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• RNA polymerase unwinds a small portion of DNA
•
  mRNA matches bases of DNA

• mRNA breaks away form DNA

• mRNA goes to ribosomes to make the codons an amino acid to create
  a protein
Cell Nucleus
Cell Nucleus
Cell Nucleus
Cell Nucleus
Cell Nucleus
Adenine
           Polymerase   Starting DNA Strand
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand
           Polymerase
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand
Adenine    Polymerase
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand

Adenine
           Polymerase
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine   Polymerase
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand


Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine   polymerase
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand



Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine   Polymerase
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand




Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine   Polymerase
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand




Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine   Polymerase
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand




Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine   Polymerase
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand




Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine   Polymerase
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand




Adenine
Thymine    Polymerase
Cytosine
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand




Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine   Polymerase
Guanine
Starting DNA Strand




Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine   Polymerase
Guanine
Promoter and
             Operator       Starting DNA Strand
Polymerase




 Uracil


                               Coding Region




Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Promoter and
                        Operator       Starting DNA Strand
           Polymerase




 Uracil
                                          Coding Region




Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Promoter and
                        Operator       Starting DNA Strand
           Polymerase




                                          Coding Region
 Uracil




Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Promoter and
                        Operator       Starting DNA Strand
           Polymerase




 Uracil




Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Promoter and
                        Operator       Polymerase copying the
           Polymerase
                                       DNA to make mRNA




 Uracil


Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
           Polymerase   DNA to make mRNA




Adenine

Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
                        DNA to make mRNA
           Polymerase




Adenine
 Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
                        DNA to make mRNA

           Polymerase




Adenine
 Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
                        DNA to make mRNA




           Polymerase




Adenine
 Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
                        DNA to make mRNA




           Polymerase




Adenine
 Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
                        DNA to make mRNA




Adenine    Polymerase
 Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
           DNA to make mRNA




Adenine
 Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
           DNA to make mRNA




Adenine
 Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
           DNA to make mRNA




Adenine
 Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
           DNA to make mRNA




Adenine
 Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
           DNA to make mRNA




Adenine
 Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
           DNA to make mRNA




Adenine
 Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
Polymerase copying the
        DNA to make mRNA




 nine
acil
osine
 nine
Polymerase copying the
DNA to make mRNA
Polymerase copying the
DNA to make mRNA
Polymerase copying the
DNA to make mRNA
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm




            Ribosome
Cytoplasm




            Ribosome
Cytoplasm




            Ribosome
• mRNA comes in contact with ribosomes

• ribosomes is split into a big subunit and a small subunit
•
  ribosomes reads mRNA sequence

• ribosomes translates sequence into amino acids
Start Codon
Start Codon
Amino Acid

   tRNA
Amino Acid

   tRNA
Peptide Bond
Peptide Bond
Peptide Bond
End Codon
End Codon
Final Protein

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