sugar control
and taking good care of the skin you're in can help. If a rash is persistent or painful, contact your
health care team right away as it could be an indication of other health care concerns.
Unusual Skin Ailments with Diabetes
People with diabetes are prone to developing unusual skin ailments. Discover more about possible
skin problems and what may cause them. Learn about the connection between blood sugar levels
and skin problems. Find out how to take care of various skin

Diabetes Is The Most Common Form Of Diabetes
Diabetes in general is when there is a problem with your body that causes the blood glucose (sugar)
to rise higher than they normally would. This can also be known as Hyperglycemia. Type 2 Diabetes
is a chronic condition and will affect the way the body processes the blood sugar (glucose). Type 2
Diabetes can also be known as Adult Onset Diabetes. In 90%–95% of all diabetic cases, Type 2
Diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. A person typically gets diabetes after the age of 40,
but anyone can get it at any age. It is now being seen in young children everyday. If you have Type 2
Diabetes, it either means one of two things. The first being that your body doesn't produce enough
insulin. The second being that your body seems to resist insulin. This can be referred to as insulin
resistance. In the beginning, your pancreas will be able to make the extra insulin. Unfortunately,
over time it won't be able to keep up with it and won't be able to keep your blood glucose at the
normal levels that it should be. When the glucose starts building up in your blood, instead of in your
cells, it can cause two main problems. The first problem is that your cells may be starved for energy.
The second problem is that over a period of time, the high blood glucose levels can start to even hurt
your eyes, kidneys, nerves, or heart. No one should have to go through Type 2 Diabetes, but several
people do. In the below paragraphs, I will explain the causes/risk factors, signs and symptoms,

College Essay On Pcos
PCOD: The Rising Issue Polycystic Ovary Syndrome affects an estimated 5–10 percent of women
of childbearing age and it is a leading cause of infertility. It is the most common endocrinopathy
among reproductive age women and as many as 30 percent of women have some characteristics of
the syndrome. PCOS is generally considered a syndrome rather than a disease (though it is
sometimes called Polycystic Ovary Disease) because it manifests itself through a group of signs and
symptoms that can occur in any combination, rather than having one known cause or presentation.
Women with PCOS can have a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms, from very mild to severe.
They may include: Irregular or absent menstrual periods. Heavy vaginal bleeding; ovaries make
progesterone for two weeks following ovulation. At the end of that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Women with PCOS may have enlarged ovaries that contain small collections of fluid – called
follicles – located in each ovary as seen during an ultrasound exam. The cause of PCOS is not fully
understood, but genetics may be a factor. It seems to run in families, so your chance of having it is
higher if other women in your family have it or have irregular periods or diabetes. Many current
studies into PCOS are focusing on the body's ability to process insulin. A growing collection of data
suggests that elevated insulin levels are unhealthy and contribute to increased androgen production,
worsening PCOS symptoms from cosmetic issues to infertility, and eventually increasing the risk of
certain cancers, diabetes and heart disease. PCOS should be diagnosed based on physical exam,
ultrasound of the ovaries, and the results of various blood tests. Adolescent PCOS is on the rise
these days due to change in lifestyle, academic load and lack of physical

Dark Underarms Research Paper
Many people across the world suffer from dark skin on their underarms, which is sometimes
referred to as acanthosis nigricans, a medical condition that results in darkening of the skin. Dark
underarms can affect people of all ages and skin types, and many people find it embarrassing.
Although dark underarms can be caused by a variety of different things, most often, this skin
condition is caused by a resistance to insulin, which eventually leads to diabetes. It can also be the
result of hormonal disorders, such as ovarian cysts and underactive thyroids.
Sometimes the cause is as simple as the method you use to remove your armpit hair or the deodorant
you use. The stubble present under your skin after shaving could give your armpits a dark
appearance. Your deodorant could also be the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are countless amounts of proven natural remedies that can help lighten your underarms. Here
are a few:
1. Bleach with lemon.
Lemon juice is a great way to naturally bleach things. It has many anti–bacterial and anti–septic
properties. To use this remedy, apply some lemon juice to your underarms before showering, then
rinse it off.
2. Use potatoes.
Like lemons, potatoes are also good natural bleaching agents. To use this method, rub a slice of raw
potato on your underarms for 5–10 minutes, then rinse off with water. If you use this method twice a
day, you can expect to see results in seven days.
3. Exfoliate.
Sometimes, dead skin can accumulate under your arms, and that can cause them to appear dark.
Apply a mixture of lemon juice and sugar to your underarms and wait 5–10 minutes. Then, gently
rub your armpits with your fingers in a circular motion for a few minutes before rinsing off.
4. Use baking soda.
Baking soda can also be used to make a scrub for your underarms. Simply mix some baking soda
and water together to form a paste. Then, rub the paste on your underarms and gently

Paraneoplastic Syndrome Research Paper
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare disorders triggered by a person's immune system in response to a
cancerous tumor. Paraneoplastic syndromes can affect many areas of the body systems, including
the nervous system, hormone (endocrine) system, skin (dermatologic) system, blood (hematologic)
system, and joints (rheumatologic) system.
CAUSES
The exact cause of these syndromes is not known. However, these syndromes are believed to occur
when the tumor cells of the cancer cause an immune response in the body system where the cancer
is located.
The normal cancer–fighting response from the immune system activates white blood cells, also
called T cells, which target cancer cells in the area. The cancer–fighting cells also ... Show more
MRI.
CT scan.
Positron emission tomography (PET).
Electroencephalogram (EEG).
Electromyelogram (EMG).
TREATMENT
There is no cure for these syndromes. Treatment will first focus on treating whatever cancer you
have. Then, treatment will focus on helping your immune system lower its response to the tumor.
This may be done with:
Steroids.
Medicines to slow the immune response (immunosuppressants).
Anti–seizure medicines.
Blood cleansing (plasmapheresis).
Immunoglobulin antibodies given intravenously (IVIg).
Speech and physical therapy may also be recommended.
HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS
Take over–the–counter and prescription medicines only as told by your health care provider.
Do any speech or physical therapy as told by your health care provider.
Keep all follow–up visits as told by your health care provider. This is important.

SEEK MEDICAL CARE IF:
You have a fever.
You have a reaction to a medicine you are taking.
Your symptoms change or get worse.
SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL CARE IF:
You have trouble breathing.
You have more trouble

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